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Trumpler 14

Coordinates: Sky map 10h 43m 56s, −59° 33′ 00″
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Trumpler 14
HST ACS visible and infrared image
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Right ascension10h 43m 56s[1]
Declination−59° 33′ 00″[1]
Distance8,980 ly (2,753 pc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)5.5[1]
Physical characteristics
Mass4.3+3.3
−1.5×103 M☉
Estimated age300000–500000 years
One of the youngest known star clusters
Other designationsCr 230, C 1041-593, Cl VDBH 102, [DBS2003] 54, [KPR2004b] 263, [KPS2012] MWSC 1846[1]
Associations
ConstellationCarina
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

Trumpler 14 (Tr 14) is an open cluster with a diameter of six light-years (1.8 pc), located within the inner regions of the Carina Nebula, approximately 8,980 light-years (2,753 pc) from Earth.[1][2] Together with the nearby Trumpler 16, they are the main clusters of the Carina OB1 stellar association, which is the largest association in the Carina Nebula, although Trumpler 14 is not as massive or as large as Trumpler 16.[3]

About 2000 stars have been identified in Trumpler 14.[4] and the total mass of the cluster is estimated to be 4,300 M☉.[5]

Age

It is one of the youngest known star clusters, estimates range from 300 to 500 thousand years old.[5] For comparison, the massive super star cluster R136 is about 1 to 2 million years old,[6] and the famous Pleiades is about 115 million years old.[7]

Members

Due to its location within the inner parts of the Carina Nebula, Trumpler 14 is currently undergoing massive star formation. As a result, the star cluster exhibits many stars of late O to early A spectral type, which are very massive (at least 10 solar masses), short-lived and hot (20000 K). The brightest member is HD 93129, a triple system consisting of three individual class O stars.[8] It also contains HD 93128, an O3.5 V((fc))z star, an extremely hot and young main sequence star.[9]

Prominent stars
Star name MJ number Effective temperature Absolute magnitude Bolometric magnitude Mass (M☉) Spectral type Ref.
HD 93129 177 42500+44000+44000 -6.5 + -4.9 -7.5 110+70+52 O2If+O3.5V+O3.5V((f))z [10][11][12]
HD 93128 157 51300 -5.4 -10 75 O3.5V((fc))z [13]
HD 93160 229 42700 -5.9 -9.9 62 O6III [13]
HD 303311 351 46100 -5 -9.2 51 O5V [13]
CPD-58 2611 115 43600 -4.6 -8.6 39 O6V [13]
HD 305524 404 39800 -5 -8.8 37 [13]
CPD-58 2620 192 42400 -4.3 -8.3 35 O6.5V [13]
165 38500 -4.8 -8.5 34 O8V [13]
HD 305516 36 43600 -4 -8.1 33 [13]
HD 305532 593 40800 -4.3 -8.2 33 [13]
CPD-59 2610 449 42300 -4 -7.9 31 [13]
CPD-58 2627 203 39800 -4.1 -7.9 29 [13]

Future

In a few million years, as its stars die, it will trigger the formation of metal-rich stars, and in a few hundred million years Trumpler 14 will probably dissipate.[14]

  • Image of the Carina OB1 association. Trumpler 14 is the massive cluster of stars at the upper right of center.
    Image of the Carina OB1 association. Trumpler 14 is the massive cluster of stars at the upper right of center.
  • Trumpler 14 as seen by the Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator (MAD) mounted on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). Image is based on a combination of K and H filters. Field of view is about two arcminutes across.
    Trumpler 14 as seen by the Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator (MAD) mounted on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). Image is based on a combination of K and H filters. Field of view is about two arcminutes across.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Trumpler 14". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  2. ^ W.S. Dias; B.S. Alessi; A. Moitinho & J.R.D. Lépine (2002). "New catalogue of optically visible open clusters and candidates". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 389 (3): 871–873. arXiv:astro-ph/0203351. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..871D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668.
  3. ^ Davidson, Kris; Humphreys, Roberta M. (23 January 2012). Davidson, Kris; Humphreys, Roberta M. (eds.). Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Volume 384. Vol. 384. Springer Science+Business Media. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384.....D. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "Young star cluster Trumpler 14 revealed in stunning image". ScienceDaily. 2009-12-04. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  5. ^ a b H. Sana; Y. Momany; M. Gieles; G. Carraro; et al. (2010). "A MAD view of Trumpler 14". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 515: A26. arXiv:1003.2208. Bibcode:2010A&A...515A..26S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913688.
  6. ^ Crowther, Schnurr; Hirschi, Yusof; Parker, Goodwin; Kassim (2010). "The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M⊙ stellar mass limit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 731. arXiv:1007.3284. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ Basri G.; Marcy G. W.; Graham J. R. (1996). "Lithium in Brown Dwarf Candidates: The Mass and Age of the Faintest Pleiades Stars". Astrophysical Journal. 458: 600. Bibcode:1996ApJ...458..600B. doi:10.1086/176842.
  8. ^ Kaler, James D. (2002). The Hundred Greatest Stars. Copernicus Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-387-95436-3. Retrieved 2014-10-01 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Smith, Nathan (2006). "A census of the Carina Nebula - I. Cumulative energy input from massive stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 367 (2): 763–772. arXiv:astro-ph/0601060. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.367..763S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10007.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ Repolust, T.; Puls, J.; Herrero, A. (2004). "Stellar and wind parameters of Galactic O-stars. The influence of line-blocking/blanketing". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 415: 349–376. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..349R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034594.
  11. ^ Nelan, Edmund P.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Wallace, Debra J.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Makidon, Russell B.; Gies, Douglas R.; Panagia, Nino (2004). "Resolving OB Systems in the Carina Nebula with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (1): 323–329. Bibcode:2004AJ....128..323N. doi:10.1086/420716.
  12. ^ Cohen, D. H.; Gagné, M.; Leutenegger, M. A.; MacArthur, J. P.; Wollman, E. E.; Sundqvist, J. O.; Fullerton, A. W.; Owocki, S. P. (2011). "Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of the very early O supergiant HD 93129A: Constraints on wind shocks and the mass-loss rate". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 415 (4): 3354–3364. arXiv:1104.4786. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.415.3354C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18952.x. S2CID 8258609.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Massey, P.; Degioia-Eastwood, K.; Waterhouse, E. (2001). "The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. II. Results from 12 Galactic Clusters and OB Associations". The Astronomical Journal. 121 (2): 1050–1070. arXiv:astro-ph/0010654. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.1050M. doi:10.1086/318769.
  14. ^ de La Fuente (1998). "Dynamical Evolution of Open Star Clusters". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 110 (751): 1117. Bibcode:1998PASP..110.1117D. doi:10.1086/316220.


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