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A debutante (from the French débutante, "female beginner") is a young lady from an aristocratic or upper class family who has reached the age of maturity, and as a new adult, is introduced to society at a formal presentation known as her "debut". Originally, it meant the young woman was eligible to marriage, and part of the purpose was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families with a view to marriage within a select upper class circle. This traditional event varies by region, but is typically referred to as a debutante ball if it is for a group of debutantes. A lone debutante might have her own "coming-out party", or she might have a party with a sister or other close relative.
In the United States, the term is used more often in the South, where debutantes are also reffered to as Southern Belles. Debutantes are usually recommended by a distinguished committee or sponsored by an established member of elite society. Modern debutante balls are often charity events: the parents of the debutante donate a certain amount of money to the designated cause, and the invited guests pay for their tickets. These balls may be elaborate formal affairs and involve not only "debs" but junior debutantes, escorts and ushers, flower girls and pages as well.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, until 1958 debutantes were presented at court at the start of the social season. Only ladies who had already been presented were entitled to present another lady, which ensured the social exclusivity of the privilege. Most women were presented by their own mothers, but this would not be possible if their own mother had not been presented, or was dead or absent from Court for any other reason. Hence, it was possible to be presented, instead, by another eligible woman, provided she personally knew and could vouch for the lady being presented. As well as debutantes properly so called, older women and married women who had not previously been presented could be presented at Court. A mother-in-law might, for example, present her new daughter-in-law.
The presentation, to the reigning monarch, followed an elaborate ritual, and the debutante was required to wear distinctive formal court dress. In particular, they were required either to carry feathers (usually in the form of an ostrich feather fan), or to wear feathers as part of their headdress. [1]
Queen Elizabeth II abolished the ceremony of presentation at Court of debutantes in 1958. Attempts were made to keep the tradition going by organising a series of parties for young girls who might otherwise have been presented at Court in their first season (to which suitable young men were also invited). However, the withdrawal of royal patronage made these occasions increasingly insignificant, and scarcely distinguishable from any other part of the social season.
However, the expression "debutante" or "deb" for short continues to be used, especially in the press, to refer to young girls of marriageable age who participate in a semi-public upper class social scene. The expression "deb's delight" is applied to good looking unmarried young men from similar backgrounds.
Australia
In Australia, some debutante balls (or colloquially "deb balls") are held in year 11 or 12 of the Australian government-funded school system through the school, although some are held outside the school system by organisations such as the local chapter of Lions Club. Girls do not have to 'make their deb' and today many girls elect not to or see deb balls as irrelevant. Equally, the ongoing tradition indicates that the debutante ball as rite of passage is alive and well in Australia.
Many Australian schools have a "formal", similar to the American prom. The formal, like a debutante ball, consists of dancing, however not formally ballroom. The formal has taken over much of the need for a "deb ball", and for student in Year 11 or 12 the formal is replaced with a Valedictory Dinner whereby the student's parents (and occaisonally a partner) share a table for dinner, and have speeches by numerous staff, students and past students of the school.
It is customary for the female to ask a male to the debutante ball, with males not being able to "do the deb" unless they are asked. Debutante ball students who are partaking in the official proceedings must learn how to ballroom dance. Debutante balls are almost always held in a reception centre or ballroom. Usually they are held late in the year and consist of dinner, dancing and speeches by the school captains. Schools often restrict invitations to the debutante ball to students within the grade level at one school, but single-sex schools tend to allow a partner with no association to the school to attend. The debutante ball traditionally is a rite of passage for some Australian school students, both male and female, and represents their coming of age. They are often, but not always, similar to American proms.[2]
The girl wears a white wedding dress-like ball gown, called a Debutante Dress, while the boy wears a tuxedo.
When a girl attends a non-Government school, the girl is invited to take part and her family pay for the ball. They are presented to the Governor of the State or other dignitaries such as parish priests or local Councillors.
Ireland
In Ireland, Debutante balls have most in common with the secondary school prom of the United States. This type of ball is referred to as a "debs" or a "debs ball", or occasionally as a "formal", the word relating possibly to the attire worn, or to the type of function. Each secondary school will host their own ball; usually in September/October. Most schools have the debs in the autumn after the final year, but some chose to begin the final year with the debs. In some schools, before the debs, a smaller ball, known as a pre-debs, mini-debs or grads is held; usually January/February but sometimes as late as May. Often a Debs committee is established to organise a Debs. These are usually organised by someone other than the school itself. Debs balls occur at the end of the final year of second-level students, but there are many variations on when this can occur, some are as early as mid July, whilst others can be as late as Christmas. Traditionally a committee is created in the school to organise the event. Normally, the person asking someone else to the debs will pay for both tickets.
Many students worry about being invited or finding a date, though it is rare for students not to attend for this reason. Often, students try to find a date they have affections for. This is not always the case, and many attend with friends or in a group, not worrying about the dating aspect. Students from the year below that studied the optional transition year, and so are a year behind, are entitled to go. Whether the female asks the male, or vice versa, is irrelevant. Boys are usually attired in dinner jackets with bow ties, occasionally with brightly colored cummerbunds or waistcoats. Girls usually wear formal gowns or dresses adorned with a corsage given to them by their date. It is customary for boys to purchase an orchid or bouquet of flowers and/or a box of chocolates to give to their date's mother. Where the ball is held at a venue outside the locality, couples will sometimes travel to the venue by limousine, a tradition which has become more widespread as prosperity has increased. The Ball usually, though not always, is a formal Dinner, followed by music and dancing. It is also common for debutante balls to be followed by an "after-party" where another venue is booked for a less formal, more "Party" type experience. N.B.: The formal attire is seldom changed between venues, most choosing to remain sartorially elegant.
Social class has no effect on the debs, each school has a debs, regardless of social status, although where those of social standing do debut, tends to be more up market and elite than those of regular Debs. People in informal dress can still be present, though this is a rare occurrence and discouraged. Dancing is optional and never as formal as ballroom style, though it is polite for the male to ask his date to dance at least once, and to buy her drinks throughout the night.[citation needed] Photographs from the event are often featured in local newspapers. Traditionally there is a photographer present, who will take individual shots of each couple, and several throughout the night, of the dancing etc.. It is common for the event to last all night, hence attendees do not to return home until the following morning, often going for breakfast together.
United States
American debutante balls
A cotillion or debutante ball in the United States is a formal presentation of young ladies, debutantes, to "polite society". Debutantes are usually recommended by a distinguished committee or sponsored by an established member of elite society.Wearing white gowns and satin or kid gloves, the debutantes stand in a receiving line, and then are introduced individually to the audience. The debutante is announced and then is walked around the stage, guided by her father who then presents her. Her younger male escort then joins her and escorts her away. Each debutante brings at least one escort, sometimes two. Many debutante balls select escorts and then pair them with the debs to promote good social pairings. Cotillions may be elaborate formal affairs and involve not only "debs" but junior debutantes, escorts and ushers, flower girls and pages as well. Every debutante must perform a curtsy also known as the St. James Bow or a full court bow. This gesture is made as the young woman is formally presented. Debutante balls exist in nearly every major city in the United States but are more common and a larger affair in the South. Many cities such as Dallas and Atlanta have multiple balls in a season. Dallas, for example, is home of the traditional Idlewild organization, as well as more modern organizations such as The Dallas Symphony Orchestra Presentation Ball and La Fiesta de las Seis Banderas, both of which benefit charities. In New Orleans, Louisiana, a debutante is usually presented during the Carnival season. As an alternative to a ball, and more commonly in the North, a young woman might have her own "coming-out party," given by her parents.[3] Unlike a collective ball, which would be only held at a certain time of the year, such a party could be at any time of the year, but might well be scheduled around the debutante's birthday. In theory, the only women who could be invited would be those who had already made their debuts, thus affording a sort of rank-order to the debutante season.
Debutante balls in U.S. television and films
Several television series focused on young people from wealthy families include episodes with debutante events. "The Debut," an episode of the The O.C. (a drama about upper class Californians), featured a representation of an American debutante ball. "Hi, Society", episode 10 of the first season of Gossip Girl, also from The O.C. creator Josh Schwartz, features a debutante ball in New York City. "Presenting Lorelai Gilmore", an episode of Gilmore Girls shows Rory Gilmore as a debutante. She makes her debut at a DAR debutante ball that her grandmother helped put together. In The Critic, Jay Sherman's younger sister Margo is persuaded to reluctantly attend her debutante ball.
Crime dramas also have investigated debut-related murders. "Zoo York," an episode of CSI: NY, featured the CSI team investigating the murder of a debutante. Medical examiner Evan Zao comments that he attended a debutante ball. "Debut", an episode of Cold Case, tells the story of a young girl who is murdered the night of her debutante ball. In an episode of Law and Order: SVU, entitled Streetwise, detectives investigated the "rape" and murder of a debutante.
Films with debutante themes include Metropolitan, Whit Stillman's debut feature film, a comedy of manners set during the deb season in Manhattan, and She's the Man, a 2006 film in which Amanda Bynes plays a soccer-loving tomboy who initially dismisses the idea of being a debutante as "totally archaic" but in the end succumbs to it. Something New, a romantic comedy has a cotillion scene of upper class African Americans on the west coast. The Debut, a film considered to be an accurate snapshot of contemporary Filipino American life, touches upon a wide variety of cultural themes within the plot of an informal debutante event. In the 1994 film Little Women, a 'coming-out' party is thrown, Aunt March is also seen talking to Marmee about when Meg will be introduced into society.
In the premiere of "The City", Whitney Port's reality show, her co-worker Olivia describes her first pair of Manolos that she wore to her "Deb" back when she was 18 years of age.
In the Disney Channel, made-for-TV movie, Cow Belles, starring Aly & AJ, one of their characters gets kicked out of the ball for not having enough money.
Philippines
Cotillions and debutante balls (commonly known as 'debuts') are very popular in the Philippines and in Filipino communities overseas. This celebrates a girl's eighteenth birthday in becoming a woman.
The debut begins with a priest giving a blessing before the ball. Eighteen of the debutante's closest girlfriends and family present her a cake with eighteen candles to be blown out. Then eighteen roses are presented by eighteen male friends and family while dancing to a "slow song." The dance of eighteen roses follows a traditional format. First to dance is the debutante's father, (if the father is absent, a senior family member may stand as a father figure), next are the Family members, ranging from brothers to cousins in the same age range, then the debutante's closest male friends, afterwards her escort, then the last dance will be the male whom her heart treasures the most. The selection of the eighteen dances willbe under the debutante's discretion.
Traditionally, the debutante leaves the ball at midnight or until most of her immediate family has left. Another tradition is for all young males at the event to drink to each letter of the debutante's name. Modern variations have since been introduced, such as the giving of eighteen symbolic gifts or the replacement of roses with tulips, among other things.
The debutante, her escort and her court (nine couples, for a total of 18 people all together, including the debutante couple) learn and perform the cotillion de honor. This dance either consists of a waltz or the traditional Filipino aristocratic dance "rigodon." In modern times, the waltz is accompanied by Latin dances and sometimes hip hop routines.[4]
Most females who are debutantes are from rich upper class families. It is said that the number of debuts females and males have been involved in, as a cotillion member, serves as a mark of their popularity. However, increasing numbers of young Filipina girls choose not to have a debut due to the lavish and perceived pretentiousness of the event, attributed in part to the large sums of money spent in their inception.
Latin America
In some Hispanic communities along the U.S. and Latin America, a similar event occurs on a girl's fifteenth birthday, and is called a Quinceañera ceremony.
In Mexico and Panama, the debutantes are those young girls, typically fifteen or sixteen years old and belonging to middle-high and high class, that participate in a Festival de Debutantes, designed to officially present them to social life. The participation in this event does not preclude, and is usually preceded by, a separate party, called Quince Años, to celebrate the young girl's fifteenth's birthday.
In Brazil, such events are called Baile de Debutante (debutante ball) or Festa de 15 anos (15 year party).
In Argentina, Perú, Uruguay and other Latin American countries, unless an activity is specified, the word "debutar" refers by common usage to having sex for the first time. Therefore, it is not advisable to ask a woman if she had already made her debut, because it would be understood as a sexual and not a social introduction. The introduction party itself usually happens at the 15th birthday and it is called "Fiesta de quince" or "Cumpleaños de quince" (fifteenth party or fifteenth birthday).
See also
Notes
- ^ http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/exhibits/1920s/pages/moreObjResult.asp?id=79383&tid=4
- ^ http://www.dsansw.org.au/events/DebutanteBall2000.html
- ^ However, in the case of Helen Barney, the term "debutante ball" was applied to the "coming-out party" given her by her uncle, William Collins Whitney, at his home at 871 Fifth Avenue in New York City on January 5, 1901. Cleveland Amory, Who Killed Society?, pp. 502-503. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960.
- ^ http://www.atl-filam.org/Events/2003/Debutantes/Deb_Post_Story.htm
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