Orchis militaris
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) |
- Orchis militaris Poir. is a synonym of Orchis italica.
| Military orchid | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Genus: | Orchis |
| Species: | O. militaris
|
| Binomial name | |
| Orchis militaris | |
| Synonyms | |
Orchis militaris, the military orchid,[1] is a species of orchid native to Europe. It is the type species of the genus Orchis.
Description
This plant grows to a height of 20 to 50 cm with a robust stem with rather drawn up oblong basal leaves. The inflorescence forms a purplish dense cone consisting of from 10 to 40 flowers. In each flower the sepals and side petals are gathered together to form a pointed "helmet" (whence it gets its name), a lilac colour outside and a veined purple colour inside. The central tongue finishes in two lobes separated by a tooth.
Flowering period
Depending on location, April to June.
Habitat
Likes full light on a dry calcareous substrate. For example, unfertilized lawns, meadows, edges and light woods up to 2000m in altitude.
Distribution
It is well distributed around Europe, reaching as far north as southern Sweden, but rather rare in the Mediterranean areas.
It is extremely rare in Britain and a protected species, occurring only at the Rex Graham nature reserve in Suffolk and the Buckinghamshire Chilterns.[2]
Uses
Orchis militaris contains the nutritious polysaccharide glucomannan, and is one of the original species of orchid whose ground-up roots are used to make the drink salep.
Chemistry
Orchinol is a phenanthrenoid that can be isolated from infected O. militaris.[3]
References
- ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Stroh, Peter A. (2016), Orchis militaris L. Military Orchid. Species Account. (PDF), Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, retrieved 1 November 2019
- ^ Structure of Orchinol, Loroglossol, and Hircinol. Roy M. Letcher and Llewellyn R. M. Nhamo, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1973, pages 1263-1265, doi:10.1039/P19730001263
External links
Media related to Orchis militaris at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Orchis militaris at Wikispecies- Military orchid (Orchis militaris)
- Orchis militaris distribution
