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ISSF 10 meter air pistol

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ISSF 10 meter air pistol
Men
Number of shots60 + 10
Olympic GamesSince 1988
World ChampionshipsSince 1970
AbbreviationAP60
Women
Number of shots40 + 10
Olympic GamesSince 1988
World ChampionshipsSince 1970
AbbreviationAP40

10 m Air Pistol is an Olympic shooting event governed by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF). It is similar to 10 m Air Rifle in that it is shot with 4.5 mm (or .177) caliber air guns at a distance of 10 metres (11 yards), and the programme consists of 60 shots within 105 minutes for men, and 40 shots within 75 minutes for women. It is also similar to 50 m Pistol despite the shorter distance and the use of air guns, and most top-level male shooters compete in both events.

There are some restrictions on the pistol, and it must be operated by one hand only from a standing, unsupported position. The shooter decides his or her own tempo as long as the maximum time is not exceeded, but in the final round for the top shooters, separate commands are given for each shot so that the audience may follow the progress of the standings.

The major competitions are the Olympic Games every four years and the ISSF World Shooting Championships every four years. In addition, the event is included in the ISSF World Cup and in continental championships, as well as in many other international and national competitions. It is an indoor sport, and on the highest level electronic targets are used instead of the traditional paper targets.

Range and target

The air pistol target is 17x17 cm with concentric score zones, the innermost (worth ten points) having a diameter of 11.5 mm.

The air pistol range is the same as the air rifle range, giving each shooter a table, a 1 metre wide firing point, and a 10 metre distance between the firing line and the target line.[1] The current rules require ranges to be built indoors,[2] with specified minimum requirements for artificial lighting.[3] Many of the top-level competitions are held at temporary ranges installed in versatile sporting facilities or convention centres.

The target, 17 by 17 cm (6.7 by 6.7 in), is traditionally made of light-coloured cardboard upon which scoring lines, and a black aiming mark consisting of the score zones 7 through 10, are printed.[4] There is also an inner ten ring, but the number of inner tens is only used for tie-breaking in very rare cases.[5] The changing of these traditional targets is handled by each shooter, by means of electronic – or more archaically, manually-operated – carrier devices.[6] In major competitions, only one shot may be fired on each target,[7] a number that can increase to two, five or even ten with lowering level and importance of the competition. Used targets are collected by range officials to be scored in a separate office.[8]

During the last few decades, these paper targets have been gradually replaced by electronic target systems, immediately displaying the results on monitors. When using these systems, actual scoring lines are not printed, but the location of the impact hole (which can be determined acoustically) is automatically converted into corresponding scores by a computer. ISSF rules now require the use of these systems in top-level competitions.[9] They are generally used in other international competitions as well,[10] and in some countries they are even common in national competitions.[11]

Equipment

The Austrian Steyr LP10 is a typical example of a modern match air pistol.

The pistols used are gas-driven with a caliber of 4.5 mm (.177 in). The minimum trigger pull weight is 500 gram (1.1 lb), half that of a standard pistol, and the grip restrictions are similar to standard pistols, but the box in which the pistol must fit is much larger: 42 by 20 by 5 cm (17 by 8 by 2 in).[12] This allows for longer sight lines and also gives room for cocking arms, although with a few exceptions (such as the Baikal IZH-46M) modern match air pistols use pre-filled air, or less commonly carbon dioxide, containers.[13] The pistol must be operated by only one hand from a standing position, and may only be loaded with one pellet at a time.[14]

As in other ISSF pistol events, special supportive clothing and shoes are not permitted.[15] Optical aids are allowed as long as they are not mounted on the pistol, which may only have open sights.[16] Ear protection is recommended by the ISSF[17] as well as by coaches, who sometimes stress their usefulness in shutting out distracting noise rather than their necessity for safety reasons (paramount in other shooting disciplines).[18][19]

It is each shooter's responsibility to get the pistol and shoes validated in a specific area, the equipment control, prior to starting the competition. Clothing is only inspected during the actual competition.[20] To discourage shooters from lowering the trigger pull weight after passing the equipment control, random controls are conducted after the match with failure resulting in immediate disqualification.[21]

Course of fire

Shooters are generally divided into four classes: men, junior men, women and junior women. The junior classes are included in most championships, with some notable exceptions (such as the Olympic Games and the ISSF World Cup). A shooter remains a junior up to and including the calendar year in which he or she becomes 20 years of age, although a junior may opt to participate in the main class instead.[22]

In both the qualification stage and the final stage, all shooting is supervised by a Chief Range Officer, whose duties include responsibility for the correct behaviour of all personnel, dealing with technical irregularities, and cooperation with the jury.[23]

Qualification

For the qualification stage, the shooters are divided as necessary into relays.[24] Each relay starts with a ten-minute preparation time,[25] followed by the Chief Range Officer's "Start" command, indicating the start of the competition time.[26] Before the competition shots, but within the time limit, the shooter may fire an unlimited number of sighting shots at specially marked targets.[27] Men and junior men shoot 60 shots (within a maximum time of 105 minutes) at all major competitions, while women and junior women shoot 40 shots (within a maximum time of 75 minutes).[28] At minor competitions, there may be other numbers of shots and time limits.

Final

A final is included in most air pistol championships, although not in the World Junior Championships. The top eight shooters advance to the final.[29] In case of a tie for eighth place, shooters with stronger ending are preferred.[30] The final consists of ten shots, and the score zones are divided into tenths (by means of a special gauge, in the absence of automatic scoring devices), so that each hit can give up to 10.9 points. After a three-minute preparation time, during which the shooters are introduced to the audience, and a five-minute sighting shot period, separate commands are given for each competition shot, with a time limit of 75 seconds per shot.[31] The final score is added to the qualification score with the aggregate deciding the final ranking.[32] Any post-final ties are broken by a single extra shot.[33]

History

Spring-piston air guns were in common use during the first decades of the sport, but are now seldom seen at high levels.

The air pistol event was introduced on the World Championship level in 1970,[34] and on the Olympic programme in 1988.[35] Before 1985, when finals began to be used, championships were decided by the results of the 40 or 60 shot match. Before 1982, the men's programme also consisted of 40 shots.[34]

As in many other ISSF events, the target for air pistol was reduced in size in 1989, also lowering the scores (although not by much), and thereby resetting all records. The development after this shows a contrast to that of air rifle shooting: whereas in air rifle the winning score of the 1989 World Championships would not have reached the final 17 years later,[36][37] the same result increase has not occurred in air pistol, and Sergei Pyzhianov's world record of 593 points, set in the first World Cup Final with the new targets, remains unbeaten.[38]

Although competitions are no longer held outdoors, the most important competitions (Olympics, World Championships, ISSF World Cups) are still scheduled for the Northern Hemisphere summer season because they are combined with outdoor events. Many lesser international events, however, are held during the European indoor season between October and March, culminating in the European Championships each year. Most of these competitions are multi-day events held together with air rifle matches.[39]

Current world records

See also: List of national shooting records surpassing the world records
Template:Shooting WR AP60 Junior Men TeamsTemplate:Shooting WR AP40 Junior Women Teams
Current world records in 10 m Air Pistol
Men Qualification 12000  Jin Jong-oh (KOR) April 12, 2005 Changwon (KOR) edit
Final 246.5  Kim Song Guk (PRK) November 11, 2019 Doha (QAT) edit
Teams 1759  Russia (Isakov, Nestruyev, Yekimov)
 China (Wang, Pang, Mai) 		March 16, 2007
March 9, 2014 		Deauville (FRA)
Kuwait City (KUW) 		edit
Junior Men Individual 588  Leonid Yekimov (RUS)
 Lukas Grunder (SUI) 		March 16, 2007
May 24, 2009 		Deauville (FRA)
Milan (ITA) 		edit
Women Qualification 591  Jiang Ranxin (CHN) Oct 15, 2022 Cairo (EGY) edit
Final 246.9  Zorana Arunović (SRB) March 11, 2017 ECH Maribor (SLO) edit
Teams 1739  China (Jiang, Wang, Ji) September 4, 2018 Changwon (KOR) edit
Junior Women

Template:Shooting WR AP40 Junior Women Individual

World and Olympic Champions

The ISSF publishes lists of historical champions.[35][36]

Men

Further information: [[:List of Olympic medalists in shooting: 10 m Air Pistol]]
Year Venue Individual Team
1970 Phoenix  Kornel Marosvari (HUN)  Soviet Union
Mikhail Nestruev, the 2002 World Champion
1974 Thun  Grigori Kosych (URS)  Soviet Union
1978 Seoul  Paavo Palokangas (FIN)  Finland
1979 Seoul  Geoffrey Robinson (GBR)  Sweden
1981 Santo Domingo  Don Nygord (USA)  Bulgaria
1982 Caracas  Vladas Turla (URS)  Soviet Union
1983 Innsbruck  Ragnar Skanåker (SWE)  Soviet Union
1985 Mexico City  Rolf Beutler (SUI)  Soviet Union
1986 Suhl  Igor Basinski (URS)  Soviet Union
1987 Budapest  Zoltan Papanitz (HUN)  Soviet Union Junior Men
1988 Seoul  Tanyu Kiryakov (BUL) Individual Team
1989 Sarajevo  Sergei Pyzhianov (URS)  Soviet Union  Andrei Kandikov (URS)  Hungary
1990 Moscow  Bernardo Tobar (COL)  Soviet Union
1991 Stavanger  Uwe Potteck (GER)  Soviet Union  Kanstantsin Lukashyk (URS)  France
1992 Barcelona  Wang Yifu (CHN)
1994 Milan  Franck Dumoulin (FRA)  China  Alexander Wiskepzev (RUS)  Hungary
1996 Atlanta  Roberto Di Donna (ITA)
1998 Barcelona  Wang Yifu (CHN)  China  Teemu Tiainen (FIN)  Germany
2000 Sydney  Franck Dumoulin (FRA)
2002 Lahti  Mikhail Nestruev (RUS)  Russia  Denis Koulakov (RUS)  South Korea
2004 Athens  Wang Yifu (CHN)
2006 Zagreb  Pang Wei (CHN)  China  Pu Qifeng (CHN)  China

Women

Further information: [[:List of Olympic medalists in shooting: 10 m Air Pistol]]
Year Venue Individual Team
1970 Phoenix  Sally Carroll (USA)  Soviet Union
Olena Kostevych
1974 Thun  Zinaida Simonian (URS)
1978 Seoul  Kerstin Hansson (SWE)  Sweden
1979 Seoul  Ruby Fox (USA)  United States
1981 Santo Domingo  Nonna Kalinina (URS)  Soviet Union
1982 Caracas  Marina Dobrantcheva (URS)  Soviet Union
1983 Innsbruck  Kerstin Bodin (SWE)  Sweden
1985 Mexico City  Marina Dobrantcheva (URS)  Soviet Union
1986 Suhl  Anke Voelker (GDR)  Soviet Union
1987 Budapest  Jasna Brajković (YUG)  Soviet Union Junior Women
1988 Seoul  Jasna Šekarić (YUG) Individual Team
1989 Sarajevo  Nino Salukvadze (URS)  West Germany  Miroslawa Sagun (POL)  Poland
1990 Moscow  Jasna Šekarić (YUG)  Soviet Union
1991 Stavanger  Marina Logvinenko (URS)  Soviet Union  Stefanie Koch (GER)  France
1992 Barcelona  Marina Logvinenko (EUN)
1994 Milan  Jasna Šekarić (YUG)  China  Karen Macary (FRA)  Denmark
1996 Atlanta  Olga Klochneva (RUS)
1998 Barcelona  Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar (MGL)  Russia  Viktoria Chaika (BLR)  Hungary
2000 Sydney  Tao Luna (CHN)
2002 Lahti  Olena Kostevych (UKR)  Russia  Katarzyna Szymanska (POL)  China
2004 Athens  Olena Kostevych (UKR)
2006 Zagreb  Natalia Paderina (RUS)  China  Brankica Zarić (SRB)  China

References

  1. ^ Rules 6.3.12 and 6.3.15. General Technical Rules for all Shooting Disciplines, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Rule 6.3.6.3.4. General Technical Rules for all Shooting Disciplines, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Rule 6.3.15.4. General Technical Rules for all Shooting Disciplines, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Rule 6.3.2.6. General Technical Rules for all Shooting Disciplines, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-18 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Rule 8.12.2. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Rule 8.6.3.1.1.1 Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Rule 8.15.0. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Rule 8.6.3.1.1.2. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Rule 3.5.1.4. ISSF General Regulations, International Shooting Sport Federation, November 30, 2005, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ International Shooting Events, SIUS-ASCOR, retrieved 2008-06-19
  11. ^ For example, the Megalink target system is used on club level in its native Norway. Klubber, luftpistol.no, retrieved 2008-06-16
  12. ^ Rule 8.16.0. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Rowling, Patrick, Air Pistol Competition – A Brief History, The Air Pistol Home Page, retrieved 2008-06-19
  14. ^ Rule 8.4.3.1. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Rule 8.4.7. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ Rule 8.4.2.3. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Rule 8.2.8. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Air Gun Shooting Sports Safety Guide (PDF), National Rifle Association, p. 5, retrieved 2008-06-04
  19. ^ Nesbitt, Graeme, Air Pistol Shooting: beginner to club level shooter (PDF), retrieved 2008-06-04
  20. ^ Rules 8.4.7.4 and 8.10.0. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Rule 8.4.2.6.3. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Rules 3.3.6 and 3.6.8.4.1. ISSF General Regulations, International Shooting Sport Federation, November 30, 2005, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Rules 8.2.7 and 8.5.1. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ Rule 8.7.2. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Rule 8.6.4.1. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Rule 8.6.4.4.1. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ Rule 8.6.4.4.2. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Rule 8.15.0. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Rule 8.14.2.1. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ Rule 8.12.2. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ Rules 8.14.4 – 8.14.6. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ Rule 8.14.7. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ Rule 8.14.8. Special Technical Rules for Pistol Shooting, International Shooting Sport Federation, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ a b World Championships, International Shooting Sport Federation, retrieved 2008-06-04
  35. ^ a b List of Olympic medalists (PDF), International Shooting Sport Federation, retrieved 2008-06-04
  36. ^ a b List of World Championship medalists (PDF), International Shooting Sport Federation, retrieved 2008-06-19
  37. ^ ISSF World Championships Zagreb: Final results, 10m Air Rifle Men (PDF), ISSF TV, July 24, 2006, retrieved 2008-06-19 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ Men's world records, International Shooting Sport Federation, retrieved 2008-06-04
  39. ^ ESC Calendar, European Shooting Confederation, retrieved 2008-06-04
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