Fest- und Gedenksprüche

*Fest- und Gedenksprüche*
Fest- und Gedenksprüche
Motets by Johannes Brahms
	The composer in 1885
English	Festival and Commemoration Sentences
Opus	109
Occasion	Honorary citizen of Hamburg ceremony
Text	Bible
Language	German
Composed	1888
Dedication	Carl Petersen
Performed	9 September 1889: Hamburg
Movements	three
Scoring	mixed double choir

Fest- und Gedenksprüche (Festival and Commemoration Sentences),^[1] Op. 109, is a cycle of three motets for mixed double choir by Johannes Brahms. He completed the work, setting biblical verses to music, in 1889 and dedicated it to Carl Petersen. It was published in 1890 by Simrock.

Its topic is related to the then-recent unification of Germany in 1871, and the music is suitable for commemorative national festivities.

History

Brahms composed the work in response to his recognition by the city of Hamburg as an honorary citizen.^[2] He chose biblical verses in the translation of Martin Luther, and began the composition for a mixed double choir a cappella^[3] in 1888. He dedicated the work to Carl Petersen, then the mayor of Hamburg.^[2]

The original titles of the three movements are:

Unsere Väter hofften auf dich
Wenn ein starker Gewappneter
Wo ist ein so herrlich Volk

The chosen biblical verses, Sprüche or dicta, are concerned with a people (Volk), its national culture, and tradition passed from fathers to sons. The topics matched the recent unification of Germany to an empire (Kaiserreich) in 1871, which led to festivities in the country. Brahms used a double chorus to illustrate both arguments and unification. His setting has been regarded as "an optimistic bulwark against the centrifugal antagonisms that would soon beset the young German nation".^[4]

The work was first performed in Hamburg on 9 September 1889 - with the aid of six brassplayers, three in each chorus (for the support of the alto-, tenor- and bass-singers) - for the ceremony of honorary citizenship by the Cäcilienverein, expanded to around 400 singers, conducted by Julius Spengel. The performance was part of the Musikfest in der Hamburgischen Gewerbe- und Industrieausstellung (Music festival in the Hamburg exposition of trades and industry).^[5] It was published by Simrock in February 1890. Performances in Germany followed at festivities commemorating the unified Germany.^[4]

Structure and music

The following table shows the incipit, the marking, key and time.

	Beginning of text	Translation	Biblical source	Marking	Key	Time
I	Unsere Väter hofften auf dich	In you our fathers trusted	Psalms 22:56 Psalms 29:11	Feierlich bewegt (Solemnly moving)	F major	³ ₄
II	Wenn ein starker Gewappneter	When a heavily armed man	Luke 11:21 Luke 11:17 Matthew 12:25	Lebhaft und entschlossen (Lively and determined)	C major
III	Wo ist ein so herrlich Volk	Where is there such a great nation	Deuteronomy 4:7,9	Froh bewegt (Joyfully moving)	F major

The first motet, "Unsere Väter hofften auf dich" ("In you our fathers trusted"), is marked Feierlich bewegt (solemnly moving). In triple time, it begins with the choir divided in two four-part groups in the way of Venetian polychoral music. The second choir begins, the first answers a measure later and in an embellished way. It ends in even time, in a passage of free counterpoint for all parts.^[1]

The middle motet, "Wenn ein starker Gewappneter" ("When a heavily armed man") is marked Lebhaft und entschlossen (lively and determined). It is a ternary form, with a beginning reminiscent of Handel. The middle section is set in C minor and illustrates dramatically the text "ein Haus fället" (a house falls).^[1]

The last motet, "Wo ist ein so herrlich Volk" ("Where is there such a great nation"), is marked Froh bewegt (joyfully moving) . It is set again in Venetian style, with terraced antiphonal singing. It culminates with a recapitulation of its beginning above a pedal point.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haylock, Julian (1991). "Johannes Brahms / Fest- und Gedenksprüche (3) for double chorus, Op. 109". Hyperion. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b Palmer, John (2017). "Johannes Brahms / Fest- und Gedenksprüche (3) for double chorus, Op. 109". Allmusic. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ "Brahms: Fest- und Gedenksprüche". Carus. 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b Minor, Ryan (2006). "Occasions and Nations in Brahms's Fest- und Gedenkspruche". 19th-Century Music. 29 (3). University of California Press: 261–288. doi:10.1525/ncm.2006.29.3.261. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ "Opus 109, Fest- und Gedenksprüche für achtstimmigen Chor a capella" (in German). Brahms-Institut. 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

Sources

Fest- und Gedenksprüche, Op.109 (Brahms, Johannes): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

[Haylock-1] Haylock, Julian (1991). "Johannes Brahms / Fest- und Gedenksprüche (3) for double chorus, Op. 109". Hyperion. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[Palmer-2] Palmer, John (2017). "Johannes Brahms / Fest- und Gedenksprüche (3) for double chorus, Op. 109". Allmusic. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[Carus-3] "Brahms: Fest- und Gedenksprüche". Carus. 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[Minor-4] Minor, Ryan (2006). "Occasions and Nations in Brahms's Fest- und Gedenkspruche". 19th-Century Music. 29 (3). University of California Press: 261–288. doi:10.1525/ncm.2006.29.3.261. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[Institute-5] "Opus 109, Fest- und Gedenksprüche für achtstimmigen Chor a capella" (in German). Brahms-Institut. 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

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v t e Johannes Brahms
List of compositions
Orchestral works	Academic Festival Overture Serenades Symphony No. 1 in C minor Symphony No. 2 in D major Symphony No. 3 in F major Symphony No. 4 in E minor Tragic Overture Variations on a Theme by Haydn
Concertante	Double Concerto Piano Concerto No. 1 Piano Concerto No. 2 Violin Concerto
Vocal works with orchestra	A German Requiem Alto Rhapsody Gesang der Parzen Nänie Rinaldo Schicksalslied Triumphlied
Chamber music	Cello Sonata No. 1 Cello Sonata No. 2 Clarinet Quintet Clarinet Sonatas Clarinet Trio Horn Trio Piano Quartet No. 1 Piano Quartet No. 2 Piano Quartet No. 3 Piano Quintet Piano Trio No. 1 Piano Trio No. 2 Piano Trio No. 3 String Quartet No. 3 String Quintet No. 1 String Quintet No. 2 String Sextet No. 1 String Sextet No. 2 Two String Quartets, Op. 51 Violin Sonata No. 1 Violin Sonata No. 2 Violin Sonata No. 3
Piano works	Ballades, Op. 10 Fantasies, Op. 116 Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119 Hungarian Dances Piano Sonata No. 1 Piano Sonata No. 2 Piano Sonata No. 3 Rhapsodies, Op. 79 Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118 Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39 Three Intermezzi for piano, Op. 117 Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel Variations on a Theme of Paganini
Other compositions	Eleven Chorale Preludes Fest- und Gedenksprüche Fünf Gesänge, Op. 104 Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 Geistliches Lied Liebeslieder Waltzes, Op. 52 Neue Liebeslieder Two Motets, Op. 74 Two Songs for Voice, Viola and Piano, Op. 91 Vier ernste Gesänge "Wiegenlied (Lullaby)", Op. 49, no. 4 Zigeunerlieder
Collaborations	F-A-E Sonata
Named for Brahms	1818 Brahms Brahms (crater) Brahms Inlet
Related articles	Brahms House (Baden-Baden) Brahms Museum (Hamburg) Brahms Museum, Mürzzuschlag Brahms guitar Brahms-Institut Brahms-Preis German Romanticism International Johannes Brahms Competition Musical cryptogram Three Bs Op. 120, No. 1 (Berio)
Category Audio