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{{coi|date=August 2021}}
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{{reliablesources|date=August 2021}}
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[[File: Statue of Subedar Guddemane Appaiah Gowda in Madikeri.jpg|thumb|Statue of Freedom Fighter Guddemane Appaiah Gowda in Madikeri]]
'''Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837''' (Kannada: {{transl|kn|ISO|Amara suḷyada svātantrya hōrāṭa, 1837}}) refers to the resistance against the oppressive practices of the then British East India Company. The movement took place twenty years before what is now known as the first war of Indian Independence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=13 |first1=News |title=ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ|url=https://news13.in/archives/168425|access-date=19 August 2021 |work=By, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike |language=English}}</ref>


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[[File:Statue of Subedar Guddemane Appaiah Gowda in Madikeri.jpg|thumb|Statue of Subedar Guddemane Appaiah Gowda in Madikeri]]
This movement took place in the year 1837.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karnataka |first1=Headline |title=ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು|url=https://headlinekarnataka.com/news/Article/6592/Independence-day-2021-history-of-Bavutagudde-in-Mangalore-up-went-the-rebel-flag |website=Headline Karanataka |language=English}}</ref>
The '''Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837''' (Kannada: {{transl|kn|ISO|Amara suḷyada svātantrya hōrāṭa 1837}}). It has been wrongly attributed as a Dange (a misadventure) by vested interests since the time of the British and also as a Kodagu- Canara Mutiny against the British government or ''Kalyanappana Katakayi'', ''Amara Sullia Raitha Horat''a. This incident took place twenty years before the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karnataka |first1=Headline |title=ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು ! |url=https://headlinekarnataka.com/news/Article/6592/Independence-day-2021-history-of-Bavutagudde-in-Mangalore-up-went-the-rebel-flag |website=Headline Karanataka |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=13 |first1=News |title=ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ|url=https://news13.in/archives/168425|access-date=19 August 2021 |work=News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike |language=English}}</ref> Its war of Independence with support of [[Arebhashe dialect|Arebhashe]] Speaking and [[Tulu language|Tulu]] Speaking local agrarian community. The people in today's Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and [[Kumble]], [[Kasaragod]] region in [[Kerala]] unprecedentedly supported the freedom Movement. Even 20 before the [[First War of Independence (India)|First war of Independence]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paniyadi |first1=Gururaj A. |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Amara Sulya Freedom Movement, the revolutionaries started the movement from Maduvegadde Sullia to Bavutagudde [[Mangaluru]] and brought down the Union Jack and hoisted a flag at Bavutagudde. For a period of 13 days, the Canara area relished the sweetness of Independence.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-amara-sullia-uprising-20-years-before-1857-873485.html |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


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== Early Rebellions ==
Members belonging to the [[Arebhashe dialect|Arebhashe]], as well as the [[Tulu language|Tulu]] cultural groups, took lead responsibility in this freedom movement.
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The [[British Government]] made a colossal change in the land revenue collecting system. They inducted major social, economic, and territorial changes in [[Kodagu]], for their administrative convenience and Part of [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] Taluk and [[Sullia]] was separated from Kodagu and made part of [[South Canara]] district, which was then part of the Madras province. This tax paying is new for people and they were not ready to accept as easy as Rajas Tax system.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krishnayya |first1=D N |title=Kodagina Ithihasa |date=2014 |publisher=Kannada Sahithya Parishath |isbn=978-93-82446-34-7 |pages=614}}</ref> All the agrarian community had difficulty paying the taxes Which made them revolt with the British Government.<ref>{{cite news |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=6 April 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Valase, Sangarsha, Samanvaya By Purushothama Bilimale, ''Akruthi Publication Mangaluru, 2019''</ref>


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The change in the mode of tax payment is different, which was now to be made entirely in the form of cash rather than the product. The farmers used to give a part of their products as tax, but the new system only added to their woes, as people did not keep cash with them. This led many of them to refuse to pay the tax outright which ultimately caused the revolt.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sampaje|first1=N.S. Deviprasad Sampaje|title=Amara Sulyada Swathanthrya Samara (Freedom struggle of Sullya) |publisher=Sampaje Publications|year=2003|location=Bengaluru}}</ref>
The people in today's Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and [[Kumble]], [[Kasaragod]] region in [[Kerala]] supported the freedom Movement.
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paniyadi |first1=Gururaj A. |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Amara Sulya Freedom Movement, the freedom fighters began from Sulya and reached Bavutagudde [[Mangaluru]].


== History ==
Upon reaching Mangalore, the British flag was lowered by the freedom fighters at a location that is known by the name, Bavutagudde.
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After the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]], [[South Canara]] passed into the [[British Government]] in 1799. The land of [[Coorg]] with [[Haleri]] Chiefs, [[Chikkaveera Rajendra]] till the end of 1834. His disloyalty and biazen misrule were not justification for the British Decision. This led to the termination of the Haleri rule and issued the Proclamation 11 April 1934 annexing Coorg into company dominion.<ref name= "Shyam">{{cite book|last1=Bhat|first1= N Shyam|title=''Rebellion of Kalyana Swamy(1834-37): A case of local protest Against British Rule'',Studies in Karnataka History and Culture, 108-113 |publisher=|year=1987|location=Goa}}</ref>


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After the annexation of Coorg, the district of Amara [[Sullia]], [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] and [[Bantwala]]'s were transferred into [[Canara]] for ease of administration.<ref name= "Shyam"/> This makes the agrarian community of Amara Sullia and Haleri Raja family together and they prepared for the rebellion. Kedambadi Rama Gowda of Sullia was the person who was primarily responsible for the organization of this rebellion in South Kanara.<ref>{{cite web |title=1834-37 ರ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ವಿಶಾಲ ಕೊಡಗಿನ ‘ಅಮರಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಮರ’ {{!}} News13 |url=https://news13.in/archives/169165 |date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Later the family members of Haleri Kalyana Swamy were caught by the British government, So Kedambady Rama Gowda selected one Puttabassappa(a peasant of Shanivara Sante in Hemmani Village), to play the role of Kalyana Swamy. Kalyana Swamy was declared as the Rajah by his men. He claimed to be a member belonging to the erstwhile Haleri family.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gowda|first1=Puttur Anantharaja|title=In Pursuit of Our Roots|publisher=Tenkila Publications|year=2015|location=Bengaluru}}</ref><ref name =Ganapati>{{cite book |last1=Gaṇapati Rāv Aigaḷ |first1=Em.̣ |title=Dakṣiṇa Kannaḍa Jilleya prācīna itihāsa |date=2004 |publisher=Rāṣṭrakavi Gōvinda Pai Saṃśōdhana Kēndra |location=Uḍupi |isbn=81-86668-47-0}}</ref>
For a period of 13 days, the Canara area enjoyed independence.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-amara-sullia-uprising-20-years-before-1857-873485.html |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


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The British Government changed the mode of tax payment to cash rather than [[Barter|Barter System]](an old method of exchange the product) and they implemented a tax on tobacco and salt. In 1837 Puttabasappa declared that the tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn. The local agrarian community, Arebhashe Gowda's, landowners and local chieftains were assured of this move made by Puttabasappa. The rebellion team lead by Puttabasappa and Kedambady Rame Gowda<ref >{{cite book |last1=Bhat |first1=N. Shyam |title=South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-586-9 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z0nZzbFDSAoC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=Kedambadi+Rama+Gowda&source=bl&ots=BHCy9q5lbd&sig=LG8PCBRR75nFEk9SDdDdtqFS5CQ&hl=en&ei=bLlZS7zbD8yLkAWou4SSAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Kedambadi%20Rama%20Gowda&f=false |language=en}}</ref> captured the government treasury in Bellare<ref name="bangle"/> which was the first move in Amara Sullia rebellion. The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. The British were engaged in fortifying their fort in Mangalore. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Nettaru, Puttur via Bantwal.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಕರುನಾಡಿನ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ದಂಗೆಯ ನೆನಪು |url=https://pratidhvani.com/ಕರುನಾಡಿನ-ಮೊದಲ-ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್// |website=Pratidhvani |date=5 April 2020}}</ref>
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== Early rebellions ==
⚫
The [[British Government]] made a colossal change in the land revenue collecting system. They inducted major economic, and territorial changes in [[Kodagu]], for their administrative conveniences. Parts of [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] Taluk and [[Sullia]] were separated from Kodagu and made part of [[South Canara]] district of the Madras Province. This systematic oppression was done by the British East India Company on the people of Puttur and Sulya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krishnayya |first1=D N |title=Kodagina Ithihasa |date=2014 |publisher=Kannada Sahithya Parishath |isbn=978-93-82446-34-7 |pages=614}}</ref> Because of the forced policy, agriculture became tough. Therefore people rose up against the British.<ref>{{cite news |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=6 April 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Valase, Sangarsha, Samanvaya By Purushothama Bilimale, ''Akruthi Publication Mangaluru, 2019''</ref>


== Rise of organized movements ==
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The change in the mode of tax payment is different, which was now to be made entirely in the form of cash rather than the product. The farmers used to give a part of their products as tax, but the new system only added to their woes, as people did not like to give money to a foreigner. This led many of them to refuse to pay the tax outright which ultimately lead to the freedom movement.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sampaje|first1=N.S. Deviprasad Sampaje|title=Amara Sulyada Swathanthrya Samara (Freedom struggle of Sullya) |publisher=Sampaje Publications|year=2003|location=Bengaluru}}</ref>
In 1834 following the Rebellion was a periodof growing political awareness, the manifestation mainly [[Tulu Gowda|Arebhashe Gowda]] people,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bilimale |first1=Purushothama |title=Amara Sullia Swathantraya Horata(1834-1837) |date=2020 |publisher=Aharnishi Prakashana}}</ref> agrarian public opinion, and the emergence of local leadership at provincial levels. Guddemane Appayya Gowda and Kedambady Rame Gowda took harbinger to this planned Amara Sullia Movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhat |first1=N. Shyam |title=South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-586-9 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/South_Kanara_1799_1860.html?id=Z0nZzbFDSAoC |language=en}}</ref>


== History ==
== Amara Sulya ==
Haleri King Venkartappanayaka was built a fort in Bellare Sime in 1608. There were four sime named Amara, Sullia, Panja and Bellare. Amara Sulya's name was derived from the adjoining two simes of Amara and Sullia. Later haleri king Somashekara gave this land to the king of Kodagu<ref name =Ganapati/>
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After the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]], in 1799 [[South Canara]] district was created, whose administration passed into the hands of the [[British Government]]. The administration over [[Coorg]] continued under [[Haleri]] Chiefs till the deposition of the last hereditary ruler, [[Chikkaveera Rajendra]] in 1834. This led to the termination of the Haleri rule and the then British East India Company issued a Proclamation on 11 April 1934 annexing Coorg into the company dominion.<ref name= "Shyam">{{cite book|last1=Bhat|first1= N Shyam|title=''Rebellion of Kalyana Swamy(1834-37): A case of local protest Against British Rule'',Studies in Karnataka History and Culture, 108-113 |publisher=|year=1987|location=Goa}}</ref>


== Freedom Fighters who participated in the movement ==
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After the annexation of Coorg, the district of Amara [[Sullia]] and [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] were transferred under [[Canara]] for ease of administration.<ref name= "Shyam"/> Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda was primarily responsible for gathering people at Sulya, for this freedom movement in South Kanara.<ref>{{cite web |title=1834-37 ರ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ವಿಶಾಲ ಕೊಡಗಿನ 'ಅಮರಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಮರ' {{!}} News13 |url=https://news13.in/archives/169165 |date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Later the family members of Haleri Kalyana Swamy were caught by the British government, So Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda selected one Puttabassappa(a peasant of Shanivara Sante in Hemmani Village), to play the role of Kalyana Swamy. Kalyana Swamy was declared the Rajah by his men. He claimed to be a member belonging to the erstwhile Haleri family.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gowda|first1=Puttur Anantharaja|title=In Pursuit of Our Roots|publisher=Tenkila Publications|year=2015|location=Bengaluru}}</ref><ref name =Ganapati>{{cite book |last1=Gaṇapati Rāv Aigaḷ |first1=Em.̣ |title=Dakṣiṇa Kannaḍa Jilleya prācīna itihāsa |date=2004 |publisher=Rāṣṭrakavi Gōvinda Pai Saṃśōdhana Kēndra |location=Uḍupi |isbn=81-86668-47-0}}</ref>
Freedom fighters<ref>{{cite news |title=Arebase: History of Bavutagudde in Mangalore up went the rebelflag |url=https://headlinekarnataka.com/news/Article/6592/Independence-day-2021-history-of-Bavutagudde-in-Mangalore-up-went-the-rebel-flag |access-date=15 August 2021 |work=Headline Karnataka |date=15 August 2020 |language=kn}}</ref>

⚫
The British Government changed the mode of tax payment to cash rather than [[Barter|Barter System]](an old method of exchanging the agricultural produce) and they implemented a tax on tobacco and salt. In 1837 Puttabasappa declared that the tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn. The local agrarian community, Arebhashe Gowda's, landowners, and local chieftains were assured of this move made by Puttabasappa. The rebellion team lead by Puttabasappa and Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda<ref >{{cite book |last1=Bhat |first1=N. Shyam |title=South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-586-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0nZzbFDSAoC&q=Kedambadi+Rama+Gowda&pg=PA174 |language=en}}</ref> captured the government treasury in Bellare<ref name="bangle"/> which was the first move in Amara Sulya Freedom Movement. The Freedom fighters marched towards Mangalore to re-capture it from the British East India Company.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಕರುನಾಡಿನ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ದಂಗೆಯ ನೆನಪು |url=https://pratidhvani.com/ಕರುನಾಡಿನ-ಮೊದಲ-ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್// |website=Pratidhvani |date=5 April 2020}}</ref>

==Freedom Fighters of Amara Sulya Freedom Movement==


{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
#Koojugodu Kattemane Appaiah Gowda (The Kattemane/Seeme Gowda of the then Amara and Sulya Seeme)
#Koojugodu Kattemane Appaiah Gowda (The Kattemane/Seeme Gowda of the then Amara and Sulya Seeme)
#Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda
#Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda
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#Baarike Parameshwara Gowda (Kochi Baarike)
⚫
#Guddemane Appaiah Gowda
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#Koojugodu Mallappa Gowda
#Jangama Kalyanaswamy
#Jangama Kalyanaswamy
⚫
#Baarike Parameshwara Gowda (Kochi Baarike)
#Swami Aparampara<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richter |first1=G. |title=GAZETTEER OF COORG |publisher=B.R. PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 461,VIVEKANAND NAGAR, DELHI-110052(INDIA) |pages=474 |edition=1870}}</ref>
#Swami Aparampara<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richter |first1=G. |title=GAZETTEER OF COORG |publisher=B.R. PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 461,VIVEKANAND NAGAR, DELHI-110052(INDIA) |pages=474 |edition=1870}}</ref>
#Kari Basavayya
#Kari Basavayya
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#Guddemane Appaiah Gowda
⚫
#Koojugodu Mallappa Gowda
#Kudekallu Putta Gowda
#Kudekallu Putta Gowda
⚫
#Chetty Kudiya
⚫
#Kurtu Kudiya
#Kukkanooru Chennayya
#Kukkanooru Chennayya
#Sirekaje Mallayya
#Sirekaje Mallayya
#Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah
#Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah
⚫
#Chetty Kudiya
⚫
#Kurtu Kudiya
#Peraje Krishnaiah
#Peraje Krishnaiah
#Beeranna
#Beeranna Bunta
#Kunchadka Rama Gowda
#[[Kunchadka]] Rama Gowda
#Hulikadida Najaiah
#Hulikadida Najaiah
#Lakshmappa Bangarasa
#Lakshmappa Bangarasa
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#Patel Shankarnarayana
#Patel Shankarnarayana
#Manegara Naranappa
#Manegara Naranappa
#Amin Venkata
#Amin Venkata<ref name="auto"/>
{{colend|}}
{{colend|}}
(List Incomplete)
(List Incomplete)
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== Memorials ==
== Memorials ==
=== Bavutagudde ===
=== Bavutagudde ===
[[File: Mangalore 006.jpg|thumb|Light House Hill|Bavutagudde]]
[[File:Mangalore 006.jpg|thumb|Light House Hill|Bavutagudde]]
Bavutagudde place in Heart of Mangaluru. This name came after the Amara Sulya flag hoist in this place. Bhavuta means Flag in [[Tulu language]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Sunday story: At Bavutagudde, down came the Union Jack, up went the rebel flag |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/130817/sunday-story-at-bavutagudde-down-came-the-union-jack-up-went-the-rebel-flag.html |access-date=13 August 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=13 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
In Kannada, Arebhashe, and Tulu the word Bavuta means Flag. This was the very place wherein the year 1837, the British flag was lowered by the Amara Sulya Freedom Fighters. Thus the name Bavutagudde. It is located adjacent to Mulki Sundar Ram Shetty Road, Mangaluru.


=== Banglegudde Bellare ===
=== Banglegudde Bellare ===
The treasury of Britishers was present at Bellare of Sulya. Freedom fighters came directly from Maduvegadde to Bellare Bungalow and seized the treasury.<ref name="bangle">{{cite web |title=BANGLEGUDDE OF SULYA |url=https://rellowplaques.com/en/2020/06/07/banglegudde-of-sulya/ |website=RellowPlaques |date=7 June 2020}}</ref>
This was the treasure of Britishers that was present at Bellare Fort in Sullia Taluk. Freedom fighters came directly from Maduvegadde to Bellare Banglow and seize the trassury and took weapons to their custodian<ref name="bangle">{{cite web |title=BANGLEGUDDE OF SULYA |url=https://rellowplaques.com/en/2020/06/07/banglegudde-of-sulya/ |website=RellowPlaques |date=7 June 2020}}</ref>


== Heritage Village Status ==
== Heritage Village Tag ==
Ubaradka Mittur of Sulya has been announced as a "Heritage Village" by the Government of Karnataka in the year 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag|url=https://www.thecanarapost.com/2021/08/15/freedom-movement-ubaradka-mittur-to-get-heritage-village-tag/amp/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=Canara Post |date=16 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Ubaradka Mittur Village of Sullia Taluk was announced as Heritage Village by the Government of Karnataka. For its contribution to freedom movement.
<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag|url=https://www.thecanarapost.com/2021/08/15/freedom-movement-ubaradka-mittur-to-get-heritage-village-tag/amp/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=Canara Post |date=16 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>


== Note ==
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


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{{Wikisource|kn:ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಕಲ್ಯಾಣಸ್ವಾಮಿ|Kalyanaswamy}}
{{Wikisource|kn:ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಕಲ್ಯಾಣಸ್ವಾಮಿ|Kalyanaswamy}}


[[Category: People from Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement| ]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement| ]]
[[Category: History of social movements]]
[[Category:History of social movements]]
[[Category: History of India]]
[[Category:History of India]]

Revision as of 18:15, 31 August 2021

Statue of Subedar Guddemane Appaiah Gowda in Madikeri

The Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837 (Kannada: Amara suḷyada svātantrya hōrāṭa 1837). It has been wrongly attributed as a Dange (a misadventure) by vested interests since the time of the British and also as a Kodagu- Canara Mutiny against the British government or Kalyanappana Katakayi, Amara Sullia Raitha Horata. This incident took place twenty years before the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.[1][2] Its war of Independence with support of Arebhashe Speaking and Tulu Speaking local agrarian community. The people in today's Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and Kumble, Kasaragod region in Kerala unprecedentedly supported the freedom Movement. Even 20 before the First war of Independence.[3] Amara Sulya Freedom Movement, the revolutionaries started the movement from Maduvegadde Sullia to Bavutagudde Mangaluru and brought down the Union Jack and hoisted a flag at Bavutagudde. For a period of 13 days, the Canara area relished the sweetness of Independence.[4]

Early Rebellions

The British Government made a colossal change in the land revenue collecting system. They inducted major social, economic, and territorial changes in Kodagu, for their administrative convenience and Part of Puttur Taluk and Sullia was separated from Kodagu and made part of South Canara district, which was then part of the Madras province. This tax paying is new for people and they were not ready to accept as easy as Rajas Tax system.[5] All the agrarian community had difficulty paying the taxes Which made them revolt with the British Government.[6][7]

The change in the mode of tax payment is different, which was now to be made entirely in the form of cash rather than the product. The farmers used to give a part of their products as tax, but the new system only added to their woes, as people did not keep cash with them. This led many of them to refuse to pay the tax outright which ultimately caused the revolt.[8]

History

After the Second Anglo-Mysore War, South Canara passed into the British Government in 1799. The land of Coorg with Haleri Chiefs, Chikkaveera Rajendra till the end of 1834. His disloyalty and biazen misrule were not justification for the British Decision. This led to the termination of the Haleri rule and issued the Proclamation 11 April 1934 annexing Coorg into company dominion.[9]

After the annexation of Coorg, the district of Amara Sullia, Puttur and Bantwala's were transferred into Canara for ease of administration.[9] This makes the agrarian community of Amara Sullia and Haleri Raja family together and they prepared for the rebellion. Kedambadi Rama Gowda of Sullia was the person who was primarily responsible for the organization of this rebellion in South Kanara.[10] Later the family members of Haleri Kalyana Swamy were caught by the British government, So Kedambady Rama Gowda selected one Puttabassappa(a peasant of Shanivara Sante in Hemmani Village), to play the role of Kalyana Swamy. Kalyana Swamy was declared as the Rajah by his men. He claimed to be a member belonging to the erstwhile Haleri family.[11][12]

The British Government changed the mode of tax payment to cash rather than Barter System(an old method of exchange the product) and they implemented a tax on tobacco and salt. In 1837 Puttabasappa declared that the tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn. The local agrarian community, Arebhashe Gowda's, landowners and local chieftains were assured of this move made by Puttabasappa. The rebellion team lead by Puttabasappa and Kedambady Rame Gowda[13] captured the government treasury in Bellare[14] which was the first move in Amara Sullia rebellion. The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. The British were engaged in fortifying their fort in Mangalore. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Nettaru, Puttur via Bantwal.[15]

Rise of organized movements

In 1834 following the Rebellion was a periodof growing political awareness, the manifestation mainly Arebhashe Gowda people,[16] agrarian public opinion, and the emergence of local leadership at provincial levels. Guddemane Appayya Gowda and Kedambady Rame Gowda took harbinger to this planned Amara Sullia Movement.[17]

Amara Sulya

Haleri King Venkartappanayaka was built a fort in Bellare Sime in 1608. There were four sime named Amara, Sullia, Panja and Bellare. Amara Sulya's name was derived from the adjoining two simes of Amara and Sullia. Later haleri king Somashekara gave this land to the king of Kodagu[12]

Freedom Fighters who participated in the movement

Freedom fighters[18]

  1. Koojugodu Kattemane Appaiah Gowda (The Kattemane/Seeme Gowda of the then Amara and Sulya Seeme)
  2. Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda
  3. Baarike Parameshwara Gowda (Kochi Baarike)
  4. Jangama Kalyanaswamy
  5. Swami Aparampara[19]
  6. Kari Basavayya
  7. Guddemane Appaiah Gowda
  8. Koojugodu Mallappa Gowda
  9. Kudekallu Putta Gowda
  10. Kukkanooru Chennayya
  11. Sirekaje Mallayya
  12. Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah
  13. Chetty Kudiya
  14. Kurtu Kudiya
  15. Peraje Krishnaiah
  16. Beeranna Bunta
  17. Kunchadka Rama Gowda
  18. Hulikadida Najaiah
  19. Lakshmappa Bangarasa
  20. Karanika Subbaiah
  21. Ookanna Banta
  22. Patel Shankarnarayana
  23. Manegara Naranappa
  24. Amin Venkata[20]

(List Incomplete)

Memorials

Bavutagudde

Bavutagudde

Bavutagudde place in Heart of Mangaluru. This name came after the Amara Sulya flag hoist in this place. Bhavuta means Flag in Tulu language.[20]

Banglegudde Bellare

This was the treasure of Britishers that was present at Bellare Fort in Sullia Taluk. Freedom fighters came directly from Maduvegadde to Bellare Banglow and seize the trassury and took weapons to their custodian[14]

Heritage Village Tag

Ubaradka Mittur Village of Sullia Taluk was announced as Heritage Village by the Government of Karnataka. For its contribution to freedom movement. [21]

Notes

References

Citations

  1. ^ Karnataka, Headline. "ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು !". Headline Karanataka.
  2. ^ 13, News. "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ". News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike. Retrieved 19 August 2021. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help); |last1= has numeric name (help)
  3. ^ Paniyadi, Gururaj A. (6 April 2016). "1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  4. ^ "The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857". Deccan Herald. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  5. ^ Krishnayya, D N (2014). Kodagina Ithihasa. Kannada Sahithya Parishath. p. 614. ISBN 978-93-82446-34-7.
  6. ^ "1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high". Deccan Chronicle. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  7. ^ Valase, Sangarsha, Samanvaya By Purushothama Bilimale, Akruthi Publication Mangaluru, 2019
  8. ^ Sampaje, N.S. Deviprasad Sampaje (2003). Amara Sulyada Swathanthrya Samara (Freedom struggle of Sullya). Bengaluru: Sampaje Publications.
  9. ^ a b Bhat, N Shyam (1987). Rebellion of Kalyana Swamy(1834-37): A case of local protest Against British Rule,Studies in Karnataka History and Culture, 108-113. Goa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ "1834-37 ರ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ವಿಶಾಲ ಕೊಡಗಿನ 'ಅಮರಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಮರ' | News13". 30 October 2020.
  11. ^ Gowda, Puttur Anantharaja (2015). In Pursuit of Our Roots. Bengaluru: Tenkila Publications.
  12. ^ a b Gaṇapati Rāv Aigaḷ, Em.̣ (2004). Dakṣiṇa Kannaḍa Jilleya prācīna itihāsa. Uḍupi: Rāṣṭrakavi Gōvinda Pai Saṃśōdhana Kēndra. ISBN 81-86668-47-0.
  13. ^ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-586-9.
  14. ^ a b "BANGLEGUDDE OF SULYA". RellowPlaques. 7 June 2020.
  15. ^ "ಕರುನಾಡಿನ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ದಂಗೆಯ ನೆನಪು". Pratidhvani. 5 April 2020.
  16. ^ Bilimale, Purushothama (2020). Amara Sullia Swathantraya Horata(1834-1837). Aharnishi Prakashana.
  17. ^ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-586-9.
  18. ^ "Arebase: History of Bavutagudde in Mangalore up went the rebelflag". Headline Karnataka (in Kannada). 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  19. ^ Richter, G. GAZETTEER OF COORG (1870 ed.). B.R. PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 461,VIVEKANAND NAGAR, DELHI-110052(INDIA). p. 474.
  20. ^ a b "Sunday story: At Bavutagudde, down came the Union Jack, up went the rebel flag". Deccan Chronicle. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  21. ^ "Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag". Canara Post. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
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