2009 swine flu pandemic timeline
![]() | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (April 2009) |
This article covers the chronology of the 2009 H1N1 Swine Influenza Epidemic. The flag icons denote the first publically announced confirmed cases per nation-state, plus major announcements by international agencies such as the EU and the WHO. Template:2009 swine flu outbreak table
See the following articles for more information:
Timeline: alerts, confirmed cases and deaths
February 2009
Mexico
In La Gloria, Veracruz, 60% of the town's population starts to fall ill from a mysterious respiratory illness. Only one sample from a later-infected four-year-old boy was tested internationally after the novel flu was reported (with a positive result), but Veracruz officials said that there were no plans to exhume the bodies of two infants who died in the outbreak. One infant was reported to have died from the February outbreak and one on March 21.[1]
March 2009
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CDC_MMWR_M8d0430a2f.png/260px-CDC_MMWR_M8d0430a2f.png)
March 15
Mexico
Onset of the first cases of what would later be classed as probable swine flu A(H1N1).[2]
March 17
Mexico
Earliest known onset of a case later confirmed as S-OIV.[2]
March 28
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/CDC_MMWR_m8d0428a2f.png/260px-CDC_MMWR_m8d0428a2f.png)
United States
Earliest known onset of a USA case later confirmed as swine flu, being a nine-year-old girl residing in Imperial County, California.[3][4]
March 30
United States
Biosurveillance firm Veratect begins tracking the unusual respiratory illness in Mexico.[5][6]
United States
A sample is collected from a nine-year-old female patient, later confirmed as also containing the novel virus strain (organism sequenced as A/California/05/2009(H1N1)).[7][8]
United States
Onset of illness for a ten-year-old boy residing in San Diego County, California, the case later being the first confirmed as swine flu, .[4]
April 2009
April 1
United States
A nasopharyngeal swab is collected from a ten-year-old male patient in San Diego County, later confirmed as containing the novel virus and the first organism of that strain to be completely sequenced (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)).[4][7][9]
April 6
Mexico
Public health authorities begin investigating unusual cases of pneumonia.[10] 400 people had reportedly sought treatment for pneumonia/influenza-like illness (ILI) in La Gloria the preceding week.[10]
United States
Veratect publishes the alert "La Gloria: 'Strange' Respiratory Affects 60% of Local Population; Three Pediatric Deaths May be Associated with the Outbreak."[5][10]
April 12
Mexico
The General Directorate of Epidemiology (DGE) reports the outbreak of an ILI in a small community in Veracruz to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which is the Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO).[2]
Mexico
A 39-year-old woman dies of severe viral pneumonia in the city of San Luis Potosí, and is later believed to be the earliest known fatality related to the outbreak.[11]
April 13
Mexico
First death in Oaxaca due to what would later be identified as swine flu.[12]
United States
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is advised of a ten-year-old boy with a respiratory illness in San Diego County, California. Test results had revealed an Influenza A virus, but were negative for standard human sub-types. The San Diego County Health Department is notified.[4]
April 14
United States
The CDC receives its first sample from California (ten-year-old boy in San Diego County), and identifies the virus as a strain of swine influenza A (H1N1).[4]
April 16
Mexico
Authorities notify the PAHO of the atypical pneumonia.[10]
United States
Veratect publishes the alert "Atypical Pneumonia Cases Reported at Hospital" regarding the Oaxaca cases.[5][10]
April 17
United States
The CDC receives a second sample from Southern California (nine-year-old girl in Imperial County), and again identifies the virus as a strain of swine influenza A(H1N1). The California Department of Public Health is notified.[4]
Mexico
A case of atypical pneumonia in Oaxaca prompts enhanced national surveillance. A field investigation is started.[2].
Mexico contacts Canada to request more specialized testing.[13]
April 18
Mexico
Mexico sends 14 mucous samples to the CDC, and health teams are dispatched to hospitals to look for patients showing severe influenza or pnuemonia-like symptoms.[14]
April 20
United States
Veratect advises the CDC of the Mexican events.[5][10]
The CDC is already investigating the California and Texas cases.[5][10][15]
April 21
United States
The CDC alerts doctors to a similar novel strain of swine influenza A(H1N1) in two cases from Southern California. Local investigations including Texas are underway, and enhanced surveillance for possible additional cases is being implemented in the areas.[4] The Associated Press covers the alert.[15]
[16]
April 22
Canada
Canada receives samples from Mexico for testing.[13]
April 23
Mexico
The Public Health Agency of Canada confirms Mexico cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection.[2]
Sequence analysis reveals that the Mexico patients were infected with the same S-OIV strain detected in two children residing in California.[2]
The PAHO is informed that a cluster in Mexico of severe respiratory illnesses has been laboratory-confirmed as S-OIV infection.[2]
April 24
The WHO issues its first Disease Outbreak Notice on the matter, confirming the infection of a number of people in Mexico and the United States by "Swine Influenza A/H1N1 viruses… not… previously detected in pigs or humans."[17]
United States
The CDC tells a press conference that seven of the 14 Mexico samples were found to contain the same virus strain as the known USA cases in California and Texas, and that indicators suggest that containment in the USA is "not very likely".[18]
Mexico
The Minister of Health confirmed Mexican cases of human infection by swine influenza and that it was believed that some of those cases had resulted in death.[18]
Mexico
Health authorities implement public health measures for all airport passengers and vaccination of health-care workers with seasonal influenza vaccine.[2]
April 25
The PAHO Vaccination Week In The Americas starts.[19] The 2009 Week was planned to emphasize the vaccination of entire families, and health worker immunization.[19]
Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), the newly convened Emergency Committee meets for the first time, resulting in the WHO Director-General declaring a formal "public health emergency of international concern".[20][21]
April 26
Canada
Four cases confirmed in Nova Scotia and two in British Columbia[citation needed].
April 27
The Emergency Committee meets for the second time, and the WHO Director-General issues a statement that containment of the outbreak is not feasible, and elevates its pandemic alert from Phase 3 to Phase 4.[22]
Spain
First confirmed case of swine flu in Almansa, Spain and thus the first case in Europe; A(H1N1) has spread from the WHO Region of the Americas to the WHO European Region.
United Kingdom
First two confirmed cases, in Scotland[citation needed].
European Union (EU) Health Commissioner advises Europeans not to travel to the United States or Mexico unless the need is urgent. This follows the first confirmed case in Spain.[23]
April 28
WHO Confirmed cases are now extant in four of six WHO regions (see map). As of 19:15 GMT seven countries have officially reported cases of swine influenza A(H1N1) infection.[24]
Israel
First confirmed case in Israel and thus the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (color-coded yellow), the third region to be affected.
New Zealand
First eleven confirmed cases in New Zealand and thus the WHO Western Pacific Region (color-coded red), the fourth region to be affected.
Canada
Confirmed: two cases and another four in Alberta and Ontario, respectively[citation needed].
Spain The second confirmed case in Spain is located in Valencia[citation needed].
Costa Rica Second confirmed case in Costa Rica and in Central America and Caribbean[citation needed].
April 29
WHO
The Emergency Committee meets for the third time,[25]
and the WHO raises its pandemic alert level from Phase 4 to Phase 5, its second highest.[26]As of 18:00 GMT, nine countries have officially reported 148 cases of swine influenza A(H1N1) infection.[27]
EU Foreign Relations Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner announces that the halt of all travel to Mexico and disinfecting all airports due to the global flu outbreak is being considered.[28]
Germany
Three confirmed cases, two in Bavaria and one in Hamburg. [29]
Austria
First confirmed case[citation needed].
United States
First death caused by the swine flu, a 23-month old Mexican child hospitalized in Texas[citation needed]. Ninety-one cases confirmed cases worldwide to date.
Canada
Nineteen confirmed cases[citation needed].
New Zealand Three confirmed cases[citation needed].
Spain Eight more cases raises the total in Spain to 10, including the first human-to-human intergenerational transmission[30] (in which the patient had not recently been to Mexico but was infected by another patient who had just visited Mexico, namely his girlfriend).[31] This is the first intergenerational transmission to be documented in Europe.
United Kingdom
Three more confirmed cases of swine flu, giving a total of five confirmed cases[citation needed].
April 30
Netherlands
First confirmed case, a three-year-old child.[32] The child returned from Mexico to the Netherlands on April 27, 2009. The parents test negative for A(H1N1).
Switzerland
First confirmed case[citation needed].
Ireland
First confirmed case[33].
United States
Four cases are confirmed in an outbreak at the University of Delaware; another 12 cases are deemed "probable". One of the confirmed cases is a baseball player, which results in the university cancelling sporting events, a concert by rapper Young Jeezy, and other school activities. [34]
Canada
Confirmed: One more case in Toronto, and eight more cases in Nova Scotia, and Alberta bringing total to 28. [35]
United Kingdom
Three further confirmed cases of swine flu, giving a total of eight confirmed cases. [36]
May 2009
May 1
WHO As of 06:00 GMT, 11 countries have officially reported 331 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection.[37]
Hong Kong, China
300 people are placed under quarantine at a hotel for seven days due to Hong Kong's first confirmed case there. [38]
- Chief Executive Donald Tsang raises Hong Kong's response level from "serious" to "emergency".[39]
- The Director of Health, Dr. PY Lam, orders Metropark Hotel in Wan Chai to be isolated for 7 days.[40]
Hvidovre, Denmark
First confirmed case.[41]
France
First two confirmed cases. [42]
Canada
Confirmed: 51 Confirmed Cases
United Kingdom
First and second case of human to human transmission within the UK confirmed.[43]
United States
155 confirmed cases.
Mexico begins five-day shutdown to fight flu spread.[44]
May 2
WHO As of 06:00 GMT 15 countries have officially reported 615 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection.
South Korea
First confirmed case.[45]
- 85 confirmed cases.
- The Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirms the first human-to-animal transmission of the virus after an Albertan returns from Mexico and infects a pig farm. [46]
United States
189 confirmed cases, also start of school closers.
Mexico
The death and confirmed case are corrected to 101 and 397 respectively.
China suspended flights from Mexico to Shanghai with a case confirmed in a flight from Mexico[47]
May 3
WHO
As of May 3, 2009, 18 countries have reported 745 cases of H1N1 (swine flu).
Countries with confirmed cases and related deaths
- Mexico
The first cases were reported as ILI starting on March 18, but were not then suspected of being due to a new strain of flu. The first case where the person died of this new strain was on April 13, the news of which was first broadcast live in Mexico on April 23.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 358
- Suspected cases: 2500+
- Confirmed deaths: 15
- Unconfirmed deaths: 168
- As of 29 April 2009[update], per Mexican Health Ministry
- United States
The first cases in the United States were reported on March 28 and 30 in San Diego County and Imperial County, California. It has spread to numerous states including Texas, Kansas (April 25), Ohio (April 26) and New York (April 24). On April 25, in Minnesota, a television news station reported a suspected case. On April 28, there were many hundreds of suspected cases in a school in New York and an outbreak reported at the University of Delaware which was later confirmed by laboratory testing on April 30[48]. On April 29, the first confirmed death from Swine Flu, that of a young infant, occurred in Texas. That child was a Mexican national and was receiving medical treatment in the U.S.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 155[49]
- Suspected cases: 767+
- Confirmed deaths: 1
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
Countries with confirmed cases
World Health Organization
- Confirmed Deaths: 16
- Confirmed Cases: 611
[As of May 1, 2009]
North America
- Canada Confirmed cases
The first cases in Canada were reported on April 26 in Nova Scotia and in British Columbia. In Windsor, Nova Scotia there has been 14 cases confirmed and in British Columbia there has been 15 cases confirmed. There are also eight confirmed cases in Alberta, 12 confirmed cases in Ontario, one in Quebec and one in New Brunswick.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 85
- Suspected cases: 25+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 1, 2009]
Europe
- Austria: Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 1
- Suspected cases: 2
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Germany: Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 6
- Suspected cases: 30
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Spain Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 21
- Suspected cases: 103
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- United Kingdom Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 15
- Suspected cases: 631+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- France: Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 2
- Suspected cases: 33
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Netherlands: Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 1
- Suspected cases: 0
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 1, 2009]
- Italy: Confirmed cases
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 1
- Suspected cases: 13
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
Asia
- Israel
On April 25, medics were testing a 26-year-old man, and a 47-year-old man who had been taken to hospital with flu-like symptoms after returning from a trip to Mexico, independently. On April 28, the 26-year-old man tested positive, making the first outbreak of the swine flu in Israel and Asia. Later that day the 47-year-old man was confirmed to be the second case in Israel and Asia.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 3
- Suspected cases: 1
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- South Korea
A 51-year-old female is believed to have contracted the disease after contact with a local driver during a Mexico trip in late April. Upon her arrival at Incheon International Airport, on Sunday, she felt light flu symptoms and reported her illness to a local health center. On April 28, she was found to have tested positive for the A/H1N1 virus.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 1
- Suspected cases: 99
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Hong Kong
One Mexican, who travelled from Mexico to Hong Kong via Shanghai, arrived Hong Kong on April 30, was tested positive by the University of Hong Kong and Department of Health of Hong Kong on May 1, becoming the first confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) infections in Hong Kong and also in Asia.
- [As of May 3, 2009 HKT 20:00]
Oceania
- New Zealand
On April 26, a group of students who have arrived from Mexico has tested positive for Influenza A; however, further testing is needed to confirm A/09 (H1N1) infection. On April 28, tests made to the students were positive, making the first outbreak of swine flu in New Zealand and in Oceania.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 4
- Suspected cases: 101+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
Central America and Caribbean
- Costa Rica
On April 28, the first case of the swine flu outbreak was confirmed, being the first case confirmed in Costa Rica and Central America and Caribbean. By the end of April 28 the second case has been already confirmed.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 2
- Suspected cases: 51+ (2 probable cases)
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
Countries with suspected cases
Africa
- South Africa:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 2
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
Oceania
- Australia:
On April 25, two people in Queensland, Australia, are being tested after developing flu-like symptoms on returning from Mexico.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 80
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Fiji:
On April 30, the first suspected case was reported in Fiji.- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 1+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of April 30, 2009]
Europe
- Iceland:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 0
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of April 28, 2009]
- Norway:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 1+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Poland:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 9
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 1, 2009]
- Sweden:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 5[52]
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of April 29, 2009]
- Finland:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 2
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of April 29, 2009]
Central America and Caribbean
- Guatemala:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 3
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Honduras:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 9+
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of April 28, 2009]
South America
- Colombia:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 2
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Venezuela:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 3
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Brazil:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 14 (7)
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Argentina:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 17
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Chile:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 5
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Uruguay:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 1
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
- Peru:
- Laboratory confirmed cases: 0
- Suspected cases: 7
- Confirmed deaths: 0
- Unconfirmed deaths: 0
- [As of May 3, 2009]
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The earliest case found in Mexico was a 39-year-old woman who died April 12 of severe viral pneumonia in San Luis Potosi, a city of about 700,000 in central Mexico. "That attracted the attention of the epidemiologist there," said Mauricio Hernández, deputy minister for disease prevention and health promotion in Mexico's Federal Department of Health.
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{{cite news}}
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