Novel coronavirus: Difference between revisions
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| '''2019-nCoV'''||''[[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)''<ref group=lower-alpha>this virus is not a distinct [[species]], but rather a [[Strain (biology)|strain]] of the species [[SARSr-CoV]], of which 2002-nCoV is also a strain.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gorbalenya |first1=Alexander E. |title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group |journal=bioRxiv |date=11 February 2020 |pages=2020.02.07.937862 |doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862 |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|publisher=BBC News}}.</ref>||'''SARS virus 2'''|| pangolins, bats || Wuhan, China || [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19)<ref group=lower-alpha>synonyms include ''2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia'', ''anilingosa sinensium tedrosi'' and ''Wuhan respiratory syndrome''</ref><ref> According to [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/U07.1 ICD-10] the disease is referred to as "''2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]''". It is not listed in [https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3A%2F%2Fid.who.int%2Ficd%2Fentity%2F1251496839 ICD-11].</ref> |
| '''2019-nCoV'''||''[[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)''<ref group=lower-alpha>this virus is not a distinct [[species]], but rather a [[Strain (biology)|strain]] of the species [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|SARSr-CoV]], of which 2002-nCoV is also a strain.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gorbalenya |first1=Alexander E. |title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group |journal=bioRxiv |date=11 February 2020 |pages=2020.02.07.937862 |doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862 |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|publisher=BBC News}}.</ref>||'''SARS virus 2'''|| pangolins, bats || Wuhan, China || [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19)<ref group=lower-alpha>synonyms include ''2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia'', ''anilingosa sinensium tedrosi'' and ''Wuhan respiratory syndrome''</ref><ref> According to [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/U07.1 ICD-10] the disease is referred to as "''2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]''". It is not listed in [https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3A%2F%2Fid.who.int%2Ficd%2Fentity%2F1251496839 ICD-11].</ref> |
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| '''2012-nCoV'''|| ''[[Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]] (MERS-CoV)''<ref group=lower-alpha>strains include [[HCoV-EMC/2012]] and [[London1 novel CoV/2012]]</ref> || '''Middle East virus''', '''MERS virus''', '''camel flu virus''' || camels, bats || Jeddah, Saudi Arabia || [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS) |
| '''2012-nCoV'''|| ''[[Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]] (MERS-CoV)''<ref group=lower-alpha>strains include [[HCoV-EMC/2012]] and [[London1 novel CoV/2012]]</ref> || '''Middle East virus''', '''MERS virus''', '''camel flu virus''' || camels, bats || Jeddah, Saudi Arabia || [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS) |
Revision as of 14:08, 25 February 2020
A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is any recently discovered coronavirus of medical significance not yet permanently named. Although coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections are normally mild (such as the common cold, which is caused by human coronaviruses in about 15% of cases), cross-species transmission has produced some unusually virulent strains which can cause viral pneumonia and in serious cases even acute respiratory distress syndrome.[1][2][3]
Species
The following viruses could initially be referred to as "novel coronavirus", often with retroactive addition of the year of discovery, before being given a permanent designation:
Initial name | Officially named | Informal names | Original host[a] | Place of discovery | Disease caused |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-nCoV | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)[b][4][5] | SARS virus 2 | pangolins, bats | Wuhan, China | coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[c][6] |
2012-nCoV | Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)[d] | Middle East virus, MERS virus, camel flu virus | camels, bats | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) |
2005-nCoV | human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) | New Haven virus | mice | Hong Kong, China | unnamed, extremely rare, usually mild variant of coronavirus respiratory syndrome |
2002-nCoV | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) | SARS virus | civets, bats | Foshan, China | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
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All four viruses are part of the betacoronavirus genus within the coronavirus family.
Etymology
The word "novel" indicates a "new pathogen of a previously known type" (i.e. known family) of virus. Use of the word conforms to best practices for naming new infectious diseases published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. Historically, pathogens have sometimes been named after locations, individuals, or specific species.[7] However, this practice is now explicitly discouraged by the WHO.[8]
The official permanent names for viruses and for diseases are determined by the ICTV and the WHO's ICD, respectively.
See also
- Coronavirus
- Coronavirus disease
- Coronavirus 229E
- Coronavirus OC43
- Coronavirus NL63
- Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
- Bat-borne viruses
References
- ^ Murray and Nadel (2010). Chapter 31.
- ^ Cunha (2010). pp. 6–18.
- ^ Melmed 2011, pp. 636
- ^ Gorbalenya, Alexander E. (11 February 2020). "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group". bioRxiv: 2020.02.07.937862. doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862.
- ^ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19". BBC News..
- ^ According to ICD-10 the disease is referred to as "2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]". It is not listed in ICD-11.
- ^ Ghosh R, Das S. A Brief Review of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Outbreak. Global Journal for Research Analysis. 2020; 9 (2).
- ^ World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases. World Health Organization. May 2015.