Neum
Neum
Neum | |
|---|---|
town | |
| Country |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | The Federation |
| Canton | Herzegovina-Neretva |
| Municipality | Neum |
| Population (1991 census) | |
| • Total | 1,993 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | +387 36 |
| Website | http://www.neum.ba |
Neum (Latin: Neum, Greek: Νέον, Néon) is the only seaside town in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Around it there is 24.5 km (15.23 miles) of coastline which is the only access of this country to the Adriatic Sea. It is located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity.
It is the center of Neum Municipality.
Features
Neum has steep hills, sandy beaches and several large tourist hotels. Prices tend to be lower here than in neighbouring Croatia, making it popular with shoppers. Tourism, and the commerce it brings, is the leading contributor to the economy of the area. Border formalities with Croatia are relaxed at peak times.Neum has around 5000 beds for tourists, 1810 in hotels with the remaining capacity in motels, villas and in private accommodation. Tourism in Neum is active only in the coastal region. The inland area behind Neum has a rich archaeological history and untouched wilderness and is starting to develop agricultural tourism.
Climate
Neum has long, warm summers and short, mild winters. It ranks among the coastal towns with the most sunny days per year.
The average sea temperature ranges from 13ºC (55ºF) in January to 32ºC (90ºF) in July and August. Popular activities include swimming and sun bathing, walks along the beach, boating and various water-sports.
Geography
Neum is 60 km (about 40 miles) from Dubrovnik (80 km - about 50 miles - from the Dubrovnik airport), 70 km (about 45 miles) from Mostar and Međugorje and 30 km (about 20 miles) from Ploče and Metković, both of which have railway stations.
The Neum region cuts Croatia into two non-contiguous parts. This is a result of the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699. In this treaty the Republic of Dubrovnik gave the Neum region to the Ottoman Empire to ensure that it would not border on the encroaching Venetian Republic.
The fact that the border into Bosnia and Herzegovina must be crossed to reach the southernmost region of Croatia has caused the Croatian Government to plan a bridge from Klek to Pelješac to circumvent the area. Since this could potentially violate Bosnia Herzegovina rights under the International Law of the Sea, these plans have been put on hold until a mutually satisfactory solution can be reached.
Neum is not of any importance as a freight port. Among other reasons, the road to the rest of Bosnia is not suitable for heavy vehicles. There are plans to build a real seaport and a better road, therefore the Croatian bridge must have a high clearance according to Bosnian view. The main freight port for Bosnia today is Ploče (in Croatia) further north, which has a railway to Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Border crossings
Neum has two border crossing checkpoints with Croatia on the European route E65 or Adriatic Highway which connects the two parts of Croatia's Dalmatian coast. Neum 1 is located to the north-west of the city, with the Klek border checkpoint on the Croatian side. Neum 2 is located to the south-east, with the Croatian border checkpoint at Zaton Doli.
Demographics
1971
4,781 total
- Bosnian Croats - 4,281 (89.54%)
- Bosnian Serbs - 224 (4.68%)
- Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) - 218 (4.55%)
- Yugoslavs - 13 (0.27%)
- Others - 45 (0.96%)
1991
In 1991, the municipality of Neum had 4,268 people:
- 3738 Bosnian Croats (87.6%)
- 209 Bosnian Serbs (4.9%)
- 196 Bosniaks (4.7%)
- 92 Yugoslavs (2.1%)
- 33 others (Mixed) (0.7%).
The town of Neum itself had 1,993 residents:
- 94% Bosnian Croats
- 3% Bosnian Serbs
- 2% Bosniaks
- 1% others (Mixed).
History
In 1399, the Dubrovnik Republic (Ragusa) acquired Neum from the lands of Hum, and was added to the territories in the possession of the city, which ruled it for 300 years.
In 1699, Ragusa relinquished control of Neum to the Ottoman empire in 1699, at the treaty of Karlowitz.
The Ragusan Republic gave the region of Neum to the Turks in the war between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire. It gave the Turkish army access to the sea, but just as important to Ragusa it gave them a protection from the Venetian territories.
Neum was under Ottoman control for 179 years. It gained control of Neum in 1699, and lost it in 1878, when Bosnia & Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian rule.
The Ragusan Republic relinquished the region of Klek - Neum to the Turks in the war between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire (second half of the 17th c.) as an exit to the sea and a protection corridor between the territories held by Ragusa and the Venetian territories (in Dalmatia). For the last time the Turks used the bay for military purposes while withdrawing after the entering of Austria into Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. Neum was part of the Banovina of Croatia from 1939 to 1941.
The town was host to a conference entitled the Constitutional-law position of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in late October 2005.
Future
Around 2011, Croatia is set to join the European Union, and the passport check free Schengen area around 2015. As of 2008, Bosnians need a visa to the Schengen countries. The normal route when driving between Neum and other cities of Bosnia is through Croatia (road E73). There are negotiations to allow visa-free travel for Bosnians into Schengen.
Culture
Neum celebrates the feast of Our Lady of Good Health as its municipal day. As part of the celebrations, Neum hosts the Croatian Music Festival Etnofest Neum. The town also hosts the Neum Animated Film Festival.[1]
The linđo is traditionally danced in the Neum region.[2]
Neum is home to local branches of Matica hrvatska and HKD Napredak.[3][4]
Sport
Neum has a water polo club VK Jadran Neum which is a member of the Croatian Water Polo Federation.
References
See also
External links
- Official website of Neum (In Croatian and English)
- Neum City info
- Neum City info
- Wireless network in Neum City
- Info and accommodation in Neum