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Born in the early 1840s in Virginia, she eventually escaped slavery via the [[Underground Railroad]] and made her way to [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]], in a free state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohiocountylibrary.org/|title=Biography: Sara Lucy Bagby > Research {{!}} Ohio County Public Library {{!}} Ohio County WV {{!}} Wheeling WV History {{!}} Ohio County West Virginia Public Library|website=www.ohiocountylibrary.org|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/517|title=The Arrest and Trial of Lucy Bagby|last=Day|first=Michelle A.|last2=Wickens|first2=Joseph|website=Cleveland Historical|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref> In January 1861, she was pursued by her owners, William Goshorn and his son, and arrested by a [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshall]].
Born in the early 1840s in Virginia, she eventually escaped slavery via the [[Underground Railroad]] and made her way to [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]], in a free state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohiocountylibrary.org/|title=Biography: Sara Lucy Bagby > Research {{!}} Ohio County Public Library {{!}} Ohio County WV {{!}} Wheeling WV History {{!}} Ohio County West Virginia Public Library|website=www.ohiocountylibrary.org|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/517|title=The Arrest and Trial of Lucy Bagby|last=Day|first=Michelle A.|last2=Wickens|first2=Joseph|website=Cleveland Historical|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref> In January 1861, she was pursued by her owners, William Goshorn and his son, and arrested by a [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshall]].


Despite the state government's and citizens of Cleveland's attempts to intervene—including a purported dramatic armed standoff in a courtroom—she was transported back to Goshorn's property in [[Wheeling, West Virginia|Wheeling]], then still part of Virginia.<ref name=":0" /> This episode forms the subject of a poem by [[Frances Harper|Frances Ellen Watkins Harper]], titled "To the Cleveland Union-Savers".<ref name=":2" /><ref name="TasselVacha2006">{{cite book|author1=David Dirck Van Tassel|author2=John Vacha|title="Behind Bayonets": The Civil War in Northern Ohio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iZXQHmcqAwC&pg=PA28|year=2006|publisher=Kent State University Press|isbn=978-0-87338-850-4|pages=28–}}</ref><ref name="Ohio1937">{{cite book|author=United States. Work Projects Administration. Ohio|title=Annals of Cleveland--1818–1935 ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McVYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA513|year=1937|pages=513–}}</ref><ref name="Blackett2018">{{cite book|author=R. J. M. Blackett|title=The Captive's Quest for Freedom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKpCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA441|date=25 January 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-41871-3|pages=441–}}</ref>
Despite the state government's and citizens of Cleveland's attempts to intervene—including a purported dramatic armed standoff in a courtroom—she was transported back to Goshorn's property in [[Wheeling, West Virginia|Wheeling]], then still part of Virginia.<ref name=":0" /> This episode forms the subject of a poem by [[Frances Harper|Frances Ellen Watkins Harper]], titled "To the Cleveland Union-Savers" (1861):<ref name=":2" /><ref name="TasselVacha2006">{{cite book|author1=David Dirck Van Tassel|author2=John Vacha|title="Behind Bayonets": The Civil War in Northern Ohio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iZXQHmcqAwC&pg=PA28|year=2006|publisher=Kent State University Press|isbn=978-0-87338-850-4|pages=28–}}</ref><ref name="Ohio1937">{{cite book|author=United States. Work Projects Administration. Ohio|title=Annals of Cleveland--1818–1935 ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McVYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA513|year=1937|pages=513–}}</ref><ref name="Blackett2018">{{cite book|author=R. J. M. Blackett|title=The Captive's Quest for Freedom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKpCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA441|date=25 January 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-41871-3|pages=441–}}</ref>

Men of Cleveland, had a vulture

Sought a timid dove for prey

Would you not, with human pity,

Drive the gory bird away?


Had you seen a feeble lambkin,

Shrinking from a wolf so bold,

Would ye not to shield the trembler,

In your arms have made its fold?


But when she, a hunted sister,

Stretched her hands that ye might save,

Colder far than Zembla's regions,

Was the answer that ye gave.


On the Union's bloody altar,

Was your hapless victim laid;

Mercy, truth, and justice shuddered,

But your hands would give no aid.


And ye sent her back to the torture,

Robbed of freedom and of fright.

Thrust the wretched, captive stranger.

Back to slavery's gloomy night.


Back where brutal men may trample,

On her honor and her fame;

And unto her lips so dusky,

Press the cup of woe and shame.


There is blood upon our city,

Dark and dismal is the stain;

And your hands would fail to cleanse it,

Though Lake Erie ye should drain.


There's a curse upon your Union,

Fearful sounds are in the air;

As if thunderbolts were framing,

Answers to the bondsman's prayer.


Ye may offer human victims,

Like the heathen priests of old;

And may barter manly honor

For the Union and for gold.


But ye can not stay the whirlwind,

When the storm begins to break;

And our God doth rise in judgment,

For the poor and needy's sake.


And, your sin-cursed, guilty Union,

Shall be shaken to its base,

Till ye learn that simple justice,

Is the right of every race.


After the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], Bagby walked to [[Pittsburgh]] to leave the South. She eventually resettled in Cleveland, where she died in 1906 and was buried.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
After the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], Bagby walked to [[Pittsburgh]] to leave the South. She eventually resettled in Cleveland, where she died in 1906 and was buried.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Revision as of 19:08, 26 January 2023

Sara Lucy Bagby
Born1843
DiedJuly 14, 1906(1906-07-14) (aged 62–63)
Cleveland, Ohio
Burial placeWoodland Cemetery
SpouseF. George Johnson

Sara Lucy Bagby (1843 – July 14, 1906) was the last person in the United States forced to return to slavery in the South under the Fugitive Slave Act.[1]

Born in the early 1840s in Virginia, she eventually escaped slavery via the Underground Railroad and made her way to Cleveland, Ohio, in a free state.[2][3] In January 1861, she was pursued by her owners, William Goshorn and his son, and arrested by a U.S. Marshall.

Despite the state government's and citizens of Cleveland's attempts to intervene—including a purported dramatic armed standoff in a courtroom—she was transported back to Goshorn's property in Wheeling, then still part of Virginia.[2] This episode forms the subject of a poem by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, titled "To the Cleveland Union-Savers" (1861):[1][4][5][6]

Men of Cleveland, had a vulture

Sought a timid dove for prey

Would you not, with human pity,

Drive the gory bird away?


Had you seen a feeble lambkin,

Shrinking from a wolf so bold,

Would ye not to shield the trembler,

In your arms have made its fold?


But when she, a hunted sister,

Stretched her hands that ye might save,

Colder far than Zembla's regions,

Was the answer that ye gave.


On the Union's bloody altar,

Was your hapless victim laid;

Mercy, truth, and justice shuddered,

But your hands would give no aid.


And ye sent her back to the torture,

Robbed of freedom and of fright.

Thrust the wretched, captive stranger.

Back to slavery's gloomy night.


Back where brutal men may trample,

On her honor and her fame;

And unto her lips so dusky,

Press the cup of woe and shame.


There is blood upon our city,

Dark and dismal is the stain;

And your hands would fail to cleanse it,

Though Lake Erie ye should drain.


There's a curse upon your Union,

Fearful sounds are in the air;

As if thunderbolts were framing,

Answers to the bondsman's prayer.


Ye may offer human victims,

Like the heathen priests of old;

And may barter manly honor

For the Union and for gold.


But ye can not stay the whirlwind,

When the storm begins to break;

And our God doth rise in judgment,

For the poor and needy's sake.


And, your sin-cursed, guilty Union,

Shall be shaken to its base,

Till ye learn that simple justice,

Is the right of every race.

After the Emancipation Proclamation, Bagby walked to Pittsburgh to leave the South. She eventually resettled in Cleveland, where she died in 1906 and was buried.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b Barrett, Faith, 1965- Miller, Cristanne. (2005). "Words for the hour" : a new anthology of American Civil War poetry. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-509-6. OCLC 60796177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c "Biography: Sara Lucy Bagby > Research | Ohio County Public Library | Ohio County WV | Wheeling WV History | Ohio County West Virginia Public Library". www.ohiocountylibrary.org. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  3. ^ a b Day, Michelle A.; Wickens, Joseph. "The Arrest and Trial of Lucy Bagby". Cleveland Historical. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  4. ^ David Dirck Van Tassel; John Vacha (2006). "Behind Bayonets": The Civil War in Northern Ohio. Kent State University Press. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-0-87338-850-4.
  5. ^ United States. Work Projects Administration. Ohio (1937). Annals of Cleveland--1818–1935 ... pp. 513–.
  6. ^ R. J. M. Blackett (25 January 2018). The Captive's Quest for Freedom. Cambridge University Press. pp. 441–. ISBN 978-1-108-41871-3.
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