2023 Pacific hurricane season
2023 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
![]() Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 27, 2023 |
Last system dissipated | Season ongoing |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Dora |
• Maximum winds | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 942 mbar (hPa; 27.82 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 6 |
Total storms | 5 |
Hurricanes | 4 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 2 |
Total fatalities | 1 total |
Total damage | Unknown |
Related articles | |
The 2023 Pacific hurricane season is the current Pacific hurricane season in the Northern Hemisphere. It officially began on May 15 in the eastern Pacific (east of 140°W), and on June 1 in the central Pacific (from 140°W to the International Date Line); it will end in both on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical cyclogenesis occurs in these regions of the Pacific.[1] There was no tropical cyclone activity in the basin for the first six weeks of the season, making this one of the latest-starting seasons on record. When the first system, Hurricane Adrian, developed on June 27, it became the second-latest forming first named storm on record in the eastern Pacific (since 1970), behind only Tropical Storm Agatha in 2016.[2]
Seasonal forecasts
Record | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average (1991–2020): | 15 | 8 | 4 | [3] | |
Record high activity: | 1992: 27 | 2015: 16 | 2015: 11 | [4] | |
Record low activity: | 2010: 8 | 2010: 3 | 2003: 0 | [4] | |
Date | Source | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref |
May 4, 2023 | SMN | 16–22 | 7–11 | 3–5 | [5] |
May 25, 2023 | NOAA | 14–20 | 7–11 | 4–8 | [6] |
Area | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | |
Actual activity: | EPAC | 5 | 4 | 2 | |
Actual activity: | CPAC | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Actual combined activity: | 5 | 4 | 2 |
In advance of each Pacific hurricane season, forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center and Mexico's the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). They include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA, the average eastern Pacific hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 15 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, with a near-normal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index between 80 and 115.[6] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h). NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[3]
On May 4, 2023, SMN issued its forecast for the season, forecasting a total of 16–22 named storms developing, with 7–11 hurricanes, and 3–5 major hurricanes.[5] Factors they expected to increase activity were above-average sea surface temperatures across the eastern Pacific and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remaining in the neutral phase, with the possibility of a strong El Niño developing. On May 25, 2023, NOAA issued their outlook, calling for an above-normal season with 14–20 named storms overall, 7–11 hurricanes, 4–8 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 90% to 155% of the median.[6]
Seasonal summary
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/d5gcjbtv4hswykix5imc0uuxbxlvnzm.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Adrian_and_Beatriz_2023-06-29_2220Z.jpg/200px-Adrian_and_Beatriz_2023-06-29_2220Z.jpg)
The first several weeks of this Eastern Pacific hurricane season were quiet, as the first system, Hurricane Adrian, did not develop until June 27. Typically, the first named storm forms around June 10.[7] Two days later, as Adrian moved out into the open Pacific, Hurricane Beatriz formed near and tracked parallel to the Mexican coast.[8] Next came Hurricane Calvin, which formed off the southwestern coast of Mexico during the second week of July and became the first major hurricane of the season as it moved steadily west-northwestward toward Hawaii.[9] Hurricane Dora ushered in August by rapidly intensifying to a Category 4 hurricane which moved out to sea south of Hawaii. Another early August system, Tropical Storm Eugene, formed and remained off the coast of Mexico.
This season's ACE index as of 15:00 UTC on August 9, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the NHC, is approximately 64.6 units.[10] This number represents sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000. Therefore, tropical depressions are not included.[3]
Systems
Hurricane Adrian
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 27 – July 2 |
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Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); 970 mbar (hPa) |
On June 23, a broad area of low pressure formed off the coast of southern Mexico, in an area which the NHC had for several days been monitoring for potential tropical development.[11] The disturbance quickly became better organized on June 27, and advisories were initiated on Tropical Storm Adrian at 21:00 UTC that same day.[12] Adrian strengthened rapidly, and became the season's first hurricane at 15:00 UTC on June 28, while located about 360 mi (580 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[13] It then reached Category 2 hurricane status on June 30, with the hurricane maintaining a distinct eye surrounded by a ring of −70 °C (−95 °F) convection on satellite.[14] Adrian reached maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) that day,[15] before entering an environment of stronger wind shear and cool sea surface temperatures, causing it to weaken to a tropical storm the next day. Adrian weakened to a tropical depression early on July 2,[16] and degenerated into a remnant low later that day.[17]
Hurricane Beatriz
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 29 – July 1 |
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Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 992 mbar (hPa) |
An area of low pressure formed near the southwest coast of Costa Rica on June 25.[18] Slow to organize, the disturbance ultimately able to do so, becoming Tropical Depression Two‑E at 09:00 UTC on June 29.[19] Later, at 21:00 UTC, the depression became Tropical Storm Beatriz while located about 105 mi (170 km) south-southwest of Punta Maldonado, Guerrero.[20] Paralleling the coast, Beatriz was upgraded to a hurricane at 15:00 UTC the next day and soon attained peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). An eye began to appear on satellite around this time.[21] However, since Beatriz's circulation was severely disrupted by land interaction, the system weakened to a tropical storm early on July 1,[22] and Beatriz dissipated later that day just offshore from Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco.[23]
Due to the threat the developing system posed to southwestern Mexico, the NHC initiated advisories on it early on June 29, designating it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two‑E.[24] One person drowned in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, on July 1, while surfing the high waves generated by Beatriz' remnants.[25]
Hurricane Calvin
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 11 – July 19 |
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Peak intensity | 125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min); 955 mbar (hPa) |
An area of low pressure formed off the coast of Southern Mexico on July 7.[26] The disturbance became better organized over the course of several days, and developed a well-defined center on the afternoon of July 11, becoming Tropical Depression Three-E.[27] By early the next day, the depression had begun developing a central dense overcast, and exhibiting banding features, and so was upgraded with the 09:00 UTC advisory, becoming Tropical Storm Calvin.[28] Calvin moved westward out to sea within a favorable environment with low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, and was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane at 15:00 UTC on July 13.[29] It then rapidly intensified and became the season's first major hurricane at 15:00 UTC on July 14. It had a well-defined 17-mile-wide (28 km) eye at the time, with a pronounced ring of deep convection surrounding it.[30] A weakening trend began later that day, and by early on July 16, the system had fallen to tropical storm strength.[31] Still moving generally westward, the storm crossed the 140th meridian at around 15:00 UTC on July 17, thus entering the central Pacific basin; its sustained winds at the time were near 50 mph (85 km/h).[32] Then, early on July 19, Calvin passed just south of the Island of Hawaiʻi.[33] Weakened by the close encounter with land, the storm began losing its tropical characteristics. Calvin became post-tropical by 21:00 UTC on July 19.[34]
As Calvin approached Hawaii, a tropical storm watch was issued for Hawaii County on the morning of July 17;[35] this was upgraded to a tropical storm warning later that evening.[36] A state of emergency was declared by Hawaii governor Josh Green on July 18,[37] and a team from the Federal Emergency Management Agency was deployed to the state to assist with preparations.[38] All state parks on the Big Island, as well as most of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, were shut beginning the afternoon of July 18, while public schools were closed for the whole of July 19.[39] Hawaiian Airlines, during July 19–20, offered rescheduled flights to its passengers between Hilo and Kona, for free.[40] Eight emergency shelters were opened across the county on July 18.[41] Calvin caused no significant damage; according to Governor Green and Mayor of Hawaii County Mitch Roth, only minor flooding occurred in flood-prone areas of the Big Island.[42] Rainfall reached up to 7.24 in (184 mm) at Honolii Stream, while peak gusts of 72 mph (116 km/h) and 70 mph (113 km/h) were recorded on the summits of Haleakalā and Mauna Kea, respectively.[43]
Tropical Depression Four-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 21 – July 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
A broad low pressure area associated with a tropical wave formed south of the coast of southwestern Mexico on July 17.[44] The disturbance became better organized by July 21, and at 09:00 UTC, Tropical Depression Four-E formed southwest of the Baja California peninsula.[45] Later that day, the depression's structure began deteriorating. It soon lost all of its deep convection, and, by 15:00 UTC on July 22, had degenerated into a remnant low.[46]
Hurricane Dora
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A tropical wave which the NHC had been monitoring for several days crossed over Central America into the Eastern Pacific on July 29, off the coast of El Salvador, producing a large area of rain and thunderstorms amid a favorable environment.[47] The system became better organized on July 31, and Tropical Depression Five‑E developed that afternoon.[48] Deep convection increased within the depression, and it strengthened into Tropical Storm Dora early the following day.[49] During August 2–3, Dora rapidly intensified to Category 4 strength, far to the southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Then, after undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle,[50] and weakening to a Category 3, it re-intensified to Category 4, with sustained winds reaching 140 mph (220 km/h) early on August 4. Later that day and into the next, the system weakened to Category 2, with winds dropping to 105 mph (165 km/h), before rebounding. Dora reached Category 4 for a third time on August 5.[51] With that, Dora acquired annular traits,[52] displaying a symmetric 17-mile-wide (28 km) eye, surrounded by a thick ring of intense thunderstorm activity, wrapped within bands of showers and thunderstorms revolving around its core.[53] At 15:00 UTC the next day, Dora, packing sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and moving toward the west at 21 mph (33 km/h), crossed over into the Central Pacific basin.[54] Dora remained on a generally westward track and continued to display annular characteristics on August 8, as it passed far to the south of the Island of Hawaiʻi.[55][56]
Though Dora did not pose a direct threat to the Hawaiian Islands, the National Weather Service in Honolulu did issue numerous weather warnings and advisories, especially red flag warnings, for portions of the various islands in expectation of it helping enhance trade winds in conjunction with an ongoing drought.[57] A steep pressure gradient between a strong anticyclone to the north of Hawaii and Dora to the south produced incredibly strong gradient winds over the islands which in turn helped cause the 2023 Hawaii wildfires.[58]
Current storm information
As of 11:00 a.m. HST (21:00 UTC) August 8, Hurricane Dora is located within 15 nautical miles of 11°30′N 158°06′W / 11.5°N 158.1°W, about 675 mi (1,085 km) south of Honolulu, Hawaii, and about 845 mi (1,360 km) east-southeast of Johnston Island. Maximum sustained winds are 130 mph (215 km/h), with gusts up to 160 mph (260 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 953 mbar (28.14 inHg), and the system is moving west at 23 mph (37 km/h). Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical storm-force winds extend outward up to 115 miles (185 km).
For the latest official information, see:
- The CPHC's latest public advisory on Hurricane Dora
- The CPHC's latest forecast advisory on Hurricane Dora
- The CPHC's latest forecast discussion on Hurricane Dora
Tropical Storm Eugene
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 5 – August 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 992 mbar (hPa) |
On August 2, the NHC first noted a tropical wave located just to the south of Guatemala, which was anticipated to produce an area of low pressure. A low-pressure area developed as predicted late the next day as the wave passed southwest of Mexico.[59] The low showed signs of organization over the following days, and around 15:00 UTC on August 5 the disturbance developed into Tropical Depression Six-E.[60] Moving northwestward near the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, the cyclone began a quick strengthening trend, becoming Tropical Storm Eugene six hours later.[61] Early on August 6, what appeared on satellite imagery to be a possible eye feature was observed at the center of the storm, but soon deteriorated; Eugene's sustained winds reached 70 mph (110 km/h) at that time.[62] Later, Eugene moved over cold water west of the Baja California peninsula where its diminishing thunderstorm activity ceased, and it transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on the afternoon of August 7.
Storm names
The following list of names is being used for named storms that form in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W during 2023. This is the same list used in the 2017 season. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2024. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2029 season.[63][64]
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For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.[63] The following four names are next on list for use.
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Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident) but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 2023 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adrian | June 27 – July 2 | Category 2 hurricane | 105 (170) | 970 | Revillagigedo Islands | None | None | |||
Beatriz | June 29 – July 1 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 (140) | 992 | Western Mexico | Minimal | 1 | [25] | ||
Calvin | July 11–19 | Category 3 hurricane | 125 (205) | 955 | Hawaiʻi Island, Hawaii | Minimal | None | |||
Four-E | July 21–22 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Dora | July 31–Present | Category 4 hurricane | 145 (230) | 942 | None | None | None | |||
Eugene | August 5–7 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 992 | Southern Baja California peninsula | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
6 systems | June 27 – Season ongoing | 145 (230) | 942 | Minimal | 1 |
See also
- Weather of 2023
- Tropical cyclones in 2023
- 2023 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2023 Pacific typhoon season
- 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
References
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- ^ Donegan, Brian (June 26, 2023). "Eastern Pacific could spawn first 2 tropical storms this week after unusually quiet start to hurricane season". FOX Weather. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
- ^ a b c "Background Information: Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. May 14, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
- ^ a b "Northeast Pacific Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ a b "Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales 2023" [Tropical Cyclone Season 2023] (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
- ^ a b c "NOAA 2023 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook". Climate Prediction Center. May 25, 2023. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- ^ Wulfeck, Andrew (June 27, 2023). "Eastern Pacific produces first tropical storm of year during potentially busy El Nino pattern". FOX Weather. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ^ Bellesless, Jonathan (June 30, 2023). "Hurricane Warning Issued Along Mexico's Pacific Coast For Beatriz". The Weather Channel. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
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- ^ Berg, Robbie (June 28, 2023). Hurricane Adrian Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (June 30, 2023). Hurricane Adrian Discussion Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
- ^ Hurricane Specialist Unit (July 1, 2023). Monthly Tropical Weather Summary (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (July 2, 2023). Tropical Depression Adrian Advisory Number 19 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (July 2, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Adrian Discussion Number 21 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
- ^ Beven, Jack (June 25, 2023). Seven-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- ^ Beven, Jack (June 29, 2023). Tropical Depression Two-E Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (June 29, 2023). Tropical Storm Beatriz Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (June 30, 2023). Hurricane Beatriz Discussion Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (July 1, 2023). Tropical Storm Beatriz Discussion Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (July 1, 2023). Remnants Of Beatriz Special Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (June 28, 2023). Potential Tropical Cyclone Two-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ a b ""Beatriz" deja un muerto, cortes de energía e inundaciones en Mazatlán" ["Beatriz" leaves a dead man, power outages and floods in Mazatlan] (in Spanish). Expreso. July 1, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (July 7, 2023). Seven-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry; Cangialosi, John (July 11, 2023). Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (July 12, 2023). Tropical Storm Calvin Discussion Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry; Berg, Robbie (July 13, 2023). Hurricane Calvin Discussion Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (July 14, 2023). Hurricane Calvin Discussion Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ Gabriel, Angeli; Barker, Aaron; Wulfeck, Andrew; Donegan, Brian (July 16, 2023). "Calvin weakens to tropical storm in Eastern Pacific before impacting Hawaii this week". FOX Weather. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ Houston, Sam (July 17, 2023). Tropical Storm Calvin Discussion Number 24 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ Powell, Jeff (July 19, 2023). Tropical Storm Calvin Discussion Number 31 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Birchard, Tom (July 19, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Calvin Advisory Number 33 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Houston, Sam (July 17, 2023). Tropical Storm Calvin Advisory Number 24 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Kodama, Kevin (July 17, 2023). Tropical Storm Calvin Advisory Number 24 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Shackelford, Robert; Elamroussi, Aya (July 19, 2023). "Hawaii governor declares state of emergency as Tropical Storm Calvin threatens to deliver strong winds, rain". WPTZ Burlington. CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Dowd, Eddie (July 19, 2023). "FEMA team arrives in Hawaii as state prepares to respond to Calvin's impacts". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "Big Island schools, parks, more to close as Calvin threatens". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "Hawaiian Airlines offers Big Island travel waiver due to Calvin". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "LIST: Schools, parks closed as Hurricane Calvin takes aim at Hawaii Island". Hawaii News Now. July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "Calvin now a post-tropical cyclone as it passes far south of Hawaii". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ McAvoy, Audrey; Thiessen, Mark (July 20, 2023). "Tropical Storm Calvin passes over Hawaii and leaves minor flooding in its wake". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (July 17, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (July 21, 2023). Tropical Depression Four-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry; Brown, Daniel (July 22, 2023). Tropical Depression Four-E Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (July 29, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (July 31, 2023). Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ Pasch, Richard (August 1, 2023). Tropical Storm Dora Discussion Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ Beven, Jack (August 3, 2023). Hurricane Dora Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (August 3, 2023). "'Clash of the titans': Hurricane forecasters lay odds on an epic battle". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (August 5, 2023). Hurricane Dora Discussion Number 23 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
- ^ Hobgood, Jay (August 5, 2023). "Hurricane Dora Strengthens Back to Cat. 4". weatherusa.net. Columbus, Ohio. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Barker, Aaron; Oberholtz, Chris; Yablonski, Steven; Brinkmann, Heather (August 6, 2023). "Hurricane Dora climbs back to Category 4 as it spins south of Hawaii in central Pacific". FOX Weather. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ^ Jelsema, Jon (August 8, 2023). Hurricane Dora Discussion Number 33 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Dora remains Category 4 hurricane as passes south of Hawaiʻi Island, bringing high winds, surf, fire hazards". Big Island Now. August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Hurricane Dora passing south of Hawaii". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Sangal, Aditi; Levenson, Eric; Vogt, Adrienne (August 9, 2023). "Wildfires burning across Maui prompt evacuations". CNN. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (August 3, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ^ Beven, Jack (August 5, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ^ Roberts, Dave (August 5, 2023). Tropical Storm Eugene Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ^ Blake, Eric (August 6, 2023). Tropical Storm Eugene Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Names". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
- ^ Donegan, Brian (May 14, 2023). "Eastern Pacific hurricane season begins May 15: Here's what that means for the US". yahoo.com. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (website)
- Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (website, in Spanish)
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center (website)