Timeline of HAL Tejas
Appearance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/AeroIndia-09_HAL_Tejas.jpg/220px-AeroIndia-09_HAL_Tejas.jpg)
This is a timeline of the development of the HAL Tejas, a light-weight, multirole fighter aircraft manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
1980s
1983
- DRDO obtained permission to initiate a programme to design and develop a Light Combat Aircraft
1984
- Government of India set up Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) in 1984 as the nodal agency for managing and developing the LCA.
1985
- IAF submitted Air Staff Requirements (ASR) for LCA in October 1985. This was initiated by the then Air Chief Marshal Idris Hassan Latif.
1986
- Government allocates ₹575 crore (equivalent to ₹78 billion or US$940 million in 2023) for the LCA programme.
- Programme to develop an indigenous powerplant (engine)-Kaveri[1] was launched at GTRE.
1987
- Project definition commenced in October 1987 with French Dassault-Breguet Aviation as consultants.[1] Dassault-Breguet were to assist in the design and systems integration of the aircraft, with 30 top-flight engineers reported to have flown to India to act as technical advisers to IADA, in exchange for $100m.[2][3]
1989
- Government review committee expresses confidence in LCA programme. It was decided that the programme will be carried out in two phases.
1990s
1990
- Design of LCA was finalised as a small delta winged relaxed static stability aircraft.
- Phase 1 of the development was commenced to create the proof of concept system. Financial problems within India prevented full scale operations from starting.
1993
- Full funding started from April 1993 full-scale development work for phase 1 started in June.
1995
- First technology demonstrator, TD-1, rolled out on 17 November 1995 and was followed by TD-2 in 1998. However, technical problems in flight control systems and structural deficiencies plagued the prototypes and they remained grounded.
1997
- Multi-Mode Radar (MMR) for LCA design work started at HAL’s Hyderabad division and the LRDE.
2000s
2001
- 4 January – LCA’s maiden flight successfully completed by Technology Demonstrator TD-1, on 2001. Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee renames LCA as Tejas.
- Development assistance sought from Snecma on the Kaveri engine.[4]
2002
- 6 June – TD-2 makes a successful maiden flight.
- MMR system was reported to be not working as per the criteria laid down in requirements.
2003
- Tejas crossed the sonic barrier for the first time[1]
- 25 November – PV-1 makes a successful maiden flight.
2005
- 1 December – PV-2 makes a successful maiden flight.
2006
- 14 May – The PV-2 went supersonic again, but this time in a weaponised state (i.e., carrying weapons such as missiles and an internal gun).
- 1 December – The PV-3 flew for the first time for 27 minutes at an altitude of 2.5 km and at a speed of Mach 0.8. The PV-3 was equipped with a more advanced pilot interface, refined avionics and higher control law capabilities compared with the previous versions.
2007
- 25 April – The first Limited Series Production LCA (LSP-1) made its first flight and it reached a speed of Mach 1.1.
- PV-2 and PV-3 underwent sea-level trials at INS Rajali Naval Air Station, Arakkonam to study the effects of flying at sea-level, as all earlier trials have been conducted at Bangalore which is 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea-level.[5][6] The reliability of the LCA systems under the hot and humid conditions, as well as low level flight characteristics was tested.[7][8] It is due to this intense flight testing schedule that the LCA was not able to fly at the Paris air show-2007, as was originally planned.[9]
- 7 September – Tejas Prototype Vehicle (PV-1) made a successful maiden flight with two 800 litre drop tanks.[10][11]
- 25 October – Tejas PV-1 fired a Vympel R-73 missile for first time. The trials were conducted off the Goa coast at INS Hansa Naval Air Station.[12]
- 11 December – LITENING targeting pod was successfully tested on Tejas PV-2.[13]
2008
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/HAL_Tejas_at_LeH.jpg/220px-HAL_Tejas_at_LeH.jpg)
- 7 February – Tejas Prototype Vehicle (PV-1) made a successful flight powered by fuel from two 800-litre drop tanks. It made a 1-hour-24-minute-long sortie. On internal fuel LCA can perform a 40-minute sortie.[14]
- April – First flight with HMDS[15]
- May – LCA Tejas prototypes PV-2 and PV-3 underwent hot weather flight trials at Air Force Station, Nagpur from 28 May 2008 to 4 June 2008. The trials were declared successful.
- 16 June – Tejas second Limited Series Production LCA (LSP-2) made its first flight and it reached a speed of Mach 1.1.
- 7 November – LCA Prototype Vehicle-3 made its first successful night flight.[16]
- 13 December – PV-3 and LSP-2 completed the high-altitude trials at the Leh air base.[17]
2009
- 22 January – Tejas completed 1000 flights.[18]
- February – the live bombs test were successfully carried out.[19]
- October – PV-3 and LSP-2 completed visual target elimination and air-to-ground weapons delivery trials.[20]
- 26 November – Two seater (Trainer) version of Tejas(PV-5) made its maiden flight on 26 Nov 2009.[21]
- 7 December – Tejas passed flight flutter test diving from an altitude of four kilometers to almost sea level at 900 feet (270 m). Tejas recorded a speed over 1350 km/h. These tests were conducted at INS Hansa, Goa.[22]
- 15 December – Indian government sanctioned Rs 8,000 crores to begin production of the fighter jet for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.[23]
2010s
2010
- 23 April – LCA Tejas LSP-3 Makes Maiden Flight. LSP-3 is almost the final configuration including the new air-data computers, Hybrid Multi Mode Radar, new communication and navigation equipment and radar warning receiver. With this the LCA programme has completed 1350 test flights logging about 800 flying hours.[24]
- 2 June – LCA Tejas LSP-4 Makes maiden flight. The flight marks the first time for a Tejas aircraft flying in the configuration that will be finally delivered to the Indian Air Force.[25] In addition to the Hybrid MMR, the aircraft also flew with a functioning Countermeasure Dispensing System [26]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Tejas_Trainer_62_New_Delhi_Parade.jpg/220px-Tejas_Trainer_62_New_Delhi_Parade.jpg)
- 19 November – LCA Tejas LSP-5 Makes Maiden Flight. Goes supersonic in first flight.[27]
2011
- 10 January – Certification for the Release to Services with assured safety and specified performance for IOC.[28]
- 26 January – LCA Tejas participates in the 26 January Republic Day Celebrations by being paraded at New Delhi.
- September – LCA Tejas undergoes bombing runs at Pokhran Test Range.
2012
- 9 March – LCA Tejas LSP-7 Makes Maiden Flight[29]
- 27 April – 1st Naval LCA prototype NP-1 makes maiden flight.[30]
- 27 June – HAL Tejas (LSP 2, 3 and 5) completed precision bombing runs in the desert of Rajasthan, for the second time.[31]
2013
- 31 March 2013 – LSP 8 had a successful maiden test flight at Bangalore.[32]
- 28 September – The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas successfully completed the maiden engine relight test on Friday—a critical parameter the programme needs to achieve for the Initial Operational Clearance 2 (IOC-2). The Limited Series Production (LSP-7) aircraft from the Tejas flight-line, piloted by Gp Capt R R Tyagi, underwent the engine relight test at 1 pm. The LSP-7 was chased by a Hawk aircraft.[33]
- 20 December – Indian Defence Minister A. K. Antony handed over the "Release to Service Document" of the country’s own Light Combat Aircraft to the Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne.[1]
2014
- 28 May 2014 – LSPs 3, 5 and 7 successfully complete advanced weapons trials.[34]
2015
- 17 January – IAF gets first indigenously built light combat aircraft Tejas – The LCA Tejas Series Production-1 (SP1) was handed over by Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar to Indian Air Force Chief Air Marshal Arup Raha in Bengaluru on Saturday.[1]
- 7 February – First flight of the Naval prototype (NP-2) with ski-jump take-off and arrested landing required in STOBAR carrier.[35]
- 10 July – The Indian Government drops indication that project may be farmed out to private sector.[36]
- 30 September – Decision was taken to start mass-production of the Tejas Mk-1A[37]
- 1 December – Indian Government announced it will order 100 Tejas Mk-1As for the IAF [38]
- Late December – Tejas SP pulls 8g during test flights, clearing a critical flight test parameter towards attaining final operational clearance.[39]
2016
- 16 January – Tejas SP makes first overseas flight to participate in the 2016 Bahrain International Airshow.[40]
- 21 January – Tejas SP makes international debut at the 2016 Bahrain International Airshow.[41][42]
- 15 March – As per the current schedule, by March 2017, HAL needs to complete the testing and flight trials ahead of certification.[43]
- 16 March – MoS for Defence Rao Inderjit Singh said a proposal for ramping up of production of LCA from the present installed capacity of 8–16 aircraft per annum is being processed, and around Rs.1,259 crore will be spent for the purpose. A case for an additional 80 LCA Mk-1A fighters is also being progressed for placing orders.[44]
- 1 July – Tejas SP1 and SP2 (Mk. 1) formally inducted into IAF. First squadron of two aircraft raised at Bengaluru; remaining 18 aircraft to be supplied by 2018.[45]
- 28 September – Tejas SP3 made its maiden flight [46]
- 2 December – The Indian Navy rejected Tejas MK1 Navy for being too overweight for carrier operations.[47][48]
2017
- Mar 3 - LCA Tejas SP-4, completes first flight, and is slated to become the fourth member of the No. 45 Squadron of the Indian Airforce (Flying Daggers).[49]
- May 12 - Tejas successfully fired Derby, an Air-to-Air BVR missile, in radar guided mode at Interim Test Range (ITR), Chandipur.[50]
- Jun 30 - LCA Tejas SP-6, completes maiden flight from HAL Airport in Bengaluru and is slated to become the fifth member of the first Squadron of LCA Tejas (Squadron 45 of the Indian Airforce).[49]
- Dec 12 - LCA Tejas SP-7, completes maiden flight from HAL Airport in Bengaluru and is slated to become sixth member of Squadron 45 of the Indian Airforce.[51]
- Dec 20 - among the largest ever deals that Government of India has sanctioned for the domestic arms sector, it paved the way for the manufacture of 83 indigenous LCA Tejas Mk-1A by HAL under the Make in India defence manufacturing programme, which is likely to be worth close to ₹60,000 crore (US$7 billion).[52]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Milestones – History – Tejas – India's Light Combat Aircraft". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Dassault wins Indian LCA contract". www.flightglobal.com. Flight International. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ^ Smith, Chris (2 June 1994). India's Ad Hoc Arsenal: Direction Or Drift in Defence Policy? (1 ed.). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. p. 173. ISBN 019829168X. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ^ "2001 – 0499 – Flight Archive". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Zee News: Latest News Headlines, Current Live Breaking News from India & World". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "NEWKERALA.COM for News, Information & Entertainment Stuff". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "IAF". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Defense19". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ David Donald, India’s Tejas missed the show because of tests, Aviation International News, Paris Air Show, June 2007.
- ^ "Zee News: Latest News Headlines, Current Live Breaking News from India & World". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ "Tejas flight, with drop tanks, successful". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 February 2008.
- ^ [4]
- ^ "India's Tejas LCA makes maiden flight by night".
- ^ "LCA high-altitude trials at Leh successful: DRDO". The Times Of India. 16 December 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ^ [5]
- ^ "Tejas crosses a milestone". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "national – News – msn". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Tejas Trainer Makes successful Maiden Flight" (PDF). Ada.gov.in. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ [6]
- ^ [7] [dead link]
- ^ Shiv Aroor. "LIVEFIST: PHOTOS: LCA Tejas LSP-3 Makes Maiden Flight!". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "First flight of Tejas aircraft LSP-4". Times of India. 2 June 2010.
- ^ Ajai Shukla. "Tejas boosts test programme". Business Standard.
- ^ [8][dead link]
- ^ "Tarmak007 – A bold blog on Indian defence: Happy New Year: Takeoff 2011 with Tejas' fireworks! Countdown for IOC begins & ADA says 'all set for Jan 10'". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Tarmak007 – A bold blog on Indian defence: Breaking on Tarmak007: Tejas LSP-7 flight successful". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ [9]
- ^ "Tejas LSP-8 makes its maiden flight". The New Indian Express. 1 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ "Maiden engine relight test of Tejas held". The New Indian Express. 28 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- ^ "Advanced Weapon Trials of Tejas Fighter Completed". The New Indian Express. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
- ^ "Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant". The Economic Times. 7 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
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(help) - ^ "LCA programme: India's Rs 10,397 crore disaster may finally be handed over to the private sector". Firstpost. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ Sen, Sudhi Ranjan (29 September 2015). "Despite Flaws, India to Induct Tejas Mark 1-A Fighter Aircraft". Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Govt to order 100 Tejas aircrafts [sic] for IAF- Business News". www.businesstoday.in. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "OneIndia Exclusive: Tejas pilots pull 8 'g' and beyond clearing critical FOC point". www.oneindia.com. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
- ^ "Tejas makes History at Bahrain". www.business-standard.com. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
- ^ "Watch: Proud moments for India as LCA Tejas zooms across Bahrain skies". Zee News. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ "Tejas is a pilot's delight". Bharat Shakti. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ Dr Anantha Krishnan M. "HAL begins integration of mid-air-refueling probe on Tejas". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "India to double production of LCA Tejas". Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "After three decades, indigenous Tejas aircraft inducted into IAF". The Indian Express. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "Tejas SP-3 maiden flight successful, all eyes on Hindon". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms
- ^ http://www.janes.com/article/65993/indian-navy-rejects-naval-version-of-tejas-lca-seeks-alternative
- ^ a b "Tejas – India's Light Combat Aircraft".
- ^ "Press Information Bureau". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Tejas First Flight".
- ^ https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-paves-way-for-rs-60-000-crore-deal-to-buy-83-tejas-fighter-jets-1790288.
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