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The Anglo-Norman Dictionary (AND) is the authoritative dictionary of the Anglo-Norman language,[1] defined as the form of medieval French that is attested from the British Isles (England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland) between 1066 (the Norman Conquest) and the end of the fifteenth century.

Entries of the AND are referenced in academic publications[2][3][4][5], research projects (such as the Lexis of Cloth and Clothing project at Manchester University[6] or the editions of Walter of Bibbesworth's Tretiz produced by the Learning French in Medieval England project at the University of Exter[7]), and the main historical or medieval dictionaries, being the Oxford English Dictionary (UK)[8], the Middle English Dictionary (USA), the Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (France) (which provides links between its entries and relevant AND entries)[9] and the Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français (Germany)[10][11]. In 2011 the dictionary as a whole was awarded the Prix Honoré Chavée by The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in France.[12]

First, Second and On-line edition

The Anglo-Norman dictionary project started in the 1940s and the First Edition was published in fascicles between 1977 and 1992 by the Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA).[13]  A greatly expanded Second Edition was begun in the mid 1990s, with A-E published in two volumes in 2005[14].

In 2001 a digital version of the dictionary was created by Michael Beddow, combining the material of A-E the Second edition with that of F-Z in the First Edition. The AND site, originally under the name of Anglo-Norman Hub, provides full and free access to the dictionary as well as to some additional resources (see below). It was opened to the public in July 2007.[15]

Funded by several Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) grants since 2003[16], the revision (Second Edition) of the Anglo-Norman Dictionary remains a continuing project, gradually replacing sections of the alphabet with updated version. The results are published by Aberystwyth University in yearly or biyearly sections of one letter of the alphabet at the time. Most recently, the revised versions of S and Z were published (2021)[17], and the editorial team is working towards the completion of the Second Edition by 2025.[18]

The nature and scope of the Second Edition has expanded over the years, with a much greater level of detail in individual entries and an increasing number of Anglo-Norman source texts now included. In a major shift, the Anglo-Norman Dictionary (originally created as a semantic dictionary only) became a historical dictionary in 2017-21, through a process of adding dates to all illustrative citations and presenting them in chronological order, in combination with an identification of the earliest attestation of every word and/or sense.[19]

Additional AND resources

The AND website provides access to further freely accessible materials that are relevant for the dictionary or for Anglo-Norman studies in general. These include a basic introduction to several elements of the Anglo-Norman language; a searchable Textbase of 77 Anglo-Norman texts in a variety of literary and non-literary genres; a Bibliography of all primary sources in Anglo-Norman; and a selection of publications by the AND editorial team (articles, editions and manuscript transcriptions) as well as lectures by visiting scholars.

Editorial team

The current editorial team consists of Geert De Wilde (editor and project leader), Heather Pagan (editor), Delphine Demelas (editor) and Brian Aitken (system developer and technical consultant).[20]

Former project members include William Rothwell (general editor 1963-2013), David Trotter (chief editor 1986-2015), Timothy Reid (editor 1973-81), Louise Stone (editor 1947-73) and numerous othe contributors.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lodge, Anthony (2010). "Review: Anglo-Norman Dictionary. Second Edition. A-C & D-E". French Studies. 64 (1): 74–75.
  2. ^ "Anglo-Norman Text Society | Promoting the study of Anglo-Norman language and literature since 1937". Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  3. ^ Durkin, Philip; Durkin, Philip (2015-04-02). Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Part V: Borrowing from French and Latin in Middle English. ISBN 978-0-19-873649-3.
  4. ^ Code-Switching in Early English. De Gruyter Mouton. 2011-11-30. doi:10.1515/9783110253368. ISBN 978-3-11-025336-8.
  5. ^ Ingham, Richard P. (2012). The transmission of Anglo-Norman : language history and language acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Company. ISBN 978-90-272-7334-5. OCLC 813987995.
  6. ^ "Dictionaries - Lexis Project - The University of Manchester". lexisproject.arts.manchester.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  7. ^ "Learning French in Medieval England".
  8. ^ "Home : Oxford English Dictionary". www.oed.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  9. ^ "DMF: Réseau de liens".
  10. ^ "DEAF - Bibliographie". www.deaf-page.de. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  11. ^ Thomas Städtler, 'Le traitement des anglo-normandismes dans le Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF)', Present and future research in Anglo-Norman, Aberyswyth Colloquium, July 2011, David Trotter (ed.), Aberyswyth 2012, pp. 179-85.
  12. ^ "Palmarès". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 155 (4): 1647–1653. 2011.
  13. ^ Anglo-Norman dictionary. Louise W. Stone, William Rothwell, Modern Humanities Research Association, Anglo-Norman Text Society. London: Modern Humanities Research Association. 1977-<1992>. ISBN 0-900547-47-2. OCLC 4640730. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. ^ Anglo-Norman dictionary. Stewart Gregory, William Rothwell, D. A. Trotter, Michael Beddow, Modern Humanities Research Association (2nd ed.). London: Maney Publishing for the Modern Humanities Research Association. 2005. ISBN 1-904350-39-9. OCLC 64220343.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ^ "Anglo-Norman Dictionary: history".
  16. ^ "Anglo-Norman Dictionary Project : Department of Modern Languages , Aberystwyth University". www.aber.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  17. ^ "Anglo-Norman Dictionary: history".
  18. ^ "UK Research and Innovation: AND AHRC Funding T-Z".
  19. ^ "Anglo-Norman Dictionary: history".
  20. ^ "Anglo-Norman Dictionary: project members".
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