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List of people who descended to Challenger Deep

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The Challenger Deep (CD) is the deepest known point in the Earth's seabed hydrosphere, with depths exceeding 10,900 meters,[1] located in the Federated States of Micronesia.[2] In 2019, sonar mapping of Challenger Deep by the DSSV Pressure Drop, which employed a Kongsberg SIMRAD EM124 multi beam echosounder system, showed three 'pools' – Western, Central and Eastern – that comprised the bottom of Challenger Deep.[3]

Sonar mapping of the Challenger Deep by the DSSV Pressure Drop employing a Kongsberg SIMRAD EM124 multibeam echosounder system (26 April–4 May 2019)

In 1960, Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard were the first two individuals to reach Challenger Deep, completing that dive as a team.[4] James Cameron was the first person to solo Challenger Deep, 52 years later. Astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan and Mountaineer Vanessa O'Brien were the first two women to visit Challenger Deep in 2020.[5] Victor Vescovo has made the most dives to Challenger Deep; by March 2021 he had made nine dives to the Eastern pool, two to the Western pool and one to the Central pool for a total of 12 dives.[6]

The following is a list of individuals who have descended to Challenger Deep in the Federated States of Micronesia. These individuals will have descended at least 10,900 m (35,761 ft) into one of the three pools (western, central or eastern) that constitute Challenger Deep. [7][8]

Year Order Name Submersible Location Notes
1960 1st (tie)
United States

Switzerland

Trieste Western Pool World first; depth record
2012 3rd James Cameron Canada Deepsea Challenger Eastern Pool First solo
2019 4th Victor Vescovo United States Limiting Factor Eastern Pool Depth record; two solo dives
2019 5th (tie)
  • Patrick Lahey[9]
  • Jonathan Struwe[10]
 Canada

Germany

Limiting Factor Eastern Pool Deepest marine recovery
2019 7th John Ramsay[11] United Kingdom Limiting Factor Central Pool Limiting Factor's designer. Pilot: Lahey
2020[12] 8th Kathryn Sullivan United States Limiting Factor Eastern Pool First woman and first astronaut. Pilot: Vescovo
2020[13] 9th Vanessa O'Brien United StatesUnited Kingdom Limiting Factor Eastern Pool Second woman to Challenger Deep; first woman to Earth's highest and lowest points.[14][15] Pilot: Vescovo
2020 10th John Rost[16] United States Limiting Factor Eastern Pool Longest time at bottom: 4.2 hours. Pilot: Vescovo
2020 11th Kelly Walsh[17] United States Limiting Factor Western Pool Son of Don Walsh. First father and son. Pilot: Vescovo
2020 12th Ying-Tsong Lin[18] TaiwanUnited States Limiting Factor Central Pool First Asian. Pilot: Vescovo
2020 13th Jim Wigginton United States Limiting Factor Eastern Pool Oldest person. Pilot: Vescovo[19]
2020 14th (tie) 3 scientists China Fendouzhe (奋斗者, Striver) Unknown First PRC citizens (2 male, 1 female). Pilot: unknown[20][21][22]
2021 17th Richard Garriott United StatesUnited Kingdom Limiting Factor Eastern Pool First to both poles, space and Challenger Deep. First male astronaut to Challenger Deep. Pilot: Vescovo [23]
2021 18th Michael Dubno United States Limiting Factor Eastern Pool

Pilot: Vescovo[24][25]

2021 19th Hamish Harding United Kingdom Limiting Factor Eastern Pool

Pilot: Vescovo[26][better source needed]

2021 20th Nicole Yamase Federated States of Micronesia Limiting Factor Western Pool First local citizen. Pilot: Vescovo[27][better source needed]
2021 21st (tie)
  • Rob McCallum
  • Tim Macdonald
 New Zealand

Australia

Limiting Factor Western Pool First New Zealander[28] and first Australian.[28] Pilot: Macdonald[29]

References

  1. ^ Nakanishi, Masao; Hashimoto, Jun. "A precise bathymetric map of the world's deepest seafloor, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench" (PDF). Nagasaki University. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  2. ^ "Full Ocean Depth Submersible DNV-GL CERTIFICATION". The Five Deeps Expedition. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  3. ^ Nakanishi, Masao; Hashimoto, Jun. "A precise bathymetric map of the world's deepest seafloor, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench". Springer Nature. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  4. ^ Thornton, Stuart. "Unsinkable Don Walsh". National Geographic. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  5. ^ Clash, Jim. "Voyage To The Bottom Of The Earth". Forbes. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  6. ^ https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2020/11/american-explorer-plunges-to-new-lows-on-quest-to-visit-the-oceans-hidden-depths-638671
  7. ^ Amos, Jonathan. "Mariana Trench: Don Walsh's son repeats historic ocean dive". BBC. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  8. ^ "Caladan Oceanic Revisits Challenger Deep in Month-Long Dive Series". tritonsubs.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  9. ^ https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/expedition-team-makes-record-breaking-dive-bottom-mariana-trench
  10. ^ https://www.dnvgl.com/expert-story/maritime-impact/Dive-to-the-ultimate-abyss.html
  11. ^ https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/07/interview-john-ramsay-cto-triton-submarines/
  12. ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53008948
  13. ^ "Vanessa O'Brien: British-American explorer becomes first woman to reach Earth's highest and lowest points". Sky News. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  14. ^ "First woman to reach Earth's highest and lowest points". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  15. ^ "JANE WALKER BY JOHNNIE WALKER BRINGS TOGETHER NETWORK OF TRAILBLAZING 'FIRST WOMEN' TO CELEBRATE A YEAR OF WOMEN". Multi Vu. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  16. ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53112621
  17. ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2020/07/15/60-years-after-don-walsh-dove-to-earths-deepest-point-son-kelly-repeats-the-feat/?fbclid=IwAR0lIlAyoFRMjHwluOc6U_fdwqZvY82BTASqv7c2xQHTNIn3Dbmr9YXY3jI&sh=9011c5a121b3
  18. ^ https://www.whoi.edu/press-room/news-release/whoi-researcher-dives-to-challenger-deep/
  19. ^ https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2662/Mapping-the-bottom-of-the-sea
  20. ^ "Chinese submarine reaches the deepest place on Earth". interestingengineering.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  21. ^ "Chinese Submersible "Fendouzhe" Descended to Earth's Deepest Oceanic Trench". sciencetimes.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  22. ^ "Chinese Manned Submersible Reaches Deepest Part of Mariana Trench". interestingengineering.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  23. ^ "Astronaut-explorer sets records on dive to deepest point on Earth". collectspace.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  24. ^ "Astronaut-explorer sets records on dive to deepest point on Earth". collectspace.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  25. ^ VentureToTheDeep @ twitter
  26. ^ Hamish Harding @ facebook
  27. ^ Blue Prosperity Micronesia @ Facebook
  28. ^ a b "'The ANZAC Dive': Australian, New Zealander Dive To Challenger Deep - DeeperBlue.com". www.deeperblue.com. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  29. ^ "History-making 10.9km 'Anzac Dive' to the bottom of the Mariana Trench". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
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