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Typhoon Parma

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Typhoon Parma (Pepeng)
Violent typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Parma being declared as a category 4 super typhoon and in peak strength on Oct 1
FormedSeptember 27, 2009
DissipatedStill active
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 195 km/h (120 mph)
1-minute sustained: 240 km/h (150 mph)
Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Fatalities>17 direct, >0 indirect, >0 missing
Damage$36,000 (2009 USD)
Areas affectedMicronesia, Philippines, Taiwan
Part of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Parma (International designation: 0917; JTWC Designation: 19W; PAGASA designation: Pepeng) was the second typhoon to affect the Philippines within the span of a week during September 2009.

Meterological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Early on September 26, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center reported that an area of convection was developing along a broad low level circulation center in an area of vertical wind shear about 450 km (280 mi) to the southeast of Guam.[1] The Convection had a good poleward outflow into a tropical upper tropospheric trough, however it did not have a symmetrical low level circulation center and convection had not consolidated.[1] It was then designated as a Tropical Depression during the next day by the Japan Meteorological Agency as the depression's convection, started to consolidate around the low level circulation center. This came before later that day the JTWC designated the depression as 19W due to the low level circulation center rapidly consolidating becoming well defined with deep convective banding forming and consolidating around the center. The depression was moving towards the west at this time under the influence of the subtropical ridge of pressure. During September 28 gradually developed further being upgraded to a Tropical Storm by the JTWC as it moved away from Tropical Depression 18W. However the JMA did not upgrade the depression to a tropical storm until early the next day when they assigned the strom the name Parma and the international number of 0917.

Preparations

Caroline Islands

Hurricane warning levels
Hurricane warning
Hurricane conditions
expected within 36 hours.
Hurricane watch
Hurricane conditions
possible within 48 hours.
Tropical storm warning
Tropical storm conditions expected within 36 hours.
Tropical storm watch
Tropical storm conditions possible within 48 hours.
Storm surge warning
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 36 hours.
Storm surge watch
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 48 hours.
Extreme wind warning
Winds reaching Category 3 status or higher likely (issued two hours or less before onset of extreme winds).

Early on September 28, the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center placed Ulithi, Faraulep and Fais under tropical storm warnings and declared Tropical storm watches for Yap and Ngulu whilst the depression was moving towards the state of Yap.[2] Tropical storm warnings were then declared for Yap and Ngulu later that morning as the depression was moving to the northwest of Faraulep.[3] These warnings stayed in effect until early the next day when they cancelled the warnings for Faraulep, Fais and Ulithi after the depression had intensifed into a named storm, and had passed by the islands.[4][5][6] NWS Guam then placed Koror and Kayangel under a tropical storm watch later that day before cancelling all warnings early on September 30.[7][8]

Philippines

The National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) advised all local government officials in all of Luzon to evacuate all the people if needed to secure their safety from the wrath of Super Typhoon Parma (Pepeng). In addition to the NDCC, they gave out relief goods and other necessities in preparation for Parma. Different non-government agencies such as GMA Kapuso Foundation and ABS-CBN Foundation also gave out relief goods.[9][10] President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo also requested PAGASA to monitor the super typhoon every two hours and update its website.[11] Also, the PAGASA advised all areas with public storm signal warnings to be alerted against storm surges, landslides and flash floods. The coast guard of the Philippines placed the whole country in red alert, meaning that the agency would monitor the whole country, especially Northern and Central Luzon. All ferry stations with routes from Luzon to Visayas and vice-versa suspended their operations. Fishermen were already advised not to go to sea to avoid turbulent waves.[12]

As the preparation continues, different dams were already opened and tons of water were freed to avoid the overflowing of dams. In Isabela, the Magat Dam released tons of water. Its water will pass through Cagayan River which in preparation, people living nearby the river were evacuated. The Angat Dam in Bulacan was also freed from tons of water, making the barrio of Calumpit and Hagonoy flooded. The local officials took charge to evacuate people living in the area. Five barangays in Nueva Ecija were already flooded due to Pantabangan Dam, which released 250 cubic meters per second from 1pm of October 1, 05:00 (UTC) to 1am of October 2, 17:00 (UTC). Local officials also took charge to evacuate people. In Laguna, the Caliraya Dam also released tons of water to be ready for Parma's heavy rains even though Laguna will not be directly affected by the super typhoon.[13] At the morning of October 2, President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo declared the whole country under the state of calamity.

In Metro Manila, billboards were already rolled down due to strong winds that will be brought by Parma. In addition, the flights in the country were suspended as typhoon Parma will hit the country especially the Luzon area. Cargo ships and other water transportation already suspended their operation.[14] The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) suspended classes for regions 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 and CAR.[15] In Laguna, the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) evacuated a massive 100,000 residents that living beneath the Laguna lake.[16]

Taiwan

Taiwan issued a storm warning and began moving people out of villages in the southern county of Kaohsiung.

Impact

Caroline Islands

Whilst it was a Tropical Storm, Parma passed to the south of the westernmost state of Yap, battering the east coast of the main island with torrential rain and winds of up to 95 km/h (60 mph). As a result Continental Micronesia, cancelled its scheduled passenger flight to Guam, whilst the governor of Yap ordered that government employees stay at home and that residents took all precautions that were possible whilst placing Yap under the highest state of storm alerts.[17][18][19]

Philippines

Even though Parma would not make its landfall in northern Philippines, different transportation was suspended before the super typhoon drew near. In Catanduanes, where the first signal warning no.3 was raised, the province's power and communications were cut. Fallen trees was already in the main road. About 30,000 families were evacuated. In addition also to the Bicol region, more than 2,000 passengers were stranded in ferry stations.[20] 39 provinces including Metro Manila were put to signal warnings, with each place experienced massive rainfall with strong winds. Parma made its landfall at Northeastern Cagayan at 3:00pm PST/07:00 (UTC)In Cagayan, at least 6,036 people in 39 barangays (villages) were affected, while P20.33 million worth of agricultural produce were destroyed. Also, in the Chico River was swelled due to the typhoon, making the Maguilling Overflow Bridge along the Cagayan-Apayao Road impassable. The Maharlika Highway in Ilagan, Isabela to Cagayan became hardly passable due to the trees and electric posts that fell when Pepeng battered the area. Total power interruption also crippled the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao, and the northern towns of Isabela. In Kalinga, landslides were reported on roads linking the provincial capital, Tabuk, to upland towns. In Zambales, at least 2,100 families were evacuated as Pepeng brought heavy rains causing the Bucao River to swell. The Carael section of the Zambales highway became impassable due to rising floodwaters.[21] In Metro Manila the area is still experienced a torrential rains and strong winds. Floodwaters continue to rise in some areas in Metro Manila and Calabarzon. In Pateros, Muntinlupa, and Taguig, in Taytay town in Rizal province, and in the towns of Biñan and San Pedro in Laguna province, the flood is not subsiding. The Laguna Lake is breaking a 90-year record in meters of water, becoming Metro Manila will submerged in flood.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and Southern Pacific Oceans 2009-09-27 06z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  2. ^ Roger Edson, Derek Williams, Patrick Chan (2009-09-28). "NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 1". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Paul Lee (2009-09-28). "NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 3". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  4. ^ Roger Edson, Derek Williams, Mcelroy (2009-09-28). "NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 5". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Derek Williams, Roger Edson, Mcelroy (2009-09-28). "NWS Guam Tropical Storm Parma (19W) Advisory 5A". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Derek Williams, Charles Guard (2009-09-28). "NWS Guam Tropical Storm Parma (19W) Advisory 6". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  7. ^ Dan Mundell (2009-09-29). "NWS Guam Typhoon 19W (Parma) Advisory 8". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  8. ^ Roger Edson, Derek Williams (2009-09-30). "NWS Guam Typhoon 19W (Parma) Advisory 10". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  9. ^ http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/
  10. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/index.html
  11. ^ 'Pepeng could be super-typhoon'. ABS-CBN. October 1, 2009.
  12. ^ QTV: Pagasa update on typhoon 'Pepeng'. GMA News. October 1, 2009.
  13. ^ Saksi: Magat dam releases water; evacuation along Cagayan river. GMA News. October 2, 2009.
  14. ^ 26 domestic flights canceled as Manila braces for ‘Pepeng’. GMA News. October 2, 2009.
  15. ^ QTV: CHED suspends classes in Region 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 and CAR. GMA News. October 2, 2009.
  16. ^ [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173652/evacuation-of-100000-residents-near-laguna-lake-recommended Evacuation of 100,000 residents near Laguna lake recommended
  17. ^ "Tropical storm passes Yap in FSM". Radio New Zealand. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  18. ^ "Yap hit by intense weather system". Radio New Zealand. 2009-09-29. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  19. ^ "Yap in FSM threatened by tropical storm". Radio New Zealand. 2009-09-29. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  20. ^ Isabela, Aurora, Bicol region begin evacuations. GMA News. October 2, 2009.
  21. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173750/pepeng-plunges-ne-luzon-into-darkness-4-people-killed
  22. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173742/floodwaters-continue-to-rise-in-metro-manila-calabarzon-areas

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