Gangster
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A gangster is a criminal who is a member of a crime organization, a gang. The terms are most commonly used in reference to members of the criminal organizations associated with American prohibition and the American offshoot of the Italian Mafia, such as the Chicago Outfit, the Philadelphia Mafia, and the Five Families, and individuals such as Papa G. Gangsters have been depicted in popular culture in films such as The Godfather series, GoodFellas and TV shows like The Sopranos.
The word "mobster" is a derived from, "mob," and the suffix, "ster."[1]
History
As American society and culture developed, new immigrants were migrating to the United States. One of the first influential and popular gangs was the Five Points Gang. [2] During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the streets of New York were ruled by Irish gangs (Whyos and Dead Rabbits) and Jewish gangs like the Monk Eastman gang.[3]
The Prohibition Era
Al Capone
The stereotypical image and myth of the American gangster is most closely associated with the organized crime entities of the Prohibition era of the 1920s and 1930s.[4] In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol for consumption. Many gangs sold alcohol illegally for tremendous profit, and used acute violence to stake turf and protect their interest. Often, police officers and politicians were paid off or extorted to ensure continued operation. Al Capone was one of the most influential gangsters during this period. Born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 1899 to immigrant parents, Capone was recruited by the Five Points Gang in the early 1920s. Capone’s childhood friend, Lucky Luciano, was also originally a member of the Five Points Gang. Capone would rise to control a major portion of illicit activity such as gambling, prostitution, and bootlegging in Chicago, Illinois during the early twentieth century.
Lucky Luciano
A Sicilian gangster, Luciano is considered the father of modern organized crime and the mastermind of the massive postwar expansion of the international heroin trade. He is the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family, and is credited with organizing the American Mafia's ruling body.
Gambino, Anastasia, and Costello
Carlo Gambino was an influential gangster in America. He was born in Palermo, Sicily but moved to America at 21. Through his Castellano relatives, he joined the Masseria Family. While Lucky Luciano was the underboss in the Masseria Family, Gambino worked him. After Luciano had Masseria killed, he became the boss and Gambino was sent to the Scalise Family. Later Scalise was stripped of his rank, and Vicenzu Mangano became boss until, 1951 when Mangano disappeared. Albert Anastasia took over the family but in 1957, Gambino had him killed because he wanted to be boss.[citation needed] From 1961 until he died in 1976 Carlo Gambino was the chairman of the American Mafia. Frank Costello was another influential gangster. He was born in Italy but moved to America when he was 4 and changed his name from Francesco Castiglia to Frank Costello when he joined a gang at age 13 (his name change led people to mistakenly believe he was Irish). He worked with Charlie Luciano in bootlegging and gambling. He also had a lot of political power which enabled him to continue his business. He became in charge when Luciano was arrested and he expanded this operation and became a very powerful man. He decided to step away from the gangster life and died peacefully in 1973.
See also
- Gangs
- Criminal tattoos
- List of crime bosses
- List of Irish American mobsters
- List of Italian American mobsters
- List of Jewish American mobsters
- List of mobsters by city
- Organized Crime
References
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, online edition.
- ^ "History of Gangs" (PDF). source. Retrieved 2009.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "National Gang History". Author, Lou Savelli, Vice President of the East Coast Gang Investigators. Retrieved 2009.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ McCarty, John (2004). Bullets Over Hollywood: The American Gangster Picture From The Silents To "The Sopranos". Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 5. ISBN 0306813017, 9780306813016. Retrieved December 15 2008.
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