1980 Irpinia earthquake
  | |
| UTC time | ?? |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 6.9 Mw [1] |
| Epicenter | 40°50′N 15°17′E / 40.84°N 15.28°E [1] |
| Type | Dip-slip [2] |
| Areas affected | Italy |
| Max. intensity | X (Extreme) [1] |
| Casualties | 2,483–4,900 dead [2] 7,700–8,934 injured [2] 250,000 displaced [2] |
The 1980 Irpinia earthquake took place in Southern Italy on November 23 with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The shock was centered on the village of Conza and left at least 2,483 people dead, at least 7,700 injured, and left 250,000 homeless. It is known in Italy as Terremoto dell'Irpinia (Irpinian earthquake).
Event
The quake struck at 18:34 UTC.[3] The first jolt was followed by 90 aftershocks. Towns in the province of Avellino were hit the hardest. In Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, 300 died including 27 children in an orphanage and eighty percent of the town was destroyed. One hundred were killed in Balvano when a medieval church collapsed during Sunday services. The towns of Lioni, Conza di Campania (near the epicenter), and Teora were destroyed, and dozens of structures in Naples were levelled, including a 10-story apartment building. Damage was spread over more than 26,000 km², including Naples and Salerno.
Rebuilding
The Italian government spent 59,000 billion (or 59 thousand milliard)[nb 1] lire on reconstruction, while other nations sent contributions. West Germany contributed 32 million United States dollars (USD) and the United States 70 million USD.[4]
However, in the early nineties a major corruption scandal emerged of the billions[nb 1] of lire that actually disappeared from the earthquake reconstruction funds in the 1980s. Of the $40 billion (or 40 thousand million)[nb 1] spent on earthquake reconstruction, an estimated $20 billion (or 20 thousand million)[nb 1] went to create an entirely new social class of millionaires in the region, $6.4 billion (or 6,400 million)[nb 1] went to the Camorra, whereas another $4 billion (or 4,000 million)[nb 1] went to politicians in bribes. Only the remaining $9.6 billion (or 9,600 million),[nb 1] a quarter of the total amount, was actually spent on people's needs.[5]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g non-American sources will likely use the long-scale billion, while American and some English-language sources after around 1970 will tend to use short-scale billion, British sources before 1970 tended to use billion in the long-scale sense; milliard or "thousand million" is used to avoid confusion
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d Rovida, A.; Camassi, R.; Gasperini, P.; Stucchi, M., eds. (2011), CPTI11, the 2011 version of the Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes, Milano, Bologna: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, doi:10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI11
- ^ a b c d USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
- ^ Italy: Avellino, Potenza, Caserta, Naples. NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado). Accessed 2009-04-07. Archived 2009-05-06.
- ^ Antonello Caporale (2004-12-13), Irpinia, 20 anni dopo (in Italian), la Repubblica, retrieved 2009-04-07
- ^ Behan, The Camorra, pp. 188