Khoemana

Korana
Korana
ǃOra
Native to	South Africa, maybe Botswana
Native speakers	a handful (2008)[citation needed]
Language family	Khoe Khoekhoe South Khoekhoe Korana; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kqz
Glottolog	kora1292
ELP	Korana
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Korana /kɒˈrɑːnə/, or ǃOra /ˈkɔːrə/ (!Gora),^[1] is a moribund Khoe language of South Africa. An ethnic Korana population (also called Griqua) of 10,000 live in South Africa and perhaps Botswana, with perhaps half a dozen elderly speakers as of 2008.^{[citation needed]}

Korana is related to Khoekhoe, and the sound systems are broadly similar. The strongly aspirated Khoekhoe affricates are simply aspirated plosives [tʰ, kʰ] in Korana. However, Korana has an ejective velar affricate, /kxʼ/, which is not found in Khoekhoe, and a corresponding series of clicks, /ǀ͡χʼ ǁ͡χʼ ǃ͡χʼ ǂ͡χʼ/. Beach (1938)^[2] reported that the Khoehkoe of the time had a velar lateral ejective affricate, [k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ], a common realization or allophone of /kxʼ/ in languages with clicks, and it might be expected that this is true for Korana as well. In addition, about half of all lexical words in Korana began with a click compared to a quarter in Khoekhoe.

Korana is principally recorded in a notebook by Lucy Lloyd from 1879 which contains five short stories; some addition work was done in Ponelis (1975).^[3] As of 2009, the EuroBABEL project is searching for remaining speakers.

References

^ The -na is a grammatical suffix
^ D. Beach, 1938. The Phonetics of the Hottentot Language. Cambridge.
^ Ponelis, F. A. (1975). "!Ora Clicks: Problems and Speculations." Bushman and Hottentot Linguistic Studies, pp 51–60. ed. Anthony Traill. Communications from the African Studies Institute, no 2. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg.

Maingard, L.F. 1962. Korana Folktales. Grammar and Texts. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press

External links

Archived (Date missing) at ling.cornell.edu (Error: unknown archive URL)
!Korana basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

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[1] The -na is a grammatical suffix

[2] D. Beach, 1938. The Phonetics of the Hottentot Language. Cambridge.

[3] Ponelis, F. A. (1975). "!Ora Clicks: Problems and Speculations." Bushman and Hottentot Linguistic Studies, pp 51–60. ed. Anthony Traill. Communications from the African Studies Institute, no 2. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg.

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