1983 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results
These are the results of the 1983 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 23 to 25 September 1983 at Estadio Juan Serrahima in Barcelona, Spain.[1]
Men's results
100 meters
Final – 23 September
Wind: +0.5m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
José Luis Isalgue | Cuba | 10.46 | ||
Nelson Rocha dos Santos | Brazil | 10.54 | ||
Ángel Heras | Spain | 10.65 | ||
4 | Hugo Alzamora | Argentina | 10.99 | |
5 | Luis Barroso | Portugal | 11.08 | |
6 | Rodrigo Casar | Mexico | 11.21 |
200 meters
Final – 25 September
Wind: +0.1m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tomás Pedro González | Cuba | 20.91 | ||
Ángel Heras | Spain | 21.09 | ||
Evaldo Rosa da Silva | Brazil | 21.56 | ||
4 | Luis Cunha | Portugal | 21.74 | |
5 | Hugo Alzamora | Argentina | 21.90 |
400 meters
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lázaro Martínez | Cuba | 46.37 | ||
José Alonso | Spain | 46.92 | Guest | |
Sergio Mathias Franco de Meneses | Brazil | 47.28 | ||
Isidoro Hornillos | Spain | 48.12 | ||
4 | Ricardo Biojo | Colombia | 48.64 | |
5 | Alvaro Silva | Portugal | 49.61 | |
6 | Johnny Alexander Sterling | Costa Rica | 51.54 |
800 meters
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
José Luis González | Spain | 1:49.11 | ||
Carlos Cabral | Portugal | 1:49.32 | ||
José Luíz Barbosa | Brazil | 1:50.02 | ||
José Pacheco | Spain | 1:50.07 | Guest | |
Mário Silva | Portugal | 1:50.11 | Guest | |
4 | Julio Osvaldo Prado | Cuba | 1:54.57 | |
5 | Hugo Allan García | Guatemala | 1:56.97 |
1500 meters
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
José Manuel Abascal | Spain | 3:51.66 | ||
Mário Silva | Portugal | 3:54.06 | Guest | |
Helder Jesús | Portugal | 3:54.49 | ||
Benjamín Fernández | Spain | 3:58.06 | Guest | |
Hugo Allan García | Guatemala | 4:05.93 |
5000 meters
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Silvio Salazar | Colombia | 13:52.19 | ||
Ezequiel Canario | Portugal | 13:59.68 | ||
Cándido Alario | Spain | 14:24.85 | ||
4 | Johnny Pérez | Bolivia | 14:37.91 | |
5 | William José Aguirre | Nicaragua | 15:30.50 |
10,000 meters
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antonio Prieto | Spain | 28:58.19 | ||
Fernando Miguel | Portugal | 30:58.12 | ||
William José Aguirre | Nicaragua | 32:02.42 |
Marathon
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Roberto García | Spain | 2:24:32 | ||
Oscar Santos | Portugal | 2:33:41 | ||
José Carlos Orué | Argentina | 2:38:49 | ||
Sergio Cazeneuve | Spain | 2:40:41 | Guest | |
Manuel Fernández | Spain | 2:55:41 | Guest | |
Amado Hernández | Spain | 3:04:09 | Guest | |
Vicente Antón | Spain | DNF | Guest | |
Vicente Polo | Spain | DNF | Guest | |
José Zarzo | Spain | DNF | Guest |
110 meters hurdles
Final – 25 September
Wind: +0.1m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Carlos Sala | Spain | 13.74 | Guest | |
Ángel Bueno | Cuba | 13.81 | ||
Wellington Araújo | Brazil | 14.33 | ||
Rodrigo Casar | Mexico | 14.35 | ||
Javier Moracho | Spain | DQ |
400 meters hurdles
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
José Alonso | Spain | 50.08 | ||
Frank Montiéh | Cuba | 50.81 | ||
Ricardo Biojo | Colombia | 52.95 | ||
4 | José Carvalho | Portugal | 53.87 | |
Carlos Pereira | Portugal | 59.66 | Guest |
3000 meters steeplechase
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domingo Ramón | Spain | 8:27.20 | ||
Juan Torres | Spain | 8:30.12 | Guest | |
Emilio Ulloa | Chile | 8:37.36 | ||
Adauto Domingues | Brazil | 8:40.17 | ||
4 | Fernando Couto | Portugal | 8:47.80 |
High jump
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.95 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 2.06 | 2.09 | 2.12 | 2.14 | 2.16 | 2.18 | 2.20 | 2.24 | |||||
Jorge Alfaro | Cuba | - | - | - | - | - | o | - | - | xo | o | xxx | 2.20 | ||
Roberto Cabrejas | Spain | - | - | - | o | - | o | - | xxo | - | xxx | 2.16 | |||
Victor Mendes | Portugal | o | o | - | o | - | o | - | xxx | 2.12 | |||||
Martí Perarnau | Spain | o | - | o | - | o | o | xx | 2.12 | Guest | |||||
4 | Fernando Pastoriza | Argentina | - | - | - | - | o | xxx | 2.09 | ||||||
5 | Carlos Izquierdo | Colombia | o | o | o | o | o | xxx | 2.09 |
Pole vault
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.90 | 4.30 | 4.50 | 4.60 | 4.70 | 4.80 | 4.90 | 5.00 | 5.05 | 5.20 | 5.50 | |||||
Alberto Ruiz | Spain | - | - | - | - | - | o | - | o | - | o | xxx | 5.20 | ||
Salvador Maranges | Spain | - | - | - | - | o | - | xo | - | o | xxx | 5.05 | Guest | ||
Robert Aleu | Spain | - | - | o | - | xo | xxx | 4.70 | Guest | ||||||
Manuel Miguel | Portugal | - | xo | o | o | xxx | 4.50 | ||||||||
Claudio Escauriza | Paraguay | o | xxo | xxx | 4.30 |
Long jump
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Jaime Jefferson | Cuba | 7.46 (+0.8) | 7.64 (+1.2) | 7.67 (+1.0) | 7.93 (+1.0) | x | 7.34 (+0.6) | 7.93 (+1.0m/s) | ||
Antonio Corgos | Spain | 7.83 (+1.6) | x | 7.67 (+1.0) | 7.89 (+1.4) | x | 7.90 (+0.4) | 7.90 (+0.4m/s) | ||
Jordi Vila | Spain | 7.17 (-0.7) | x | 7.28 (+0.2) | 7.42 (+0.8) | x | x | 7.42 (+0.8m/s) | Guest | |
Alberto Solanas | Spain | x | x | 7.21 (+0.0) | x | x | x | 7.21 (+0.0m/s) | Guest | |
Jacinto Santamaría | Spain | 7.10 (+1.0) | 7.08 (+0.0) | 6.96 (+0.4) | 6.98 (+1.4) | x | x | 7.10 (+1.0m/s) | Guest | |
Antonio Vermehudo | Portugal | 7.07 (+1.0) | 6.90 (+0.4) | x | 6.84 (+1.4) | x | x | 7.07 (+1.0m/s) | ||
Luis Azevedo | Portugal | x | 7.02 (+1.6) | 4.65 (+0.4) | 7.02 (+1.6m/s) | Guest | ||||
4 | Ángel Gagliano | Argentina | x | x | x | x | x | 6.79 (+1.4) | 6.79 (+1.4m/s) | |
5 | Johnny Alexander Sterling | Costa Rica | x | 5.63 (+1.4) | 6.16 (+1.0) | 6.09 (+1.2) | 6.60 (+1.0) | 6.64 (+0.4) | 6.64 (+0.4m/s) |
Triple jump
Final – 23 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Lázaro Betancourt | Cuba | 15.97 (+1.2) | x | 16.04 (+0.6) | x | x | x | 16.04 (+0.6m/s) | ||
Alberto Santamaría | Spain | 15.52 (+1.0) | 15.77 (+1.0) | 15.61 (+0.4) | 15.59 (-0.7) | 15.76 (+0.8) | 15.77 (+1.0m/s) | |||
Luis Azevedo | Portugal | 15.16 (+0.6) | x | x | x | 15.51 (+0.6) | x | 15.51 (+0.6m/s) | ||
4 | Ángel Gagliano | Argentina | x | x | 15.20 (+0.4) | x | 15.48 (+1.2) | x | 15.48 (+1.2m/s) |
Shot put
Final – 23 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Luis Mariano Delís | Cuba | 16.79 | 17.41 | 17.52 | x | x | 18.69 | 18.69 | ||
Martín Vara | Spain | 15.38 | 16.74 | x | 16.64 | 17.19 | x | 17.19 | ||
Gerardo Carucci | Argentina | 15.42 | 15.74 | 16.17 | 15.95 | x | x | 16.17 | ||
4 | Vital Silva | Portugal | x | x | x | 13.70 | x | 13.74 | 13.74 |
Discus throw
Final – 23 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Luis Mariano Delís | Cuba | 63.28 | 62.82 | 64.60 | 65.24 | x | x | 65.24 | ||
Sinesio Garrachón | Spain | 55.16 | 54.74 | 55.22 | 55.88 | 55.82 | x | 55.88 | ||
Ricardo Ballbé | Spain | 52.94 | 54.04 | 49.30 | 52.74 | x | x | 54.04 | Guest | |
José Carlos Jacques | Brazil | 51.54 | 51.74 | 47.54 | 47.52 | x | x | 51.74 | ||
4 | Claudio Escauriza | Paraguay | 48.70 | x | 45.98 | 46.46 | 48.52 | x | 48.70 | |
5 | Norberto Aimé | Argentina | 48.40 | 46.06 | 45.86 | 46.14 | 45.76 | 45.88 | 48.40 |
Hammer throw
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Raúl Jimeno | Spain | 68.50 | 68.10 | 67.32 | 69.36 | 68.68 | x | 69.36 | ||
Genovevo Morejón | Cuba | 62.48 | 65.28 | 64.70 | x | x | - | 65.28 | ||
Francisco Fuentes | Spain | 62.16 | - | 63.44 | 62.60 | 61.52 | 63.30 | 63.44 | Guest | |
José Luis Velasco | Spain | 57.06 | 57.82 | x | 58.22 | x | 58.66 | 58.66 | Guest | |
Daniel Gómez | Argentina | - | 55.58 | 55.78 | x | x | x | 55.78 |
Javelin throw
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Juan Francisco Garmendia | Argentina | x | 72.00 | 71.28 | x | 68.86 | x | 72.00 | ||
Carlos Cunha | Portugal | 68.50 | 67.90 | 62.66 | 69.84 | 64.66 | 69.94 | 69.94 | ||
Juan José Rosell | Spain | 59.58 | 65.64 | 64.92 | x | x | 68.46 | 68.46 | ||
Salvador Primo | Spain | - | - | x | 63.42 | 58.78 | x | 63.42 | Guest | |
4 | Claudio Escauriza | Paraguay | 57.32 | x | 55.14 | x | 56.90 | 59.92 | 59.92 |
20 kilometers walk
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Querubín Moreno | Colombia | 1:31:02 | ||
José Pinto | Portugal | 1:31:03 | ||
Santiago Fonseca | Honduras | 1:34:19 | ||
4 | Jorge Quiñones | Colombia | 1:38:15 | |
Jaime Vila | Spain | 1:40:05 | Guest | |
Rafael Cobos | Spain | 1:48:20 | Guest | |
Alberto Saladie | Spain | DNF |
4x100 meters relay
Final – 25 September
Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spain | Juan José Prado Juan Tolrá Ángel Heras Florencio Gascón |
40.40 | ||
Cuba | José Luis Isalgue Ángel Bueno Jaime Jefferson Tomás Pedro González |
40.45 | ||
Brazil | José Luíz Barbosa Nelson Rocha dos Santos Sergio Mathias Franco de Meneses Wellington Araújo |
41.00 |
4x400 meters relay
Final – 25 September
Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cuba | Tomás Pedro González Lázaro Martínez Frank Montiéh Julio Osvaldo Prado |
3:07.05 | ||
Brazil | Evaldo Rosa da Silva José Luíz Barbosa Nelson Rocha dos Santos Sergio Mathias Franco de Meneses |
3:07.62 | ||
Spain | Manuel González Benjamín González José Alonso Ángel Heras |
3:08.17 | ||
4 | Portugal | José Carvalho Alvaro Silva Luis Cunha Carlos Cabral |
3:15.74 |
Women's results
100 meters
Final – 23 September
Wind: +0.4m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Esmeralda de Jesus Garcia | Brazil | 11.67 | ||
Luisa Ferrer | Cuba | 11.74 | ||
Lourdes Valdor | Spain | 12.07 | ||
4 | Adriana Pero | Argentina | 12.21 | |
5 | Dolores Vives | Spain | 12.76 |
200 meters
Final – 25 September
Wind: +1.1m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Luisa Ferrer | Cuba | 23.84 | ||
Virginia Gomes | Portugal | 24.59 | ||
Adriana Pero | Argentina | 24.79 | ||
4 | María José Martínez-Patiño | Spain | 24.81 | |
Blanca Lacambra | Spain | 25.54 | Guest |
400 meters
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ana Fidelia Quirot | Cuba | 52.08 | ||
Gregoria Ferrer | Spain | 56.98 |
800 meters
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Neri McKeen | Cuba | 2:03.07 | ||
Alejandra Ramos | Chile | 2:03.17 | ||
Maite Zúñiga | Spain | 2:05.41 | ||
4 | Albertina Machado | Portugal | 2:08.51 |
1500 meters
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aurora Cunha | Portugal | 4:15.55 | ||
Alejandra Ramos | Chile | 4:16.33 | ||
Gloria Pallé | Spain | 4:17.66 | ||
Amelia Lorza | Spain | 4:18.88 | Guest | |
4 | Eloína Kerr | Cuba | 4:20.20 | |
Albertina Machado | Portugal | 4:20.44 | Guest | |
5 | Fabiola Rueda | Colombia | 4:20.94 | |
Mónica Regonessi | Chile | 4:25.87 | Guest | |
6 | Ena Guevara | Peru | 4:31.72 | |
7 | Norma Franco | El Salvador | 4:32.72 |
3000 meters
Final – 23 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aurora Cunha | Portugal | 9:14.10 | ||
Pilar Fernández | Spain | 9:26.59 | ||
Fabiola Rueda | Colombia | 9:27.59 | ||
4 | Ena Guevara | Peru | 9:34.22 | |
5 | Mónica Regonessi | Chile | 9:35.51 | |
6 | Norma Franco | El Salvador | 9:56.21 |
100 meters hurdles
Final – 24 September
Wind: +1.7m/s
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elida Aveillé | Cuba | 13.29 | ||
Beatriz Delia Capotosto | Argentina | 13.52 | ||
María José Martínez-Patiño | Spain | 13.93 | ||
4 | Conceição Aparecida Geremias | Brazil | 14.69 | |
5 | Leida Castro | Dominican Republic | 15.37 |
400 meters hurdles
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conceição Aparecida Geremias | Brazil | 58.74 | ||
Rosa Colorado | Spain | 59.97 | ||
Alma Delia Vázquez | Mexico | 1:01.90 | ||
María Jesús Isla | Spain | 1:02.49 | Guest |
High jump
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.55 | 1.60 | 1.63 | 1.66 | 1.69 | 1.72 | 1.75 | 1.77 | 1.80 | 1.83 | |||||
Orlane Maria Lima dos Santos | Brazil | - | - | - | - | o | - | o | o | xxo | xxx | 1.80 | ||
Isabel Mozún | Spain | - | - | - | o | - | o | o | xxx | 1.75 | ||||
Hildelisa Despaigne | Cuba | - | - | o | xo | o | xo | o | xxx | 1.75 | ||||
Asunción Morté | Spain | - | - | - | o | - | o | - | xxx | 1.72 | Guest | |||
4 | Conceição Alves | Portugal | - | - | o | o | o | xxx | 1.69 | |||||
5 | Andrea Sassi | Uruguay | o | o | o | xxo | xo | xxx | 1.69 |
Long jump
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Eloína Echevarría | Cuba | 6.40 (+1.6) | x | 6.49 (+1.9) | x | 6.37 (+1.7) | 6.36 (+1.0) | 6.49 (+1.9m/s) | ||
Ana Oliveira | Portugal | 6.09 w (+2.1) | x | 6.13 (+0.8) | x | x | x | 6.13 (+0.8m/s) | ||
Olga Dalmau | Spain | 5.94 (+0.8) | 6.11 w (+2.1) | 6.04 (+1.0) | - | x | x | 6.11 w (+2.1m/s) | Guest | |
Estrella Roldán | Spain | x | 6.01 (+0.4) | x | 6.02 (+0.8) | 6.01 (+0.6) | x | 6.02 (+0.8m/s) | ||
Conceição Alves | Portugal | 6.00 w (+2.7) | x | 6.01 (+1.0) | 5.94 (+1.9) | 5.76 (+1.0) | 5.84 (+1.0) | 6.01 (+1.0m/s) | Guest | |
4 | Esmeralda de Jesus Garcia | Brazil | 5.82 (+1.7) | 5.97 (+1.0) | x | 5.70 w (+2.1) | 5.67 (+1.1) | 5.66 (+1.4) | 5.97 (+1.0m/s) |
Shot put
Final – 24 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Maritza Martén | Cuba | 14.34 | 14.78 | 14.52 | 13.62 | 13.26 | x | 14.78 | ||
Marinalva Rita dos Santos | Brazil | 14.66 | 14.74 | 13.48 | 13.88 | 14.34 | 13.98 | 14.74 | ||
Adilia Silverio | Portugal | 12.52 | 12.90 | 13.02 | 13.02 | 12.84 | 13.34 | 13.34 | ||
Enriqueta Díaz | Spain | 13.04 | x | 12.98 | x | 13.00 | x | 13.04 | Guest | |
4 | Cristina Carballo | Spain | x | x | 12.70 | 12.38 | 12.68 | 12.68 | 12.70 |
Discus throw
Final – 25 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Maritza Martén | Cuba | x | 52.32 | 58.76 | x | 56.22 | 56.50 | 58.76 | ||
Odete Valentino Domingos | Brazil | 45.48 | x | 46.98 | x | x | x | 46.98 | ||
Ángeles Barreiro | Spain | x | x | x | 41.78 | 39.32 | 41.10 | 46.74 | ||
Carmen García | Spain | 43.66 | 39.06 | 40.88 | 41.46 | 46.26 | 44.74 | 46.26 | Guest | |
Encarna Gambús | Spain | 41.50 | x | 44.26 | 45.30 | x | x | 45.30 | Guest | |
Margarita Nadal | Spain | 37.70 | 38.10 | 36.34 | 37.60 | 39.36 | 38.86 | 39.36 | Guest | |
4 | Leida Castro | Dominican Republic | 33.70 | x | x | 38.28 | x | x | 38.28 |
Javelin throw
Final – 23 September
Rank | Name | Nationality | Attempts | Result | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
María Caridad Colón | Cuba | 55.98 | 56.04 | 57.60 | x | 52.06 | 51.84 | 57.60 | ||
Teresinha Vaz | Portugal | 42.32 | 41.82 | x | x | x | 47.56 | 47.56 | ||
Aurora Moreno | Spain | 43.00 | 44.74 | 40.32 | x | x | 36.12 | 44.74 | ||
Conceição Alves | Portugal | 37.66 | 39.36 | x | x | x | x | 39.36 | Guest | |
4 | Leida Castro | Dominican Republic | 35.88 | 36.70 | 33.74 | 37.02 | x | x | 37.02 |
4x100 meters relay
Final – 25 September
Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spain | Angela Domínguez Elena Guisasola Teresa Rioné Lourdes Valdor |
47.26 | ||
Portugal | Ana Oliveira Vera Lisa Conceição Alves Virginia Gomes |
49.81 |
4x400 meters relay
Final – 25 September
Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cuba | Ana Fidelia Quirot Mercedes Ileana Alvarez Neri McKeen Hildelisa Despaigne |
3:38.94 | ||
Spain | Gregoria Ferrer Esther Lahoz Blanca Lacambra Maite Zúñiga |
3:41.30 |
References
- ^ Mansilla, Ignacio (May 2010), "BARCELONA - 1983 - RESULTADOS - I CAMPEONATOS IBEROAMERICANOS - Barcelona (Estadio Juan Serrahima) - 23-25 Septiembre 1983", EL ATLETISMO IBEROAMERICANO (PDF) (in Spanish) (4th ed.), Real Federación Española de Atletismo, pp. 83–88, ISBN 84-87704-77-8, retrieved 19 March 2015