Artificial intelligence art
Artificial intelligence Art refers to any artwork created through the use of artificial intelligence.
Tools and processes
There are many mechanisms for creating AI art, including procedural 'rule-based' generation of images using mathematical patterns, algorithms which simulate brush strokes and other painted effects, and artificial intelligence or deep learning algorithms such as generative adversarial networks and transformers.
One of the first significant AI art systems is AARON, developed by Harold Cohen beginning in the late 1960s.[1][2]
Since their design in 2014, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are often used by AI artists. This system uses a "generator" to create new images and a "discriminator" to decide which created images are considered successful.[3]
DeepDream, released by Google in 2015, is one of the more well-known AI art tools. DeepDream uses a convolutional neural network to find and enhance patterns in images via algorithmic pareidolia, thus creating a dream-like psychedelic appearance in the deliberately over-processed images.[4][5][6]
OpenAI released a series of images in January 2021 created using one of its algorithms "DALL-E". The program can use AI to generate a variety of drawings and pictures based on various text prompts.[7]
Botto is a generative art project with the aim of creating a fully autonomous artist governed by community members.[6] Botto's art engine is the creation of Mario Klingemann, who also currently maintains it. Botto pieces selected by the community are put up for auction to support the project. Its first piece was auctioned on SuperRare on October 23, 2021 and sold for $324,000.
Sales
An auction sale of artificial intelligence art was held at Christie's Auction House in New York in 2018, where the AI artwork Edmond de Belamy sold for $432,500, which was almost 45 times higher than its estimate of $7,000-$10,000. The artwork was created by "Obvious", a Paris-based collective.[8][9][10][11]
References
- ^ Boden, Margaret A. (August 1, 1998). "Creativity and artificial intelligence". Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 40 years later. 103 (1): 347–356. doi:10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00055-1. ISSN 0004-3702.
- ^ Cohen, Harold (July 1, 2015). "Toward Diaper-Free Autonomy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- ^ Goodfellow, Ian; Pouget-Abadie, Jean; Mirza, Mehdi; Xu, Bing; Warde-Farley, David; Ozair, Sherjil; Courville, Aaron; Bengio, Yoshua (2014). Generative Adversarial Nets (PDF). Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2014). pp. 2672–2680.
- ^ Mordvintsev, Alexander; Olah, Christopher; Tyka, Mike (2015). "DeepDream - a code example for visualizing Neural Networks". Google Research. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015.
- ^ Mordvintsev, Alexander; Olah, Christopher; Tyka, Mike (2015). "Inceptionism: Going Deeper into Neural Networks". Google Research. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015.
- ^ a b Szegedy, Christian; Liu, Wei; Jia, Yangqing; Sermanet, Pierre; Reed, Scott; Anguelov, Dragomir; Erhan, Dumitru; Vanhoucke, Vincent; Rabinovich, Andrew (2014). "Going Deeper with Convolutions". Computing Research Repository. arXiv:1409.4842. Bibcode:2014arXiv1409.4842S.
- ^ "Here's DALL-E: An algorithm learned to draw anything you tell it". NBC News. January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ "Is artificial intelligence set to become art's next medium?". Christie's. December 12, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ "Portrait by AI program sells for $432,000". BBC News. October 25, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ Cohn, Gabe (October 25, 2018). "AI Art at Christie's Sells for $432,500". New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ Cohn, Gabe (October 22, 2018). "Up for Bid, AI Art Signed 'Algorithm'". New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2019.