144th Guards Motor Rifle Division

32nd Rifle Division (1934-42) 29th Guards Rifle Division (1942-postwar) ?th Mechanised Division (postwar-1965) 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division (1965-1993) 4944th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (c.1993-2007)
Active	1934 - Present
Country	Soviet Union, Russia
Branch	Soviet Army, Russian Ground Forces
Type	Division
Role	Rifle
Engagements	Battle of Moscow, others

The 32nd Rifle Division was first raised in 1934 at Vladivostok and organized as a Siberian Rifle Division. The division initially served Far Eastern Military District as part of the 39th Rifle Corps. It took part in a number of border skirmishes on the Manchurian border near Lake Khasan. By 1941 it consisted of the 17th, 113th, and 322nd Rifle Regiments and the 133rd and 154th Artillery Regiments.

Operation Typhoon

While the 32nd Rifle Division was serving in the 25th Army of the Far East Military District, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in Europe on June 22, 1941. The German Army Group Center in September paused near Smolensk because Hitler had ordered the capture of Kiev to secure the southern flank. This allowed the Soviets some time to prepare the defenses west of Moscow, but by the beginning of October the offensive toward the capital began again and was called Operation Typhoon by the Germans. The 32nd Rifle Division was ordered west and was rapidly transported by train to the Mozhaisk Defense Line, then manned by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko's 5th Army. By October 10, the forward elements had arrived and dug in on the old Borodino battlefield, where the Russians had bled white Napoleon's Army in 1812. The best the division could hope for was to delay the German advance long enough to form a new line of defense further east. The Germans attacked with two veteran divisions, the 10th Panzer Division and the 2nd SS Division Das Reich on the 32nd's line of defense. On October 13 the fighting began in the Yelnya area (defended by the 17th Regiment). The battle continued for five more days until the exhausted Russians fell back further to the east and Mozhaisk fell on the 18th. The 32nd Rifle Division had traded its blood for time and had inflicted heavy losses on the Germans. It stayed on the front lines through November and took part in the Battle of Moscow.

Reformed as 29th Guards Rifle Division

The 32nd Division part in the battle of Moscow did not escape the notice of the Soviet high command and it was given the title 29th Guards Rifle Division and the 17th Rifle Regiment received the Order of the Red Banner. The next appearance of the division in battle was in the Ukraine in January 1944 with the 37th Army. Later that year it was moved to the Baltic area and was the first Soviet division into Riga. It ended the war as part of 10th Guards Army still in the Baltic region.

The 29th Guards Rifle Division was reorganised into the 36th Guards Mechanised Division, and then on 25 June 1957 the division became the 36th Guards Motor Rifle Division. Three years later, on 23 June 1960, the division was disbanded by being renamed the 8th Guards Rezhitskaya order of Lenin Red Banner order of Suvorov Motorised Rifle Division imeni Major-General I.V. Panfilov.

On 18 February 1967, the 144th Motorised Rifle Division was formed in Tallin, Estonian SSR, Baltic Military District, replacing the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division, which was about to transfer to Frunze, Kyrgyz SSR. Ten months later, on 23 December 1967, the division was given the traditions, honors and awards of the 36th Guards Motor Rifle Division, which had been disbanded in 1960. It was therefore renamed the 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division.

Holm 2015 and Feskov et al. 2013 list the regiments of the division in 1970 as follows:

• 254th Guards Motorised Rifle Regiment (Tallin, Estonian SSR) - from the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division
• 482nd Motorised Rifle Regiment (Klooga, Estonian SSR)
• 488th Motorised Rifle Regiment (Klooga, Estonian SSR)
• 228th Tank Regiment (Keyla/Keila, Estonian SSR)
• 450th Artillery Regiment (Klooga, Estonian SSR)
• 1259th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (Klooga, Estonian SSR)

Holm writes that the division was maintained as a Not Ready Division - Cadre Low Strength (US terms: Category III) - manning was 15% (2000 men).

After the fall of the Soviet Union it was withdrawn to Yelnya, Yelninsky District, Smolensk Oblast in the Moscow Military District and was reorganised as the 4944th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment. It was planned that in a crisis it would be capable of being brought back to up to full division strength.

The 4944th Guards Weapons and Equipment Storage Base was disbanded in 2007.

See also

• Divisions of the Soviet Union 1917-1945

Sources

• John Erickson The Road to Stalingrad: Stalin's War with Germany Phoenix Press, 2002. ISBN 1-84212-426-9
• Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
• ru:29-я гвардейская стрелковая дивизия(Russian: 29th Guards Rifle Division)