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Frankopan family

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House of Frankopan
Coat of arms
CountryCroatia
Founded1118
TitlesCounts of Krk, Modruš, and Trsat[1]
Estate(s)of Croatia
Grave of Nikola VI Frankopan of Tržac (*c.1458 - †1523) in the Trsat Church in Rijeka

The Frankopans are a Croatian noble family. Also called Frankapan, Frangepán in Hungarian, and Frangipani in Italian.

History

The Frankopan family is a leading Croatian aristocratic family which dates back to the 12th Century and even earlier to Roman times.[2]

Along with the Zrinski family it had, in Croatian history, ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatia's public life. They are closely connected with the Roman patrician Frangipani family.[2] The Frangipani were a Roman princely family, earlier called Onicii or Anicii. The family took the name Frangipani in the 8th Century.[3] In 837 four brothers of the Frangipani family left Rome: Michele chose Venice as his domicile and Nicolò Dalmatia and Slavonia. The descendants of Michele obtained the island of Krk from the Venetians.[3] The Frankopan family is mentioned in Croatian documents in 1133 when Dujam Frankopan is recorded as ruler and lord of the island of Krk and of areas of Dalmatia. Around 1200 the family owned wide areas on the mainland, including the Castle of Ribnik, near Karlovac.

In 1227 the Mongol prince Genghis Khan advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Bela IV, resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Bela stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frangipani the county of Segn with surrounding lands and the castle of Modrus.[3]

In 1246 there was another war, between Frederic of Austria and Bela, who, with the assistance of the Frankopans, won a victory. As a further reward, King Bela then, by Royal Decree, created the Frankopans Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.[3]

The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat).[3] It is recorded that, in 1291, Nikola Frankopan, sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat, or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a Castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona.

Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The Zrinski and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the European courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia.

In 1420 the Swedish King Erik of Pomerania called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to Sweden to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Mattias (Matija)[4] stayed in Sweden.

In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the princely title of Nicolaus Frankopan and his relatives and granted the family the privileges of red wax,(Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals, a privilege reserved for sovereign families. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.[5]

Bernát Frangepans (abt. 1450 died aft.1527) paternal grandmother Dorottya de Garay, was from a prominent Hungarian noble family. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernát had even Árpad ancestry (the Árpad dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The famed Nikola Šubić Zrinski, who died fighting and won the title of "Hero of Sziget," became the first outstanding example of the epithet "bulwark of Christianity". The Frankopan family was persecuted after the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, where the Prince and Marquess Fran Krsto Frankopan led an uprising against Habsburg King Leopold I, to make Croatia independent. He, and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski, were executed in Wiener Neustadt.

Some lines of the family died out. The line of Stephen II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Catherine Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Francis Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. The Thessaloniki branch died out in 1572 with Francis Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Francis Christoph Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).[1]

Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, Count of Veglia, (died 1348), married Elisabetta Subich, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (died after 1347).[6][7]

One branch of the Frankopan family survived. Dr Peter Frankopan, eldest son of the present Frankopan family, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, states that the preseent family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. From Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, (+ 1348), Count of Veglia, married Elisabetta Subich, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (+ post 1347); see [8][9][10]

Notable members of the Frankopan family include

Holdings

Several of the Frankopan castles remain in Croatia, mostly around the Gorski kotar region and the island of Krk. The castle at Stara Susica near Trsat incorporates structures going back to the Illyrian and Roman periods. The town of Bosiljevo has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at Severin na Kupi were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in Ribnik,(returned to the present Frankopan family by the Croatian Government [11]), Bosiljevo, Novi Vinodolski, Ogulin, Slunj, Ozalj, Cetingrad, Trsat, and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of Krk is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. The family has major investments in Croatia.

Recent History

Louis Frankopan and his wife are members of the Croatian and Italian nobility.[12] In 2006 The Times published an article suggesting that the family had added Frankopan to their surname under British civil law but later published a retraction and a clarification. The Times corrected the article, stating:

"Since 2006 a judgment of the Italian courts has confirmed the genealogical entitlement and the right of all members of the Frankopan family to make use of the titles Princes Frankopan Frangipane Subić and Counts Doimi de Lupis, even if, for political reasons, they did not always use them. The Frankopan family did not change its name under UK law as stated above." [10][full citation needed]

The judgment has executory force in all jurisdictions in Europe and elsewhere and is recognised by the Croatian Government.[citation needed]

Their eldest son, Peter, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".[10]

In 1991 Louis Doimi de Lupis Frankopan and his wife Ingrid were appointed official spokespersons for the Croatian Government.[13][unreliable source?]

Immediately after the end of the Croatian War of Independence, Louis Frankopan founded the Croatian Nobility Association, a private non-governmental organisation, but after internal disagreements, he resigned from the Association.

Louis Frankopan read Geology at Oxford University and then took a Degree in Philosophy at London University. He also qualified as a Barrister, and is a member of Middle Temple. He is a businessman and a banker and was for many years the vice-president of a large Brazilian bank in London.

He met his future wife at Oxford where they were both studying at the university. Ingrid Detter de Frankopan is a professor emeritus at Stockholm University, sometime Fellow of LMH and of St. Antony's College, Oxford and sometime advisor on International Law to HH John Paul II, professor of international law, double doctor, D.Phil. (Oxon), Jur.Dr.(Stockholm), Lic. en droit (Paris) and Dipl. Diritto Europeo (Turin), Barrister at Lincoln's Inn.[14][15]

The couple have five children, all educated at Oxford and/or Cambridge University. There are two daughters, Paola and Christina, and three sons, Peter, Nicholas and Lawrence, Princes Frankopan, Counts Doimi de Lupis.

Their eldest daughter, Paola, is married to Lord Nicholas Windsor, younger son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. She read Classics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar and took a Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondis (M.Phil) at Paris IV, La Sorbonne in Philosophy, submitting a thesis on L'autorité de l'Etat in French.[16] She has, as Paola Frankopan, written for The Tatler where she is a contributing editor and for Vogue USA [17] She has published an introduction to the history of the Sanctuary of Trsat 'Trsatska Sveta Kuča', in Croatian.

Their eldest son Peter, D.Phil. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Oxon); M.A. (Cantab), studied Russian and French at Cambridge where he was a Choral Scholar. He then read for a doctorate in History at Oxford. He is now a historian and author of 'The First Crusade'.[18] He is Director of Oxford University's Centre for Byzantine Research and University Lecturer at the Faculty of Modern Languages and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford University.[19] He is a Governor of Wellington College [20] and trustee of World Monuments Fund Britain.[21] He says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".[10] He maintains that his family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. Together with his wife, he founded Cambridge University's Frankopan Directorship for Gender Studies.[22]

The second daughter, Christina, is an investment banker,[23] having read Economics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar. She is married to Patrick Nicholson, head of Communications for Caritas Internationalis in the Vatican.[24]

Their second son, Nicholas, read History, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge University and is M.A. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Cantab); MBA (Columbia). He won two gold Medals for Great Britain at the Junior European Championships in rowing in 1992. He is now an investment banker in London.

The youngest son, Lawrence, read History at King’s College, London and was then Visiting Scholar in History at New College, Oxford. He is a sports agent and was first with IMG in tennis division and then appointed the Head of Lagardère Unlimited (UK) in London.[25] He is now Head of his own company StarWing Sports Management./

See also

References

  1. ^ a b http://books.google.sk/books?id=X_cUAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA236&lpg=RA1-PA236&dq=frangepan+csalad&source=bl&ots=ttzFaZpoQ_&sig=rvcHK0OC0APnvQtHxn1rKPApQM0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iCYzUKXuC8rEsgbmqYHoBw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=frangepan%20csalad&f=false
  2. ^ a b [Gliubich, Simeone, Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna, 1856, p. 135.]
  3. ^ a b c d e [Gliubich, Simeone, Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna, 1856, p. 136.]
  4. ^ "Matica Hrvatska". Matica.hr. 2001-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  5. ^ <Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16) />
  6. ^ Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24 [verification needed]
  7. ^ Marek, Miroslav (30 January 2009). "Balkan:Frangepani (Frangepán) family". Genealogy.EU. Retrieved 2011-10-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)[self-published source][better source needed]
  8. ^ "Frangepan - Frankopan". Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  9. ^ Marek, Miroslav (2009-01-30). "Frangepan 1". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2011-10-24.[self-published source][better source needed]
  10. ^ a b c d "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-24. Cite error: The named reference "timesonline1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ Karlovačka Županija, Karlovac, 2010, p. 161
  12. ^ La Casata dei Lupi - I Rami Vitali". Lupis.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  13. ^ Appointment by Foreign Minister Dr Frane Vinko Golem, February, 1991
  14. ^ "Biography of Ingrid Detter de Frankopan « RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES L.L.C". Rjgaudet.com. 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  15. ^ "Ingrid Detter de Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn". Uk.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  16. ^ "Homerenaissancefoundation". Homerenaissancefoundation. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  17. ^ "My Royal Wedding: Paola de Frankopan Remembers Her Own Marriage into the British Royal Family". Vogue News.
  18. ^ "The First Crusade: The Call from the East: Amazon.co.uk: Peter Frankopan: Books". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  19. ^ [1][dead link]
  20. ^ "Governors - Wellington College Website". Wellingtoncollege.org.uk. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  21. ^ "Staff and Trustees | About | WMF Britain". Wmf.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  22. ^ "University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies » Frankopan Donation". Gender.cam.ac.uk. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  23. ^ "Christina Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn". Uk.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  24. ^ "Media Centre - Caritas Internationalis". Caritas.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  25. ^ "Lagardère - Press releases". Lagardere.com. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  • The family site La Casata dei Lupi, (Italian language), contains photos of Lord and Lady Nicholas, their first son Albert, and members of the Lupis family. Retrieved 26 September 2009. As of 26 September 2009, this was the only source online that had the name of the second son as Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor. This name has been confirmed 1 November by an official announcement sent to family members: "PAOLA AND NICHOLAS ANNOUNCE WITH JOY THE BIRTH OF THEIR SECOND SON LEOPOLD A BROTHER TO ALBERT BORN ON THE 8th OF SEPTEMBER 2009 8lb 2oz".
  • Doimi de Lupis genealogy (Italian language) hosted by Società Genealogica Italiana - SGI. Retrieved 26 September 2009. The page calls Lady Nicholas Windsor "S.A.R. Lady Paola Luisa Marica Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Subich", and her sons "S.A.R. Lord Albert (Bertie) Louis Philip Edward Windsor" and "S.A.R. Lord Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor", reflecting Italian protocol and customs according to the "Cerimoniale della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana", which states that all the members of sovereign and reigning families that visit Italy are addressed as "Le Loro Altezze Reali", (LLAARR) (TRH) or "Sua Altezza Reale" "SAR" (HRH) etc. (see the official site of "Ministero degli affari Esteri - Cerimoniale diplomatico").

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