Eucalyptus deanei: Difference between revisions
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* ''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' <small>H. Deane & Maiden</small> |
* ''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' <small>H. Deane & Maiden</small> |
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⚫ | '''''Eucalyptus deanei''''', commonly known as '''mountain blue gum''', '''round-leaved gum''',<ref name="floransw" /> or '''Deane's gum''',<ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus deanei'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20deanei |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> is species of large tree [[Endemism|endemic]] in [[New South Wales]]. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit. |
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⚫ | '''''Eucalyptus deanei''''', commonly known as '''mountain blue gum''', '''round-leaved gum''',<ref name="floransw" /> or '''Deane's gum''',<ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus deanei'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20deanei |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> is species of large tree [[Endemism|endemic]] in [[New South Wales]]. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[File:Blue_Gum_Forest_Blue_Sky.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Blue_Gum_Forest_Blue_Sky.jpg|thumb|210px|left|[[Blue Gum Forest]] in [[Blue Mountains National Park]] with ''Eucalyptus deanei'' trees.]] |
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[[File:Eucalyptus deanei buds.jpg|thumb|left|flower buds]] |
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[[File:Eucalyptus deanei fruit.jpg|thumb|left|fruit]] |
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''Eucalyptus deanei'' typically grows as a straight forest tree, growing a height of {{cvt|40-65|m}} with a trunk diameter of up to {{cvt|2|m}} at [[Diameter at breast height|breast height]]. Some specimens exceed {{cvt|75|m}} but in less than optimal sites, it may be restricted to {{cvt|20-30|m}}, have a thicker trunk and more branching crown. The trunk has smooth pale grey or cream bark with a 'skirt' of rougher greyish or brownish bark at the base. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have egg-shaped to more or less round leaves {{cvt|40-105|mm}} long and {{cvt|25-60|mm}} wide. |
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⚫ | Adult leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, lance-shaped, glossy dark green on the upper surface and paler below. They are {{cvt|70-180|mm}} long and {{cvt|15-40|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|17-40|mm}} long.<ref name="floransw">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Eucalyptus deanei'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~deanei |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Brooker">Brooker, I. & Kleinig, D., ''Eucalyptus, An illustrated guide to identification'', Reed Books, Melbourne, 1996</ref><ref name="Boland">{{cite book|author1=Boland, Douglas J. |author2=Brooker, M. I. H. |author3=Chippendale, G. M. |author4=McDonald, Maurice William |title=Forest trees of Australia|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria|year=2006|page=84|isbn=0-643-06969-0|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=CRQg11hSJ1kC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Eucalyptus+deanei%22&redir_esc=y&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Eucalyptus%20deanei&f=false|accessdate= 24 May 2019}}</ref> |
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The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|8-22|mm}} long, the individual buds on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] {{cvt|3-6|mm}} long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, {{cvt|4-7|mm}} long and {{cvt|3-4|mm}} wide with a conical to rounded or beaked [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. Flowering occurs from February to April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to bell-shaped [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|4-6|mm}} long and {{cvt|5-7|mm}} wide with the valves at rim level or slightly beyond.<ref name="floransw" /><ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Brooker" /><ref name="Boland" /><ref name=Ben98/> |
The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|8-22|mm}} long, the individual buds on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] {{cvt|3-6|mm}} long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, {{cvt|4-7|mm}} long and {{cvt|3-4|mm}} wide with a conical to rounded or beaked [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. Flowering occurs from February to April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to bell-shaped [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|4-6|mm}} long and {{cvt|5-7|mm}} wide with the valves at rim level or slightly beyond.<ref name="floransw" /><ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Brooker" /><ref name="Boland" /><ref name=Ben98/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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Mountain blue gum was first formally described in 1899 by [[Henry Deane (engineer)|Henry Deane]] and [[Joseph Maiden]] who gave it the name ''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' and published the description in ''[[Linnean Society of New South Wales|Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales]]''.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' |url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455103|publisher=APNI|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="H.Deane">{{cite journal |last1=Deane |first1=Henry |last2=Maiden |first2=Joseph |title=Observations on the eucalypts of New South Wales |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |date=1899 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=464–465 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21735#page/562/mode/1up |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> In 1904, Deane raised the variety to species status as ''E. deanei'' and published the change in ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus deanei'' |url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/454933|publisher=APNI|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Maiden">{{cite journal |last1=Maiden |first1=Joseph |title=On four new species of ''Eucalyptus'' |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |date=1904 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=471–472 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30005#page/513/mode/1up |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> Maiden named the tree "in honour of my old friend Henry Deane, M.A., M.Inst.C.E., Engineer- |
Mountain blue gum was first formally described in 1899 by [[Henry Deane (engineer)|Henry Deane]] and [[Joseph Maiden]] who gave it the name ''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' and published the description in ''[[Linnean Society of New South Wales|Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales]]''.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus saligna'' var. ''parviflora'' |url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455103|publisher=APNI|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="H.Deane">{{cite journal |last1=Deane |first1=Henry |last2=Maiden |first2=Joseph |title=Observations on the eucalypts of New South Wales |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |date=1899 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=464–465 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21735#page/562/mode/1up |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> In 1904, Deane raised the variety to species status as ''E. deanei'' and published the change in ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus deanei'' |url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/454933|publisher=APNI|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Maiden">{{cite journal |last1=Maiden |first1=Joseph |title=On four new species of ''Eucalyptus'' |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |date=1904 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=471–472 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30005#page/513/mode/1up |accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> Maiden named the tree "in honour of my old friend Henry Deane, M.A., M.Inst.C.E., Engineer-in-chief for Railway Construction of this State, my coadjutor in much work on the genus published in these Proceedings and whose stimulus and counsel in botanical work I have enjoyed for twenty years". He also noted that Maiden had drawn his attention to the tree "in March, 1888, at The Valley, Blue Mountains".<ref name="Maiden" /> |
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This eucalypt has been classified in the [[subgenus]] ''Symphyomyrtus'', [[Section (botany)|Section]] ''Latoangulatae'', [[Series (botany)|Series]] ''Transversae'' (eastern blue gums) by [[Ian Brooker]] and [[David Kleinig]]. Its two closest relatives are the flooded gum (''[[Eucalyptus grandis|E. grandis]]'') and the Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna|E. |
This eucalypt has been classified in the [[subgenus]] ''Symphyomyrtus'', [[Section (botany)|Section]] ''Latoangulatae'', [[Series (botany)|Series]] ''Transversae'' (eastern blue gums) by [[Ian Brooker]] and [[David Kleinig]]. Its two closest relatives are the flooded gum (''[[Eucalyptus grandis|E. grandis]]'') and the Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna|E. saligna]]'').<ref name=brooker>{{cite book|title=Field Guide to Eucalypts|volume=1: South-eastern Australia|author1=Brooker, M.I.H. |author2=Kleinig, D. A. |pages=69–72 |publisher= Bloomings Books|location= Melbourne |year= 1999|isbn=1-876473-03-7}}</ref> Its common name is derived from its roundish juvenile leaves, which also distinguish it from its closest relatives.<ref name="Boland"/> |
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In 1990 [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] and [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] described the New England population as a separate species, ''E. brunnea'' but the change has not been accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name="APC" /> |
In 1990 [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] and [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] described the New England population as a separate species, ''E. brunnea'' but the change has not been accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name="APC" /> |
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The botanist [[K.D.Hill|Ken Hill]] collected this species mid way between the northern and southern populations, west of [[Comboyne]].<ref>{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus deanei''|work=Australian Virtual Herbarium; Occurrence record: MEL 2037851A. Location -31.6219 152.1289, 0.2 km N of Homewoods road, 2.6 km W of Knodingbul road |url=http://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/4bc7a402-b4ac-4df5-8812-747b792f43f0|accessdate=2017-01-20}}</ref> |
The botanist [[K.D.Hill|Ken Hill]] collected this species mid way between the northern and southern populations, west of [[Comboyne]].<ref>{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus deanei''|work=Australian Virtual Herbarium; Occurrence record: MEL 2037851A. Location -31.6219 152.1289, 0.2 km N of Homewoods road, 2.6 km W of Knodingbul road |url=http://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/4bc7a402-b4ac-4df5-8812-747b792f43f0|accessdate=2017-01-20}}</ref> |
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Associated trees include Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna|E. |
Associated trees include Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna|E. saligna]]''), grey gum (''[[Eucalyptus punctata|E. punctata]]''), messmate (''[[Eucalyptus obliqua|E. obliqua]]''), manna gum (''[[Eucalyptus viminalis|E. viminalis]]''), river peppermint (''[[Eucalyptus elata|E. elata]]''), silvertop stringybark (''[[Eucalyptus laevopinea|E. laevopinea]]''), New England blackbutt (''[[Eucalyptus andrewsii|E. andrewsii]]''), rough-barked apple (''[[Angophora floribunda]]''), turpentine (''[[Syncarpia glomulifera]]'') and forest oak (''[[Allocasuarina torulosa]]'').<ref name="Boland"/><ref name=Ben98>{{cite journal|last=Benson |first=Doug |author2=McDougall, Lyn |year=1998 |title=Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae |journal=Cunninghamia |volume=5 |issue=4 |page=926 |id= |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090614173442/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2009-06-14 }} Retrieved 3 March 2012.</ref> |
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==Notable specimens== |
==Notable specimens== |
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Located near [[Woodford, New South Wales|Woodford]] in the Blue Mountains, the largest known was measured in 1978 at 78 metres tall, and remeasured in 2010 at 71 metres tall with a diameter at breast height of 2.5 metres.<ref>[[Dean Nicolle]] measured the tree on December 17th, 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalregisterofbigtrees.com.au/listing_view.php?listing_id=571|title=Blue Gum - Mountain: Tree Details|last=Woodard|first=Peter |date=2012|work=National Register of Big Trees: Australia's Champion Trees|publisher= National Register of Big Trees|accessdate=2 March 2012}}</ref> Another large tree measures 65 m high with a 6 m diameter trunk in the Blue Gum Forest in the Grose Valley near [[Blackheath, New South Wales|Blackheath]]. Over 600 years old, it is a local landmark for bushwalkers.<ref name="allen09"/> |
Located near [[Woodford, New South Wales|Woodford]] in the Blue Mountains, the largest known was measured in 1978 at 78 metres tall, and remeasured in 2010 at 71 metres tall with a diameter at breast height of 2.5 metres.<ref>[[Dean Nicolle]] measured the tree on December 17th, 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalregisterofbigtrees.com.au/listing_view.php?listing_id=571|title=Blue Gum - Mountain: Tree Details|last=Woodard|first=Peter |date=2012|work=National Register of Big Trees: Australia's Champion Trees|publisher= National Register of Big Trees|accessdate=2 March 2012}}</ref> Another large tree measures 65 m high with a 6 m diameter trunk in the Blue Gum Forest in the Grose Valley near [[Blackheath, New South Wales|Blackheath]]. Over 600 years old, it is a local landmark for bushwalkers.<ref name="allen09"/> |
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Revision as of 13:17, 4 September 2019
Mountain blue gum | |
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![]() | |
A giant Eucalyptus deanei, near Woodford in Blue Mountains National Park, Australia | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Myrtaceae |
Genus: | Eucalyptus |
Species: | E. deanei
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Binomial name | |
Eucalyptus deanei | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Eucalyptus deanei, commonly known as mountain blue gum, round-leaved gum,[2] or Deane's gum,[3] is species of large tree endemic in New South Wales. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit.
Description
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Blue_Gum_Forest_Blue_Sky.jpg/210px-Blue_Gum_Forest_Blue_Sky.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eucalyptus_deanei_buds.jpg/220px-Eucalyptus_deanei_buds.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Eucalyptus_deanei_fruit.jpg/220px-Eucalyptus_deanei_fruit.jpg)
Eucalyptus deanei typically grows as a straight forest tree, growing a height of 40–65 m (131–213 ft) with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) at breast height. Some specimens exceed 75 m (246 ft) but in less than optimal sites, it may be restricted to 20–30 m (66–98 ft), have a thicker trunk and more branching crown. The trunk has smooth pale grey or cream bark with a 'skirt' of rougher greyish or brownish bark at the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to more or less round leaves 40–105 mm (1.6–4.1 in) long and 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) wide.
Adult leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, lance-shaped, glossy dark green on the upper surface and paler below. They are 70–180 mm (2.8–7.1 in) long and 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) wide on a petiole 17–40 mm (0.67–1.57 in) long.[2][3][4][5]
The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 8–22 mm (0.31–0.87 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to rounded or beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from February to April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to bell-shaped capsule 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) wide with the valves at rim level or slightly beyond.[2][3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy
Mountain blue gum was first formally described in 1899 by Henry Deane and Joseph Maiden who gave it the name Eucalyptus saligna var. parviflora and published the description in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.[7][8] In 1904, Deane raised the variety to species status as E. deanei and published the change in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.[9][10] Maiden named the tree "in honour of my old friend Henry Deane, M.A., M.Inst.C.E., Engineer-in-chief for Railway Construction of this State, my coadjutor in much work on the genus published in these Proceedings and whose stimulus and counsel in botanical work I have enjoyed for twenty years". He also noted that Maiden had drawn his attention to the tree "in March, 1888, at The Valley, Blue Mountains".[10]
This eucalypt has been classified in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus, Section Latoangulatae, Series Transversae (eastern blue gums) by Ian Brooker and David Kleinig. Its two closest relatives are the flooded gum (E. grandis) and the Sydney blue gum (E. saligna).[11] Its common name is derived from its roundish juvenile leaves, which also distinguish it from its closest relatives.[5]
In 1990 Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described the New England population as a separate species, E. brunnea but the change has not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census.[1]
Distribution and habitat
Eucalyptus deanei is found in two disjunct populations. The southern range is from Thirlmere to Broke,[2] near Singleton, while the northern range is from Armidale on the Northern Tablelands through to the D'aguilar Range west of Brisbane.[5] It is a dominant tree of tall forests in sheltered valleys where there is plenty of moisture, on clay or loam soils, and alluvial sands, although it sometimes grows on more elevated areas.[5] They are most famously seen at the Blue Gum Forest, in the Grose Valley of the Blue Mountains National Park.[12]
The botanist Ken Hill collected this species mid way between the northern and southern populations, west of Comboyne.[13]
Associated trees include Sydney blue gum (E. saligna), grey gum (E. punctata), messmate (E. obliqua), manna gum (E. viminalis), river peppermint (E. elata), silvertop stringybark (E. laevopinea), New England blackbutt (E. andrewsii), rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) and forest oak (Allocasuarina torulosa).[5][6]
Notable specimens
Located near Woodford in the Blue Mountains, the largest known was measured in 1978 at 78 metres tall, and remeasured in 2010 at 71 metres tall with a diameter at breast height of 2.5 metres.[14][15] Another large tree measures 65 m high with a 6 m diameter trunk in the Blue Gum Forest in the Grose Valley near Blackheath. Over 600 years old, it is a local landmark for bushwalkers.[12]
References
- ^ a b c "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus deanei". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ a b c Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ a b Brooker, I. & Kleinig, D., Eucalyptus, An illustrated guide to identification, Reed Books, Melbourne, 1996
- ^ a b c d e f Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 0-643-06969-0. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ a b Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 926. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) Retrieved 3 March 2012. - ^ "Eucalyptus saligna var. parviflora". APNI. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ Deane, Henry; Maiden, Joseph (1899). "Observations on the eucalypts of New South Wales". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 24 (3): 464–465. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus deanei". APNI. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ a b Maiden, Joseph (1904). "On four new species of Eucalyptus". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 29 (3): 471–472. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ Brooker, M.I.H.; Kleinig, D. A. (1999). Field Guide to Eucalypts. Vol. 1: South-eastern Australia. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 69–72. ISBN 1-876473-03-7.
- ^ a b Allen, Richard; Baker, Kimbal (2009). Australia's Remarkable Trees. Carlton, Victoria: The Miegunyah Press. pp. 250–253. ISBN 978-0-522-85669-9.
- ^ "Eucalyptus deanei". Australian Virtual Herbarium; Occurrence record: MEL 2037851A. Location -31.6219 152.1289, 0.2 km N of Homewoods road, 2.6 km W of Knodingbul road. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ Dean Nicolle measured the tree on December 17th, 2010
- ^ Woodard, Peter (2012). "Blue Gum - Mountain: Tree Details". National Register of Big Trees: Australia's Champion Trees. National Register of Big Trees. Retrieved 2 March 2012.