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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 2001:8003:4f0b:4500:298a:4295:f704:ecfb (talk) at 14:27, 2 March 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Multi ethnic multi linguistic people of Assam

I read a Time article regarding the India-Bangladesh border and it used the term "ethnic Assamese" as distinct from Bodos and Bengalis. Are the Assamese an ethnic group? Saimdusan Talk|Contribs 09:44, 4 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

The Assamese is not an ethnic group. Many ethnic groups comprise the Assamese people. Chaipau (talk) 21:47, 10 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I understand that the claims of the source I added are controversial, but that does not mean they should entirely be removed from the article. Saimdusan Talk|Contribs 22:51, 10 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Regarding the response you made on my userpage:

I appreciate your enthusiasm on editing these pages, but what you are trying to insert are simplistic caricatures of a complex situation, that began more than 100 years ago. Instead of clarifying the situation in NPOV fashion, you are inadvertently feeding into these caricatures. There are many mistakes you have made. The government at Delhi has not been able to clearly define the Assamese people (this is related to who the Assamese people are who will benefit from the provisions of the Assam Accord). So that definition is a legal definition, not necessarily a sociological one. The Assamese themselves are made up of many communities. This has been stated clearly in Saikia's book. Yet you choose to ignore it. The BJP is not against the Bengalis---and btw, the BJP is very strong in the Barak Valley. They are against the muslims. If you take the position of the AASU, the organisation that spearheaded the Assam movement, then the Assamese people are against the influx of bangladeshis (actually all foreigners), irrespective of religion or language. I have no choice but to delete most of what you have written because I cannot edit and correct then piecemeal. They are inherently wrong.

— Chaipau

Chaipau, I am not trying to simplify this complex situation, I am simply adding the information that I found in the "Fragmented Memories" source. You are welcome to add more sources that clarify the situation further. I do not choose to ignore that the Assamese people are made up of many communities - add this information and improve the article!

Of course the BJP is not against the Bengalis, my edit clearly says "the expulsion of Bengali Muslims". Perhaps it should be changed to "Bengali Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh".

Do you have a source that says that the government in Delhi is having trouble defining the Assamese people? Fragmented Memories claims that they have defined ethnic Assamese to mean "the Assamese-speaking community of the Brahmaputra valley". I would love to see a source that backs up your claim, then we can add it to the article.

You seem to have some resentment towards my edits, have I offended you in some way? If not, I apologize for suggesting it. I find your tone somewhat aggressive, due to "I have no choice but to delete most of what you have written because I cannot edit and correct then piecemeal. They are inherently wrong." They are not "inherently wrong", even you only have a problem with the specifics of the information and how it is worded. Saimdusan Talk|Contribs 01:49, 11 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

As I mentioned, I welcome your enthusiasm. But it is frustrating when a single controversial source is cited and the editors are left to clean up afterwards.
The problem with defining Assamese people is stated and referenced in the article itself. You just have to read them. There are two newspaper reports referenced there.
Stating simply that the BJP is against "Bengali Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh" is almost a truism. But it is not the BJP that articulates the anti-immigrant position. It is the AASU, as I mentioned earlier. There is a difference in the BJP and AASU positions on this.
Chaipau (talk) 02:08, 11 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]


I agree with Chaipau, the term "Ethnic Assamese" is really meaningless. If it is defined as "Assamese-speaking ethnic group of Assam", then Tai-Ahom also falls within that group as they speak Assamese as their Mother Tongue. I would love to see some original references published by GOI where it is defined, if is really so. Bikram98 (talk) 08:48, 12 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Even though Chaipau is right, there are many misconceptions within the Assamese community too. For instance, the people of Lower Assam think that the entire Upper Assam consists of tribal population which is entirely untrue. One look at the history of Assam can tell that the region has always been a part of Kamrupa or Pragjyotishpura. Even before the arrival of Ahoms, the Hindu community of Sutiyas formed the majority in Upper Assam and built many Hindu temples during that time. Even the accepted form of Assamese language was developed by intermixing Prakrit and Sutiya languages. [1]Qwertywander1 (talk) 10:25, 5 August 2017 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_language#CITEREFSaikia1997

population ?

what is the estimated population of this group or possibly the most recent census numbers im trying to get a idea in my head of how many of these people there are. 76.244.145.122 (talk) 06:21, 13 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

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Dravidian element in Assamese people

The idea that the Assamese people have Dravidian element has been extensively discussed here: Talk:Indo-Aryan_migration_to_Assam#Content_removal. In the discussion, it was decided that

  • Dravidian is a linguistic category and there is no evidence of any direct Dravidian elements in Assamese language
  • Any use of the Dravidian as a racial category cannot be admitted in Wikipedia.

Please adhere to these these two rules. If any other evidence emerges in scholarship, please discuss it here for consensus before inserting in the article.

Thank you!

Chaipau (talk) 21:14, 29 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

The idea that the Assamese people have Dravidian element has been extensively discussed here: Talk:Indo-Aryan_migration_to_Assam#Content_removal. Yes, issue was discussed there and third opinion ask for evidences by author, which neither of us can provide. Thus, in that way most of the content need to be removed. I followed up by asking wp:rsn what is the criteria for reliable sources in wikipedia, see [1] which says If you have one researcher saying X, and everyone else saying Y - X might not bear mentioning and in any event the scope would be limited even if mentioned. If it is a 50-50 split - both should be mentioned equally, 80-20 - you still have to devote some space to the 20, etc. Thus, it is included. Dravidian is a linguistic category and there is no evidence of any direct Dravidian elements in Assamese The Dravidian is ethno-linguistic group, we do have linguistic evidences, Bhuna (1995) provided Dravidian words in Assamese such as anal (fire), alas (idleness), katu (severe), kanan (bower), kutir (house) etc. Any use of the Dravidian as a racial category cannot be admitted in Wikipedia. As mentioned Dravidian people is ethno-linguistic group. If any other evidence emerges in scholarship, please discuss it here for consensus before inserting in the article. I need to keep references intact to demonstrate that there is academic consensus among Assamese authors about migration chronology which follows Austroasiatic people, Dravidian people, Tibeto-Burman, Indo-Aryan, Tai pattern see [2], [3], [4], [5]. I reckon as you started discussion here, take it to relevant noticeboard for wider audience and quick disposal of matter.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 04:35, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Kindly take the issue to wp:rsn immediately, i will remove all the citations myself, as required. Dravidian people chronology is originally part of this article, which is removed by you recently.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 06:49, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
You are reiterating the same arguments you made in the previous discussion, which were rejected.
  • As far as 50-50 or 80-20 is concerned, the result of the discussion was summarized by the third opinion: "But, on balance, I suggest that we don't here need to report brief, un-evidenced comments based on muddled thinking. I propose simply to take the Dravidian comment out."
  • Dravidian words in Assamese is not a direct evidence of Dravidian element because Indo-Aryans languages, including Vedic Sanskrit, have Dravidian loan words (Substrata in the Vedic language).
Chaipau (talk) 07:10, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
The Dravidian reference was removed with the discussion referenced in the edit summary 879659612. Chaipau (talk) 07:17, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
You are reiterating the same arguments you made in the previous discussion, which were rejected. I answered this in my previous post. As far as 50-50 or 80-20 is concerned, the result of the discussion was summarized by the third opinion.The consensus can be changed. But, on balance, I suggest that we don't here need to report brief, un-evidenced comments based on muddled thinking. I propose simply to take the Dravidian comment out. Please refer to my link from rsn on dynamics of citation. Dravidian words in Assamese is not a direct evidence of Dravidian element because Indo-Aryans languages, including Vedic Sanskrit, have Dravidian loan words (Substrata in the Vedic language). This against what Bhuna (2005) wrote, fails wp:or.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 08:35, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Since you are challenging the third party opinion, please take it to the forum of your choice. You are disrupting by WP:POINT. Chaipau (talk) 08:49, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Please refer to link of wp:rsn above which is newer to third opinion. As you initiated both the discussion, ball is in your court now. This article is talking of assimilation, you need to broader consensus to remove citations in bulk.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 09:00, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
WP:RSN comments were general comments not related to this particular issue. Chaipau (talk) 10:51, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Please see wp:3r, kindly restore the citations until you proved that they are unreliable. wp:rsn provides guidelines to build articles, which needs to be follow. You can challenge them if think they are inadequate.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 11:14, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
You are running in circles, i am tired of repetitive arguements, take it to next level.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 12:20, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Thanks for the ping. Indeed, neither edit warring nor repeated arguments are likely to be helpful. The sources you mention are still conceptually confused (Dravidian is a linguistic concept not a genetic one), badly out of date, and they never produced any evidence to support their muddled ideas. You may feel that dispute resolution is appropriate, in which case please continue down that path. Or, on reflection, it may be time to drop the issue. Richard Keatinge (talk) 13:22, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Richard Keatinge i do agree with you that Dravidian is a ethno-linguistic group not racial, which is agreed by all. The term race used by some authors in context of ("a group of people sharing the same culture, history, language, etc", as provided in oxford English dictionary) a ethnic group. The Austro-Asiatics and Tibeto-Burman group which are part of early population of Assam/Brahmaputra Valley are descendents of South-East Asian and East Asian ancestors respectively, thus genetically and linguistically different from Dravidian and Aryan people of India, so it worth mentioning if there is academic consensus among Assamese authors on subject. The local authors identified Dravidian speaking people in Assam e.g. Bania, Kaibarta and Dravidian words in Assamese language, as mentioned above.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 15:00, 30 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Local authors deserve no special treatment in this case—and are subject to regular Wikipedia standards. To keep insisting that "Dravidian" be inserted one way or the other is disruptive to Wikipedia activity. Chaipau (talk) 09:17, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Broken links - *[6]*[7],*[8],*[9]भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 14:25, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
  • [10] - is a Gazetteer entry without any references or citations, where it make a dubious claim of Kamakhya originating with Dravidian people. Most scholars, following Banikanta Kakati believe Kamakhya originated with Austroasiatic speakers.
  • The next two use Dravidian as meaning a race. "different races of mankind - Austric, Mongolian,Dravidian and Aryan had migrated into the region", "multiple races of various ethnic stocks. Besides Austric, Dravidian, Aryan and Mongoloid".
  • The last mentions Dravidians as a linguistic group, without any explanation.
Chaipau (talk) 17:36, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
[11] - is a Gazetteer entry without any references or citations, where it make a dubious claim of Kamakhya originating with Dravidian people. Most scholars, following Banikanta Kakati believe Kamakhya originated with Austroasiatic speakers. Not true, K.L Barua and others associated cult of linga and yoni of Kamakhya with Dravidian people and culture.The next two use Dravidian as meaning a race. "different races of mankind - Austric, Mongolian,Dravidian and Aryan had migrated into the region", "multiple races of various ethnic stocks. Besides Austric, Dravidian, Aryan and Mongoloid i answered this in my previous posts.The last mentions Dravidians as a linguistic group, without any explanation. its accordance to what others are saying. The issue is of wp:neutrality.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 02:48, 1 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
You are wrong on two counts with your first assertion. (1) K L Baruah had passed (1940) by the time B K Kakati published his Mother Goddess Kamakhya (1948). In any case, K L Baruah published his work in 1933, a little under a hundred years ago. Thus not reliable. Kakati's is old too, but authors like High Urban (2009) agree with him on this.
Chaipau (talk) 23:21, 1 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
You are wrong on two counts with your first assertion. (1) K L Baruah had passed (1940) by the time B K Kakati published his Mother Goddess Kamakhya (1948). In any case, K L Baruah published his work in 1933, a little under a hundred years ago. Thus not reliable. Kakati's is old too, but authors like High Urban (2009) agree with him on this.The K.L Barua was eminent historian from Assam, his works are regularly republished and quoted by modern historians. Thus the argument he is obsolete is not acceptable.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 02:31, 4 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Edit warring

@Chaipau: @Bhaskarbhagawati:. Both please read Wikipedia:Edit warring. It is absolutely not appropriate to edit war in this manner. I have fully protected this article for a week. Use this time to discuss your edits and come to an agreement. Further edit warring after the protection lapses will see you blocked for a lengthy period of time. Fish+Karate 11:33, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Fish and karate indeed discussion will continue, thanks for fully protecting the article.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 12:58, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

RfC - Are Dravidians a component of the Assamese people?

Are Dravidians a component of the Assamese people?

Chaipau (talk) 13:07, 31 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you. I notice that we still have no linguistic evidence of early Dravidian speakers in Assam, nor of early genetic influx from an ancient south Indian population. (I note that the modern Assamese language does include words known to be of (recent) Dravidian origin, and I presume that at least some modern inhabitants of Assam can trace their ancestry to south India. These uncontentious points are not relevant to the ancient population of Assam.) We should not insert comments which muddle the genetic and cultural aspects of the outdated concept of "race", and which do not present evidence of Dravidian or Ancient South Indian influence in ancient Assam. It is useless to reiterate ill-founded remarks. Richard Keatinge (talk) 13:00, 4 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
And, thanks for the references and quotations below, but they do appear to confuse genetics with culture, and they don't present any serious evidence. Rather than reiterate them, it would be much better to find adequate evidence. Richard Keatinge (talk) 13:40, 7 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
@Richard Keatinge: Thank you for your comment. Yes, there has been no mention of Dravidian population groups in genetic studies in recent times, even in the case of peninsular India—rather serious talk mentions Ancestral South Indian, which is itself a mixture of many different population groups.[1] It is, therefore, a matter of great concern that whereas the "Dravidian" people have disappeared from the Indian map, they are now surfacing in Assam! Chaipau (talk) 16:15, 9 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Richard Keatinge Thank you for your comment. yes his current and earlier comments are helpful. Yes, there has been no mention of Dravidian population groups in genetic studies in recent times, even in the case of peninsular India—rather serious talk mentions Ancestral South Indian, which is itself a mixture of many different population groups.<ref>{{cite| last=Wade |first=Lizzie| title=South Asians are descended from a mix of farmers, herders, and hunter-gatherers, ancient DNA reveals| url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/south-asians-are-descended-mix-farmers-herders-and-hunter-gatherers-ancient-dna-reveals | date=2018}} and links to the Narasimhan et. al. (2018) article therein.</ref>It is, therefore, a matter of great concern that whereas the "Dravidian" people have disappeared from the Indian map, they are now surfacing in Assam! the article is claiming nothing relevant to current discussion, the more appropriate recent article is 'Dravidian languages may offer insights into Eurasian prehistory'.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 02:12, 10 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
The newspaper report user:Bhaskarbhagawati cites pivots away from the use of the "Dravidian" as a race term (in the list of references he has reiterated) and uses it as a linguistic term, which is acceptable. But all it does is make a claim that the Dravidian "language" is 4500 years old and so is bound to have a wide influence. It does not say anything specific about Assam. Therefore, I would like to accept the comment of @Richard Keatinge: and close this matter. Else, we will have to take this to the dispute resolution stage. @Fish and karate:, @Samsara:, FYI. Chaipau (talk) 16:06, 10 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]
The newspaper report user:Bhaskarbhagawati cites pivots away from the use of the "Dravidian" as a race term (in the list of references he has reiterated) and uses it as a linguistic term, which is acceptable. I have already answered this above. But all it does is make a claim that the Dravidian "language" is 4500 years old and so is bound to have a wide influence. It does not say anything specific about Assam. it is for your last comment about the Dravidian ethno-linguistic group disappeared from India already. Therefore, I would like to accept the comment of Richard Keatinge and close this matter. Else, we will have to take this to the dispute resolution stage. try to include some sources, then it can be taken to relevant noticeboard. Thanks for pinging other users.भास्कर् Bhagawati Speak 17:11, 10 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

The references provided by user:Bhaskarbhagawati are under discussion at Reliable sources noticeboard Chaipau (talk) 14:54, 21 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ Wade, Lizzie (2018), South Asians are descended from a mix of farmers, herders, and hunter-gatherers, ancient DNA reveals and links to the Narasimhan et. al. (2018) article therein.

References

References by Chaipau

Profanity by IP Comment Suggestion

IP address used profanity, against WP:Cooperation ,I hope admins will protect the page.Sairg (talk) 09:30, 2 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

That's not profanity @Sairg:. It's a common word used in Anglosphere countries. Just because you disagree with my choice of words does not mean you revert edits with sources. I reverted edits made by an IP user that you also reverted so why did you revert my edits? Also you put this in the wrong section. Look at what you're doing. (2001:8003:4F0B:4500:298A:4295:F704:ECFB (talk) 14:25, 2 March 2019 (UTC))[reply]

Bibliography

  1. ^ Baruah, Roy Choudhury, Amlan, S. B. (1999). Assam state gazetteer - Volume 1. Editor-in-Chief, District Gazetteers, Govt. of Assam. Thus the antiquity of human civilization in Assam has been established beyond doubt by the discovery of stone celts used by the neolithic people in various part of it. These neoliths as well as linguistic and morphological evidences prove that the ancient inhabitants of Assam were of the Austric stock and not of the Dravidian as it was once supposed to be. The next wave of migration to this country brought the Dravidians, whose history is at least as old as the Austro- Asiatics. They were cultured people belonging to the Chalcoiithic age, who, in the remote past, inhabited Northern India supplanting the Austric races. The Aryans adopted many elements of Dravidian culture and religion, including the cult of linga and yoni. The antiquity Of this cult in Assam is proved by the temple of goddess Kamakhya. The Dravidians got so mixed up with the Mongoloids, who came to the Brahmaputra Valley a little later after them that as a result of their inter-fusion, a new type called Mongoloid-Dravidian originated. The Mongoloids belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family of the Indo-Chinese group, who now predominate the indigenous population of Assam, migrated to this country from their original home in western China.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Kunda, Bijan Kumar (2007). Politics in the Brahmaputra Valley, since the Assam Accord. Om Publications, Assam, India. p. 72. Before embarking on the discussion on demographic change during the post colonial phase it may be mentioned here that different races of mankind - Austric, Mongolian,Dravidian and Aryan had migrated into the region - particularly in the Brahmaputra Valley since the ancient time which made Assam a multi-racial region.
  3. ^ Kalita, Bharat (2006). Martial Traditions of North East India (edited by Sristidhar Dutta, Byomakesh Tripathy). Concept Publishing Company. p. 228. Assam or in broader term present North east frontier region of India has been a museum of anthropology due to presence of multiple races of various ethnic stocks. Besides Austric, Dravidian, Aryan and Mongoloid, there emerged scores of sub-races both in the hilly tracts and Brahmaputra and Surama valleys. Intermixing of blood between the main stocks perhaps resulted this multiplicity of sub-races developing into a political and territorial sectioning of the area.
  4. ^ Mali, Dharani Dhar (1989). Economic problems & planning in Assam. Omsons Publications. p. 44. Since time immemorial Assam has been the meeting Ground of diverse ethnic and cultural streams. The principal migrants have been the Austro-Asiatics, the Dravidians, the Tibeto-Burman, the Mongoloid and Aryans.
  5. ^ Barua, Dasa, Harendranath, Yogesa (1992). Reflections on Assam, 1944-1983: a collection of writings. Harendranath Barua Memorial Society. p. 72. The Assamese language is like the population of Assam proper a mixed product of diverse elements of different languages — Austric, Mongolian, Dravidian and Aryan etc.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Deka, K. (1978). Assamese Society During the Early British Period (in North East India: A Sociological Study). Concept Publishing Company. p. 27. Assam, the frontier outpost of Indian civilisation, is the meeting ground of peoples of different origin who have entered into the province at different periods of history. These people of various races, namely the Austrics, the Dravidians, the Aryans- and the Tibeto-Burmans, after being confronted with each other, have gradually transformed themselves into a plural society with a composite culture. Though, the Aryanisation of the land of the remote past developed a society fundamentally based on Aryan ideas, the other non-Arya tribes, who existed there and who came since, were readily absorbed or got themselves assimilated in this general pattern of the social structure.
  7. ^ Barua, Hem (1956). The Red River and the Blue Hill. Lawyer's Book Stall. p. 42. This, in a nutshell, is the history of races and peoples that makes the ethnological map of the country and weaves its distinct pattern; Assam is a virgin soil for the Verrier Elwins. The principal races of peoples that have migrated into it are : the Austro-Asiatics, the Dravidians, the Tibeto-Burmans, the Mongoloids and the Aryans. The earliest wave of people to migrate into it, as morphological and linguistic evidences pointed out by philologists like Dr. B. Kakati show, is supposed to be is supposed to be the Austro-Asiatics. These were the principal races of people in the distant most loom of history that built a culture of their own, and dominated a major portion of south-east Asia as Cambodia, the Nicobar Islands, Upper Burma,- and some parts of Australia. In India, races of these people are found to some extent in Chota Nagpur and the Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Assam,  as pointed out by scholars like Dr. B. Kakati.' {{cite book}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 185 (help)
  8. ^ Barua, Hem (1956). The Red River and the Blue Hill. Lawyer's Book Stall. p. 44. The history of the Dravidians here is supposed to be as old as that of the Austro-Asiatics, if not older. The Dravidians, according to the Early History of Kamarupa, "were a cultured people belonging to the Chalcolithic Age, who in the remote past inhabited the whole of northern India supplanting the Austric races". It might be that the Dravidians were the principal group of people in this country before the civilisation of the Mahabharata time spread ; yet it is taken on authentic grounds that the Aryan civilisation spread into Assam even in the pre- Mahabharata Age. In support of this, it can be pointed out from the Ramayana that Amurtliaraja, son of an Aryan king Kusa by name, who ruled in Madhyadesa, migrated into this land with some of his Aryan followers, and founded the kingdom of Pragjyotishpura. This shows that Assam came within the pale of Aryan civilisation at a very early time. Kamarupa or Pragjyotisha was recognised as a centre of Brahmanical (Sakta) and Buddhist tantricsm by the Aryans at a very early date ; it was probably done sometime during the second half of the first millenium A.D. The Dravidians might be regarded as the next group of people in relation to the Austro-Asiatics, in point of time, to migrate and dwell in this land. There are ethnologists who suppose that the Bania and the Kaibarta communities here are the remote survivors of this great race of people. There is a belief that the early Dravidian stock got so mixed up with the early Indo-Chinese people here that it inevitably led to a chiselling of the edges of both the races. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 249 (help)
  9. ^ Assam, Land and People. Janasanyog. 1989. p. 44. The principal migrants have beeen the Austro-Asiatics, the Dravidians, the Tibeto-Burmans, the Mongoloids, and the Aryans. The Austro-Asiatics who constituted the earliest wave initially dwelt in the Brahmaputra valley but were later made by subsequent waves to find alternative homes in the hills. The Khasis and Jaintias of present Meghalaya are said to be their modern descendants. The Dravidians came next and ethnologists conjecture that the Bania and the Kaibarta communities of modern Assam are their modern descendants.
  10. ^ Goswami, Kali Prasad (1998). Kāmākhyā Temple: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 39. The Dravidians might be regarded as the next group of people in relation to the Austro-Asiatics, in point of time to migrate and dwell in this land. There are ethnologists who suppose that the Bania and the Kaibarta communities here are the remote survivors of this great race of people.
  11. ^ Bhushan, Chandra (2005). Assam: Its Heritage and Culture. Gyan Publishing House. p. 77. To call Assam a museum of variety of caste and tribes would not be a overstatement. History is a witness to immigration of numerous caste and tribes into the region. The Austrians, Dravid, Tibetan-Burmese, Mongols and Aryans came from many directions and seamlessly blended into one. The Austrians were the first to inhabitant the Brahmaputra valley, but after a while, were driven into the hills by invaders. It is said that Khasi and Jayantia living in Meghalaya belong to the same Austrian community. Subsequently people of Dravid community known as 'Kaibarta' and 'Bania' in modern Assam arrived and the Mongols followed them.
  12. ^ Sharma, Deba Brat (1995). Changing Cultural Mosaic of a Village in Assam. Punthi-Pustak, Kamrup. p. 55. Several inscriptions and early literature make references to the 'Kaivartas' and they are considered as one of the early non-Aryan inhabitants of Assam. It is believed that they were of Dravidian origin.
  13. ^ Gajrani, S. (2004). The People (A section in Assam chapter in History, Religion and Culture of India, Volume 6). Gyan Publishing House. p. 91. The population of Assam consists of many heterogeneous elements. Since time immemorial has been the meeting ground of diverse ethnic & cultural streams-the principle migrants have been the Austro-Asiatics, the Dravidians, the Tibeto-Burman, the Mongoloid and Aryans.
  14. ^ Taher, M (2001). Assam: An Introduction", in Bhagawati, A K, Geography of Assam. Rajesh Publications, New Delhi. p. 12. The first group of migrants to settle in this part of the country is perhaps the Austro-Asiatic language speaking people who came here from South-East Asia a few millennia before Christ. The second group of migrants came to Assam from the north, north-east and east. They are mostly the Tibeto-Burman language speaking people. From about the fifth century before Christ, there started a trickle of migration of the people speaking Indo-Aryan language from the Gangetic plain.
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