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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 80.5.219.60 (talk) at 18:59, 22 January 2016 (→‎Low Sodium Salt: new section). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Good articleSalt has been listed as one of the Agriculture, food and drink good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it.
Article milestones
DateProcessResult
October 18, 2013Good article nomineeListed
November 1, 2013Good article reassessmentKept
Did You Know
A fact from this article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the "Did you know?" column on October 26, 2013.
The text of the entry was: Did you know ... that the World Health Organization advises that adults should consume less than 5 g (0.2 oz) of salt per day?
Current status: Good article

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Changes

A few issues with these changes

  • This is supported by a 2003 source. This is too old "Using less sodium is key to keeping blood pressure at a healthy level.[1]"
  • Why was this 2014 Cochrane review removed "The effects of recommending decreasing sodium intake are not entirely clear.[2]"
    • Because the result of the study was "This review sets out to assess whether intensive support and encouragement to cut down on salt in foods, and substituting low-sodium salt, reduces the risk of death or cardiovascular disease." which would support " there is insufficient power to confirm clinically important effects of dietary advice and salt substitution on cardiovascular mortality in normotensive or hypertensive populations" but not "The effects of recommending decreasing sodium intake are not entirely clear."
    • It does not address the effect of less sodium but the effect of "dietary advice and salt substitution" User:Fred Bauder Talk 16:23, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
    • Perhaps it could be included in an article on nutritional counseling. User:Fred Bauder Talk 16:24, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Why was this 2011 review removed "Direct evidence, however, is unclear if a low salt diet affects overall or cardiovascular related deaths.[3]"
    • The 2014 review is an updated version of the 2011 review and is about the same thing, nutritional counseling, not the effects of a low-sodium diet. The information "Direct evidence, however, is unclear if a low salt diet affects overall or cardiovascular related deaths." is not one of the conclusion of the review. User:Fred Bauder Talk 16:27, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
    • In the plain language conclusion, "This review set out to assess whether intensive support and encouragement to cut down on salt in foods reduced the risk of death or cardiovascular disease. This advice did reduce the amount of salt eaten which led to a small reduction in blood pressure by six months. There was not enough information to detect the expected effects on deaths and cardiovascular disease predicted by the blood pressure reductions found" As you know, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. User:Fred Bauder Talk 16:30, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • And why was this removed "In those with heart failure a very low sodium diet may be worse than a diet with slightly more salt.[3]"

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:09, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]

The 2014 Cochrane review states "Despite collating more event data than previous systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, there is insufficient power to confirm clinically important effects of dietary advice and salt substitution on cardiovascular mortality in normotensive or hypertensive populations." Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:11, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Problems with that one source do not justify a wholesale rollback, Please read Adler, AJ; Taylor, F; Martin, N; Gottlieb, S; Taylor, RS; Ebrahim, S (18 December 2014). "Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 12: CD009217. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009217.pub3. PMID 25519688. It has to do with the effectiveness of individualized dietary counseling, a subject which is too fine grained for this small section in the article on salt .User:Fred Bauder Talk 11:16, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
There were a number of issues. Agree that the Cochrane review is about "recommendations" rather than actually lowering salt intake which are two different things. Moved it lower in that paragraph.
Have added in the 2010 recommendations. We do not need the 2005 US recommendation as they are old, same with the 2003 paper. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:23, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
"In those with heart failure a very low sodium diet may be worse than a diet with slightly more salt." may be somewhere in that source, but this

Despite efforts over the past several decades to reduce sodium intake in the United States, adults still consume an average of 3,400 mg of sodium every day. A number of scientific bodies and professional health organizations, including the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association, support reducing dietary sodium intake. These organizations support a common goal to reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 years of age and older and those of any age who are African-American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease.

A substantial body of evidence supports these efforts to reduce sodium intake. This evidence links excessive dietary sodium to high blood pressure, a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cardiac-related mortality. However, concerns have been raised that a low sodium intake may adversely affect certain risk factors, including blood lipids and insulin resistance, and thus potentially increase risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, several recent reports have challenged sodium reduction in the population as a strategy to reduce this risk.

Sodium Intake in Populations recognizes the limitations of the available evidence, and explains that there is no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most direct health outcomes other than some CVD outcomes (including stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggested that decreasing sodium intake could possibly reduce the risk of gastric cancer. However, the evidence was too limited to conclude the converseâ€"that higher sodium intake could possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Interpreting these findings was particularly challenging because most studies were conducted outside the United States in populations consuming much higher levels of sodium than those consumed in this country. Sodium Intake in Populations is a summary of the findings and conclusions on evidence for associations between sodium intake and risk of CVD-related events and mortality,

is a summary of the book, see http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18311/sodium-intake-in-populations-assessment-of-evidence User:Fred Bauder Talk 11:28, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The 2015 recommendation will be out soon. They should clarify if recent research casting any doubt on the effectiveness of reducing sodium intake has traction in terms of general recommendations. User:Fred Bauder Talk 11:30, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The fine-grained considerations with respect to doubt as to the effectiveness or even dangers of reduced sodium belong in Salt and cardiovascular disease. Here where the general information that reduced sodium reduces hypertension and associated bad outcomes needs to be plainly stated, they are out of place and confuse the issue. User:Fred Bauder Talk 11:48, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]

2015 recommendations are here [1] Chapter 6 has the overview of the evidence for salt. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 18:41, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]

User:Fred Bauder I think I have restored most of your changes based on the 2015 guideline. Appologies for the revert I misread the Cochrane review. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 19:23, 29 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you. From the 2015 recommendations:

Individuals who would benefit from blood pressure lowering (i.e., those with prehypertension or hypertension), should rely on the recommendations in the 2013 AHA/ACC Lifestyle Guideline. These include: lowering sodium intake in general; or consuming no more than 2,400 mg of sodium/day; or lowering sodium intake to 1,500 mg per day for even greater reduction in blood pressure; or lowering sodium intake by at least 1,000 mg per day even if the goals of 2,400 or 1,500 mg per day cannot be met.

I think the language "those with prehypertension or hypertension" is key. Cautions directed at the general population is pointless. Most can put salt on their ice cream without significantly affecting their health. User:Fred Bauder Talk 08:10, 30 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The WHO still says "recommends that all adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium" Feel free to adjust Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 15:05, 30 April 2015 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ NHLBI Health Information Center (May 2003). "Your Guide to Lowering Blood Pressure" (PDF). nhlbi.nih.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. p. 12. Retrieved April 29, 2015. Using less sodium is key to keeping blood pressure at a healthy level.
  2. ^ Adler, AJ; Taylor, F; Martin, N; Gottlieb, S; Taylor, RS; Ebrahim, S (18 December 2014). "Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 12: CD009217. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009217.pub3. PMID 25519688.
  3. ^ a b Taylor, RS; Ashton, KE; Moxham, T; et al. (6 July 2011). "Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (7): CD009217. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009217. PMID 21735439.

Old sources

We should be using sources from the last 3 to 5 years typically. 2002 is definitely too old and 2008 is a little too old.

This removed: <block> However, the long held belief that a high-salt diet raises the risk of cardio-vascular disease is coming under scrutiny.[1] More recently, dietary salt was demonstrated to attenuate nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to vessel homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium.[2] </block>

The second ref is also a small primary source. We should be using secondary sources. And it cannot be "more recently" when all the other sources are newer than this.

ALso "However, the effects of recommending decreasing sodium intake are not entirely clear." was changed to "Despite these recommendations, the effects of decreasing sodium intake are not entirely clear." which is not what the source says. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:13, 23 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ McCarron, David A. (2008). "Dietary sodium and cardiovascular and renal disease risk factors: dark horse or phantom entry?". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 23 (7): 2133–7. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn312. PMC 2441768. PMID 18587159.
  2. ^ Osanai T, Fujiwara N, Saitoh M; et al. (2002). "Relationship between salt intake, nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine and its relevance to patients with end-stage renal disease". Blood Purif. 20 (5): 466–8. doi:10.1159/000063555. PMID 12207094. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

First section, last para

2,000 mg is 2 grams, not 5. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.146.147.106 (talk) 11:40, 17 September 2015 (UTC)[reply]


History section and the idea that 'salary' derives from Roman soldiers being paid in salt

This somewhat contradicts Wikipedia's own entry on the word:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salary#Salarium -- "the Latin word salarium linked employment, salt, and soldiers, but the exact link is not very clear"

The reference there is to http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=salary but see also the OED website:

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/salary -- "Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French salarie, from Latin salarium, originally denoting a Roman soldier's allowance to buy salt, from sal 'salt'." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.162.71 (talk) 23:52, 25 September 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Processed food

I noticed that "processed food" in the Diet and health section isn't wikilinked, and then I noticed that there is no article with that title to wikilink to anyway. I wondered if it would be better to point to Food processing or Convenience food, and I decided to read the reference to see how it defined "processed food". But the reference link doesn't work. Should that whole sentence be replaced with some more precise wording and a new reference? — Muéro(talk/c) 16:31, 22 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Low Sodium Salt

There should maybe a mention to and/or simple link addressing Salt vs Low Sodium Salt 80.5.219.60 (talk) 18:59, 22 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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