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:''This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see [[James Clark]].''
{{sprotected}}
{{Former F1 driver|
{{Former F1 driver|
Name = Jim Clark |
Name = Jim Clark |
Nationality = British |
Image = ClarkJim(blauesHemd)1966Aug.jpg |
Caption = Clark (left) in 1966 |
Nationality = {{flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom|British]] |
Years = 1960 - 1968 |
Years = 1960 - 1968 |
Team(s) = [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] |
Team(s) = [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] |
Races = 73 |
Races = 72 |
Championships = 2 |
Championships = 2 |
Wins = 25 |
Wins = 25 |
Line 23: Line 21:
Last race = [[1968 South African Grand Prix|1968]] [[South African Grand Prix]] |
Last race = [[1968 South African Grand Prix|1968]] [[South African Grand Prix]] |
}}
}}
:''This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see [[James Clark]].''


'''Jim''' (or '''Jimmy''') '''Clark [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire|OBE]]''' (born [[4 March]], [[1936]] – died [[7 April]], [[1968]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Formula One]] (F1) [[Auto racing|racing driver]]. Twice World Champion, he was the dominant driver of his era.
'''Jim''' (or '''Jimmy''') '''Clark [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]]''' (born [[March 4]], [[1936]] – died [[April 7]], [[1968]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Formula One]] (F1) [[Auto racing|racing driver]] considered by many experts, such like the great Juan Manuel Fangio, as the best and most natural gifted driver in motor sport history.

Fangio said about Clark in 1968 and again in 1995, shortly before his own death: "In my opinion, Jim Clark was by a league the greatest racing driver ever".

Colin Chapman: "He was a complete genius. The ultimate driver." Dick Scammel (Team Lotus Chief Mechanic) in 2004: "He was by light years the best." A.J. Foyt, the Indy-Legend: "He was a phantastic driver. I never saw a better one."

Clark was the idol of many Grand Prix Drivers, Jochen Rindt ("He was a giant:I wish I could drive like Jim"), Emerson Fittipaldi, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna (hold a speech in Clark`s Loretto school in Edinburgh, visit the Clark Room in Duns)and countless others.


== Early years ==
He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, [[Fife]], the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In [[1942]] the family moved to Edington Mains Farm near the town of [[Duns]] in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in [[Chirnside]], and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near [[Edinburgh]] he was sent to [[Loretto School]] in [[Musselburgh]], near [[Edinburgh]].
He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, [[Fife]], the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In [[1942]] the family moved to Edington Mains Farm near the town of [[Duns]] in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in [[Chirnside]], and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near [[Edinburgh]] he was sent to [[Loretto School]] in [[Musselburgh]], near [[Edinburgh]].


Line 34: Line 36:
Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a [[Lotus Elite]], he finished second to [[Colin Chapman]]. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a run in one of his Formula Junior cars, and the rest, as they say is history.
Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a [[Lotus Elite]], he finished second to [[Colin Chapman]]. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a run in one of his Formula Junior cars, and the rest, as they say is history.


==Clark and Lotus==
===Clark and Lotus===
[[Image:ClarkJim-Lotus19620805.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Jim Clark in German GP 1962]]
After [[Aston Martin]]'s F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the 1960 [[Dutch Grand Prix]]. Throughout his F1 career from [[1960]] to [[1968]] Clark drove only for the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling [[Graham Hill]] who drove for [[BRM]] for the [[World Championship]] in Chapman's brilliant [[Lotus 25]], but in the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality.


After [[Aston Martin]]'s F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the 1960 [[Dutch Grand Prix]]. Clark and Lotus were synonymous: Throughout his F1 career from [[1960]] to [[1968]] Clark drove only for the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling [[Graham Hill]] who drove for [[BRM]] for the [[World Championship]] in Chapman's brilliant [[Lotus 25]], but in the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality.
His first Drivers' [[World Championship]] came driving the Lotus 25 in [[1963]], winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the [[1963 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner [[Parnelli Jones]]' car prevented him from winning, as he finished in second position and won Rookie of the Year honours. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to [[John Surtees]]. Tyre failure put paid to that year's attempt at the [[1964 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]]. He made amends and won the Championship again in [[1965]] and also the [[1965 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] in the [[Lotus 38]]. He had to miss the prestigious [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first [[mid-engined]] car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year.
[[Image:ClarkJim1965mitMechaniker.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Jim Clark at the Nürburgring 1965]]
At the same time, Clark was competing in the [[Australasia]] based [[Tasman]] series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won 14 races in all, a record for the series.


His first Drivers' [[World Championship]] came driving the Lotus 25 in [[1963]], winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the [[1963 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner [[Parnelli Jones]]' car prevented him from winning. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to [[John Surtees]]. Tyre failure put paid to that year's attempt at the [[1964 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]]. He made amends and won the Championship again in [[1965]] and also the [[1965 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] in the [[Lotus 38]]. He had to miss the prestigious [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first [[mid-engined]] car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year.
The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine [[Formula One regulations#History|regulations]] would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre [[Coventry-Climax]] engine in the [[Lotus 33]], Clark did not score points until the [[1966 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] and a third-place at the following [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]]. From the [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onward Lotus used the more complex [[BRM]] H16 engine in the [[Lotus 43]] car, with which Clark won the [[1966 United States Grand Prix|United States Grand Prix]]. He also picked up another second-place finish at the [[1966 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]], this time behind [[Graham Hill]].


At the same time, Clark was competing in the [[Australasia]] based [[Tasman]] series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won 14 races in all, a record for the series.
During [[1967]] Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus 43 performed poorly at the opening [[1967 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], retiring with [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with [[Ford-Cosworth]]. Their first car, the [[Lotus 49]] featuring the most successful [[List of Formula One engines|F1 engine]] in history, the [[Ford-Cosworth DFV]], won its first race at the [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], driven by Clark. He won with it again at the [[1967 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1967 United States Grand Prix|United States]] and [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]] Grands Prix; and, in January [[1968]], at the [[1968 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]]. He had established himself as the dominant driver in the dominant car, save for its reliability.


The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine [[Formula One regulations#History|regulations]] would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre [[Coventry-Climax]] engine in the [[Lotus 33]], Clark did not score points until the [[1966 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] and a third-place at the following [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]]. From the [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onward Lotus used the more complex [[BRM]] H16 engine in the [[Lotus 43|Lotu-BRM 43]] car, with which Clark won the [[1966 United States Grand Prix|United States Grand Prix]].
== Remarkable performances ==
Jim Clark's [[1967 Italian Grand Prix]] drive in Monza is regarded one of the greatest drives ever in F1. After starting from pole, he was leading in his Lotus 49 (chassis R2), when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the wheel changed in the pits. After rejoining 16th, Clark then showed his genius by driving at his own limit, something which was not required when leading. He ripped back through the field, progressively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28.5s (233.9 km/h), to regain the lost lap and the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtees starting the last lap, but his car had not been filled with enough fuel for such a performance - it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line in third place. This performance is considered unmatched in the long history of F1.


During [[1967]] Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus-BRM 43 performed poorly at the opening [[1967 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], retiring with [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with [[Ford-Cosworth]]. Their first car, the [[Lotus 49]] featuring the most successful [[List of Formula One engines|F1 engine]] in history, the [[Ford-Cosworth DFV]], won its first race at the [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], driven by Clark. He won with it again at the [[1967 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1967 United States Grand Prix|United States]] and [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]] Grands Prix; and, in [[1968]], at the [[1968 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]]. He had established himself as the dominant driver in the dominant car.
Other examples for his skills are his drive in a Lotus 23 sportscar during the 1962 [[1000km Nürburgring]] race or the qualifying for the [[1967 German Grand Prix]], when he took pole position by nine seconds and more.


Jim Clark`s unrewarded Italian Grand Prix 1967 at Monza was the greatest drive ever in F1. After starting from pole, Jim was leading in his regular Lotus 49 R2. He was leading the race when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the weel changed in the pits and rejoined 16th. Now Clark showed his incredible genius; for the crowd on this rare occasion, to see the man at his own limit.
The 14.2-mile [[Nürburgring]]-Nordschleife circuit brought out the very best in Clark. In the 1962 1000km he drove the small Lotus 23, fitted with a 1500 cc Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine. On a patchily damp track, he outperformed the similar-powered [[Porsche 718]] and the more powerful cars from Ferrari, with drivers like [[Phil Hill]], [[Dan Gurney]] and [[Willy Mairesse]] at the wheel, and led with nearly 2 minutes outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he went off course into the bushes.
He ripped back through the field, progessively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28,5s, 233,898 km/h, and not only regained that whole lap but also the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtess starting the last lap, but his 49 failed to pick up its last dregs of fuel - it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line third.


This performance is until today unmatched in the long history of F1. Other examples for his unbelievable skills are the Nürburgring demonstrations in 1962 in a Lotus 23 sportscar during the 1000 km-Race or the qualifying for the German Grand Prix 1967, when he took pole position by nine seconds and more.
Jim Clark also raced at Crimond in the North East of Scotland on 16th June 1956 in his very first car race he was behind the wheel of a DKW "sonderklasse".


The 14.2-mile Nürburgring-Nordschleife circuit brought out the very best in Clark. In the 1962 Nürburgring 1000 km he drove the small Lotus 23, fitted with the 1500 cc Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine, only 110 b.h.p. He ran rings round all the big-class 2,5 liter and 4 liter cars from Ferrari with 270 b.h.p. (Dino 246 SP), 390 b.h.p. (330 GTO) and worldclass drivers like Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Willy Mairesse, Mike Parkes, Pedro Rodriguez, Lorenzo Bandini at the wheel on a patchily damp course and led with nearly 2 minutes (!) outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he was unable to correct one last slide in time to prevent the car clattering off course into the bushes.
Amazingly though, despite his mercurial talent, Clark never won at [[Monaco]]. He came close once in 1963 only to be stopped with 22 laps to go with a broken gearbox.


On [[April 7]] 1968, however, Jim Clark's life and driving career was brought to a premature and tragic end when, during a [[Formula 2]] race, his [[Lotus 48]] veered off the [[Hockenheimring]], [[Germany]] and crashed into trees. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate [[Graham Hill]].
==The fatal crash==
On [[7 April]] [[1968]], however, Jim Clark's life and driving career was brought to a premature and tragic end. He was originally slated to drive in the BOAC 1000km sportscar race at Brands Hatch but instead chose to drive in a minor Formula 2 race for Lotus at the [[Hockenheimring]] in [[Germany]], mostly due to contractual obligations with [[Firestone]]. On the fifth lap, his [[Lotus 48]] veered off the track and crashed into the trees, killing him instantly. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. Colin Chapman was devastated and publicly stated that he had lost his best friend. As a sign of respect, Chapman ordered the traditional green and yellow badge found on the nose of all Lotus road cars to be replaced with a black badge for a month following Clark's death. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate [[Graham Hill]], who pulled the heartbroken team together and held off [[Jackie Stewart]] for the crown, which he later dedicated to Clark.


==Legacy==
===Legacy===
Clark achieved 33 [[pole position]]s and won 25 races from his 72 Grands Prix starts in championship races. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a [[Lotus-Cortina]], with which he won the 1964 [[British Touring Car Championship]], [[Champ Car|IndyCar]], [[NASCAR]], driving a [[Ford Galaxie]] for the [[Holman Moody]] team, [[Rallying]], where he took part in the 1966 [[RAC Rally]] of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and [[sports car]]s. He competed in the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 Hour]] race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing 2nd in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing 3rd overall in 1960, driving an [[Aston Martin DBR1]].
Clark achieved 33 [[pole position]]s, 25 victories, 28 fastest laps, and 13 hattricks (!) (pole, fastest lap, victory in the same Grand Prix) from just 72 Grands Prix starts. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a [[Lotus-Cortina]], with which he won the 1964 [[British Touring Car Championship]], [[Champ Car|IndyCar]], [[NASCAR]], driving a [[Ford Galaxie]] for the [[Holman Moody]] team, [[Rallying]], where he took part in the 1966 [[RAC Rally]] of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and [[sports car]]s. He competed in the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 Hour]] race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing 2nd in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing 3rd overall in 1960, driving an [[Aston Martin DBR1]].
He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the [[Lotus 30]] and 40.


He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the [[Lotus 30]] and 40. Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was.
Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was.


He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told [[Dan Gurney]] that he was the only driver his son ever feared.<!--Source?--> When Clark died, fellow driver [[Chris Amon]] was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have?" <!--Source?-->
He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told [[Dan Gurney]] that he was the only driver his son ever feared.<!--Source?--> When Clark died, fellow driver [[Chris Amon]] was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have?".<!--Source?-->


Jim Clark is buried in the village of [[Chirnside]] in [[Berwickshire]]. A memorial stone can be found at the [[Hockenheimring]] circuit, moved from the site of his crash to a location closer to the current track.
Jim Clark is buried in the village of [[Chirnside]] in [[Berwickshire]].


===Awards===
==Complete Formula One results==
([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! Team
! WDC
! Points
|-
| [[1960 Formula One season|1960]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
| [[1960 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]<br><small></small>
| [[1960 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small>
| [[1960 Indianapolis 500|INDY]]<br><small></small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1960 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1960 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>5</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1960 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>5</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1960 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1960 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]<br><small>3</small>
| [[1960 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br><small></small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1960 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br><small>16</small>
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
! 10th
! 8
|-
| [[1961 Formula One season|1961]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small>10</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1961 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>3</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>12</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1961 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>3</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1961 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1961 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>4</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1961 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br><small>7</small>
|
|
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
! 7th
! 11
|-
| [[1962 Formula One season|1962]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>9</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>4</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''2nd'''
|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''30'''
|-
| [[1963 Formula One season|1963]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''[[1963 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>8</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1963 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[1963 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>2</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1963 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1963 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br><small>3</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''1st'''
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''63'''
|-
| [[1964 Formula One season|1964]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>4</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''[[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]'''<br /><small>7</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''<br /><small>5</small>
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''3rd'''
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''32'''
|-
| [[1965 Formula One season|1965]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1965 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
| [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1965 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1965 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1965 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1965 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1965 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''[[1965 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''<br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1965 United States Grand Prix|USA]] <br /><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1965 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''<br /><small>Ret</small>
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''1st'''
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''54'''
|-
| [[1966 Formula One season|1966]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1966 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="white"| [[1966 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>DNS</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1966 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>4</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>3</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1966 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1966 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br /><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|
|
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
! 6th
! 16
|-
| [[1967 Formula One season|1967]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]<br /><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]'''<br><small>6</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]'''<br><small>Ret</small>
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''[[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''<br /><small>3</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]] <br /><small>1</small>
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''<br /><small>1</small>
|
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''3rd'''
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''41'''
|-
| [[1968 Formula One season|1968]]
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''<br><small>1</small>
| [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small></small>
| [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br /><small></small>
| [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] <br /><small></small>
| [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]<br /><small></small>
| [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br /><small></small>
| [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]<br /><small></small>
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]
! 11th
! 9
|}

==Indy 500 results==
<table><tr valign=top>
<td>
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Year || Car <br> number || Start || Qual. <br>speed || Speed<br>rank || Finish || Laps<br>completed || Laps<br>led || Race<br>status|| Chassis *
|-
![[1963 Indianapolis 500|1963]]
| 92 || 5 || 149.750 || 7 ||2 || 200 || 28 || Running || 29/3
|-
![[1964 Indianapolis 500|1964]]
| 6 || 1 ||158.828 || 1 || 24 || 47 || 14 || Suspension || 34/3
|-
![[1965 Indianapolis 500|1965]]
| 82 || 2 || 160.729 || 2 || 1 || 200 || 190 || Running ||38/1
|-
![[1966 Indianapolis 500|1966]]
| 19 || 2 || 164.114 || 2 || 2 || 200 || 66 || Running ||38/4
|-
![[1967 Indianapolis 500|1967]]
| 31 || 16 || 163.213 || 23 || 31 || 35 || 0 || Piston || 38/7
|}
</td>
<td>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Starts
|5
|-
!Poles
|1
|-
!Front Row
|3
|-
!Wins
|1
|-
!Top 5
|3
|-
!Top 10
|3
|-
!Retired
|2
|}
</td>
</tr></table>

<nowiki>*</nowiki> All Lotus-Ford

*Clark's 1964 thru 1966 Indy starts represent the best 3-year starting streak of the 1960's.

==Awards==
*F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965
*F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965
*Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965
*Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965
*British Touring Car Championship Champion, 1964
*[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s [[Wide World of Sports (US TV series)|Wide World of Sports]] Athlete of The Year, 1965
*Tasman Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968
*[[British Touring Car Championship]] Champion, 1964
*Third place overall, 1960 Le Mans 24 Hours
*[[Tasman Series]] Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968

*Third place overall, [[1960 24 Hours of Le Mans]]
*He was inducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] in [[1990]].
*He was inducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] in [[1990]].
*He was inducted in the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] in 1990 in the open wheel class.
*He was inducted in the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] in 1990 in the open wheel class.
Line 320: Line 81:
*Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964
*Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964
*The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967
*The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967
*Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN 0-668-01842-9
*Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN 0668018429
*Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN 0-85059-730-7
*Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN 0850597307
*Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0-905138-77-5
*Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0905138775
*Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN 1-85260-144-2
*Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN 1852601442
*Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN 0-85429-982-3
*Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN 0854299823
*Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN 1-84425-029-6
*Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN 1844250296


== External links ==
== External links ==
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{{start box}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box|before=[[A. J. Foyt]]|title=[[List of Indianapolis 500 winners|Indianapolis 500 Winner]]|years=[[1965]]|after=[[Graham Hill]]}}
{{succession box|before=[[A. J. Foyt]]|title=[[Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500 Winner]]|years=[[1965]]|after=[[Graham Hill]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[Graham Hill]]|after= [[John Surtees]]|years=1963}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[Graham Hill]]|after= [[John Surtees]]|years=1963}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[John Surtees]]|after= [[Jack Brabham]]|years=1965}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[John Surtees]]|after= [[Jack Brabham]]|years=1965}}
{{succession box|title=[[BRDC International Trophy|BRDC International Trophy winner]] |before=[[Graham Hill]]|after=[[Jack Brabham]]|years=1963}}
{{end box}}
{{end box}}
{{Formula One World Drivers' Champions 1950-1969}}


[[Category:1936 births|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:1936 births|Clark, Jim]]
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[[Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Scottish racecar drivers|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Scottish racecar drivers|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:British Touring Car Championship drivers|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:BTCC drivers|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Old Lorettonians|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Old Lorettonians|Clark, Jim]]
[[Category:Berwickshire]]


[[bg:Джим Кларк]]
[[bg:Джим Кларк]]
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[[da:Jim Clark]]
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[[de:Jim Clark]]
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[[fr:Jim Clark]]
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[[id:Jim Clark]]
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[[it:Jim Clark]]
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[[ja:ジム・クラーク (レーサー)]]
[[ja:ジム・クラーク (レーサー)]]
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Revision as of 00:24, 16 December 2006

This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see James Clark.
Jim Clark
Formula One World Championship career
NationalityBritish
Active years1960 - 1968
TeamsLotus
Entries72
Championships2
Wins25
Podiums32
Pole positions33
Fastest laps28
First entry1960 Dutch Grand Prix
First win1962 Belgian Grand Prix
Last win1968 South African Grand Prix
Last entry1968 South African Grand Prix

Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE (born March 4, 1936 – died April 7, 1968) was a Scottish Formula One (F1) racing driver considered by many experts, such like the great Juan Manuel Fangio, as the best and most natural gifted driver in motor sport history.

Fangio said about Clark in 1968 and again in 1995, shortly before his own death: "In my opinion, Jim Clark was by a league the greatest racing driver ever".

Colin Chapman: "He was a complete genius. The ultimate driver." Dick Scammel (Team Lotus Chief Mechanic) in 2004: "He was by light years the best." A.J. Foyt, the Indy-Legend: "He was a phantastic driver. I never saw a better one."

Clark was the idol of many Grand Prix Drivers, Jochen Rindt ("He was a giant:I wish I could drive like Jim"), Emerson Fittipaldi, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna (hold a speech in Clark`s Loretto school in Edinburgh, visit the Clark Room in Duns)and countless others.

He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, Fife, the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In 1942 the family moved to Edington Mains Farm near the town of Duns in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in Chirnside, and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near Edinburgh he was sent to Loretto School in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh.

Although his parents were opposed to the idea, Clark started his racing career driving in local road rallies and hill climb events driving his own Sunbeam-Talbot, and proved to be a fearsome competitor right from the off. By 1958 Clark was racing for the local Border Reivers team, racing Jaguar D-Types and Porsches in national events, and winning 18 races.

Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a Lotus Elite, he finished second to Colin Chapman. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a run in one of his Formula Junior cars, and the rest, as they say is history.

Clark and Lotus

After Aston Martin's F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the 1960 Dutch Grand Prix. Clark and Lotus were synonymous: Throughout his F1 career from 1960 to 1968 Clark drove only for the Lotus team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling Graham Hill who drove for BRM for the World Championship in Chapman's brilliant Lotus 25, but in the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality.

His first Drivers' World Championship came driving the Lotus 25 in 1963, winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the Indianapolis 500 for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner Parnelli Jones' car prevented him from winning. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to John Surtees. Tyre failure put paid to that year's attempt at the Indianapolis 500. He made amends and won the Championship again in 1965 and also the Indianapolis 500 in the Lotus 38. He had to miss the prestigious Monaco Grand Prix in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first mid-engined car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year.

At the same time, Clark was competing in the Australasia based Tasman series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won 14 races in all, a record for the series.

The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine regulations would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre Coventry-Climax engine in the Lotus 33, Clark did not score points until the British Grand Prix and a third-place at the following Dutch Grand Prix. From the Italian Grand Prix onward Lotus used the more complex BRM H16 engine in the Lotu-BRM 43 car, with which Clark won the United States Grand Prix.

During 1967 Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus-BRM 43 performed poorly at the opening South African Grand Prix, so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following Monaco Grand Prix, retiring with suspension failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with Ford-Cosworth. Their first car, the Lotus 49 featuring the most successful F1 engine in history, the Ford-Cosworth DFV, won its first race at the Dutch Grand Prix, driven by Clark. He won with it again at the British, United States and Mexican Grands Prix; and, in 1968, at the South African Grand Prix. He had established himself as the dominant driver in the dominant car.

Jim Clark`s unrewarded Italian Grand Prix 1967 at Monza was the greatest drive ever in F1. After starting from pole, Jim was leading in his regular Lotus 49 R2. He was leading the race when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the weel changed in the pits and rejoined 16th. Now Clark showed his incredible genius; for the crowd on this rare occasion, to see the man at his own limit. He ripped back through the field, progessively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28,5s, 233,898 km/h, and not only regained that whole lap but also the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtess starting the last lap, but his 49 failed to pick up its last dregs of fuel - it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line third.

This performance is until today unmatched in the long history of F1. Other examples for his unbelievable skills are the Nürburgring demonstrations in 1962 in a Lotus 23 sportscar during the 1000 km-Race or the qualifying for the German Grand Prix 1967, when he took pole position by nine seconds and more.

The 14.2-mile Nürburgring-Nordschleife circuit brought out the very best in Clark. In the 1962 Nürburgring 1000 km he drove the small Lotus 23, fitted with the 1500 cc Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine, only 110 b.h.p. He ran rings round all the big-class 2,5 liter and 4 liter cars from Ferrari with 270 b.h.p. (Dino 246 SP), 390 b.h.p. (330 GTO) and worldclass drivers like Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Willy Mairesse, Mike Parkes, Pedro Rodriguez, Lorenzo Bandini at the wheel on a patchily damp course and led with nearly 2 minutes (!) outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he was unable to correct one last slide in time to prevent the car clattering off course into the bushes.

On April 7 1968, however, Jim Clark's life and driving career was brought to a premature and tragic end when, during a Formula 2 race, his Lotus 48 veered off the Hockenheimring, Germany and crashed into trees. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate Graham Hill.

Legacy

Clark achieved 33 pole positions, 25 victories, 28 fastest laps, and 13 hattricks (!) (pole, fastest lap, victory in the same Grand Prix) from just 72 Grands Prix starts. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a Lotus-Cortina, with which he won the 1964 British Touring Car Championship, IndyCar, NASCAR, driving a Ford Galaxie for the Holman Moody team, Rallying, where he took part in the 1966 RAC Rally of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and sports cars. He competed in the Le Mans 24 Hour race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing 2nd in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing 3rd overall in 1960, driving an Aston Martin DBR1. He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the Lotus 30 and 40.

Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was.

He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told Dan Gurney that he was the only driver his son ever feared. When Clark died, fellow driver Chris Amon was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have?".

Jim Clark is buried in the village of Chirnside in Berwickshire.

Awards

  • F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965
  • Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965
  • British Touring Car Championship Champion, 1964
  • Tasman Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968
  • Third place overall, 1960 Le Mans 24 Hours

Bibliography

  • Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964
  • The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967
  • Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN 0668018429
  • Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN 0850597307
  • Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0905138775
  • Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN 1852601442
  • Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN 0854299823
  • Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN 1844250296
Preceded by Indianapolis 500 Winner
1965 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Formula One World Champion
1963 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Formula One World Champion
1965 		Succeeded by
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