Land yacht (automobile)
A land yacht is an informal category of large automobiles.[1][2][3] While full-size cars are manufactured worldwide to this day, the term is most often used in reference to full-size cars of American origin between 1960 and 1976.[4]
Alongside full-size and luxury four-door sedans, the land yacht term was applicable to multiple body styles, including two-door notchback sedans, personal luxury coupés, convertibles, and station wagons.[5][6]
Land yachts are among the largest mass-produced cars manufactured, a category which is represented by full-size SUVs.
American cars
The term "land yacht" began to appear in the late 1950s, as full-size luxury cars began to grow in size independently from mainstream nameplates.[7] Initially descriptive of the high level of comfort features and soft ride, land yachts were designed "for the open road where living room-comfortable seats made the front seat seem like a plush couch with a windshield and steering wheel in front of it."[7] During the 1960s and 1970s, land yachts of various types were produced by nearly all American automobile manufacturers; the largest were offered by Cadillac, Lincoln, Imperial and Buick.[8] Many examples of the 1970s were denoted by a "Brougham" trim level. Following the 1973 and 1979 oil crises, the "land yacht" term had negative connotations, primarily referencing the cars' poor handling (as a consequence of the soft ride), unwieldy size, and vague steering.[7]
The 1973 oil crisis brought the first wave of American-produced cars to face pressure toward downsizing, coinciding with a shift by consumers away from glamour alone towards quality, feature content, and fuel economy. For example, American Motors' last full-size car was a redesigned 1974 Ambassador on a 122 in (3,099 mm) wheelbase offered only in Brougham trim that was discontinued after one model year as consumers shifted toward more economical cars.[9][10]
Following the 1979 oil crisis, US car manufacturers again "struggled to redirect the inertia of bigger cars and engines."[9] The New Yorker, the flagship of the Chrysler brand with a 124 in (3,150 mm) wheelbase and a 440 cu in (7.2 L) V8 engine, was discontinued after 1978 before being succeeded by a smaller model. In 1991 and 1992, respectively, General Motors and Ford would introduce redesigned full-size cars for the last time. After the 1996 model year, General Motors phased out production of the Buick Roadmaster, Chevrolet Caprice, and Cadillac Fleetwood,[11] with the Ford Crown Victoria, Mercury Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Town Car outlasting them by 15 years.
Excluding limousines, the longest American-produced production sedan is the 1974-76 Cadillac Fleetwood 75 nine-passenger sedan measured 252.2 in (6,406 mm). At 5,712 lb (2,591 kg), the heaviest American-produced car (excluding trucks and SUVs) is the 1960 Lincoln Continental convertible.
As of 2022, these remain the longest and heaviest production cars made by American-market manufacturers.
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1960 Lincoln Continental -
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1974 Imperial LeBaron
European cars
Outside of North America, the term "land yacht" sees little use on locally produced cars, largely due to different consumer demands. Past and present, several flagship models from Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz, and Bentley have placed ride comfort as a primary design objective, with dimensions comparable to the largest American saloons produced.
In contrast to its LWB counterpart, the Mercedes-Benz 600 SWB was developed to be driven by its owner; it was produced nearly exclusively as a four-door saloon. The 1963–1981 600 SWB has a length of up to 5,540 mm (218.1 in) and a kerb weight of 2,475 kg (5,456 lb).[12]
The Rolls-Royce Phantom VII (and the currently produced Phantom VIII successor) are positioned as flagship saloons, breaking from the previous Phantom model line of limousines bodied by coachbuilders. The standard-wheelbase Phantom VII is 5,760 mm (226.9 in) long, with a kerb weight of 2,560 kg (5,644 lb). Following the 2002–2012 Maybach 57 and 62, Mercedes-Benz revived the nameplate as its Mercedes-Maybach sub-brand in 2015. The Mercedes-Maybach S650 is 20 cm (7.8 in) longer than its Mercedes-Benz S-Class counterpart, with the S650 having a length of 5.45 m (214.7 in), weighing 2,285 kg (5,037 lb).[13] In a similar way, Bentley has traditionally produced rivals to Rolls-Royces biggest vehicles, most recently with its Mulsanne, which was 5,580 mm (219.5 in) long in its shortest form, and as much as 6,580 mm (258.9 in) in Grand Limousine specification.[14] Aston Martin has also produced large-sized models including the 1974-1990 Lagonda and the Lagonda Taraf.
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1969 Mercedes-Benz 600 -
2015 Rolls-Royce Phantom -
2019 Bentley Mulsanne William Owen Edition -
Aston Martin Lagonda
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Recreational vehicles and trailers
The "land yacht" description was used in the 1941 film Sullivan's Travels to describe a bus converted with bedrooms, bathroom, and kitchen, or an early recreational vehicle (RV).[15][16]
Airstream, an American manufacturer of RV trailers (caravans), used Land Yacht as the model name of its flagship model line of trailers.[17][18][19][20]
See also
References
- ^ Burkhart, Bryan; Hunt, David (2000). Airstream: The History of the Land Yacht. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9780811824712.
- ^ "Definition of Land Yacht". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ Dirven, René (2003). Metaphor and metonymy in comparison and contrast. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 504. ISBN 9783110173741. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
- ^ Quinteros, Luis (10 October 2010). "Ten Great Land Yachts". Jalopnik. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ Stone, Matt (19 August 2013). "American Dreamboats". Hagerty Classic Cars. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ French, Laura (25 April 2008). "The Station Wagon: Though mostly gone, these noble land yachts had rich history". StarTribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Sutherland, Jim (4 February 2012). "Why Every Car Guy Needs To Pilot A Giant Old School Land Yacht Barge". thetruthaboutcars.com. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ Kunz, Bruce (25 August 2014). "The Imperial Crown was Chrysler's top-of-the-line land yacht". stltoday.com. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ a b Rood, Eric (20 March 2017). "Tonnage: 10 Gigantic Malaise-Era Land Yachts". Roadkill. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ Cranswick, Marc (2011). The Cars of American Motors: An Illustrated History. McFarland. pp. 167, 175. ISBN 9780786485703. Retrieved 4 August 2022 – via Google Books.
AMC still made one of those land yachts in 1974. The full-size car was still called Ambassador.
- ^ Krebs, Michelle (19 May 1996). "Buick Roadmaster; A Land Yacht Sails Into the Sunset". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ "Detailed specs review of 1981 Mercedes-Benz 600 offered until June 1981 for Europe North America worldwide". automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "Detailed specs review of 2019 Mercedes-Maybach S 650 model for Europe". automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "Bentley Mulsanne Detailed Specifications". bentleymotors.com. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ "Buses on Screen - Sullivan's Travels (1941, Joel McCrea, Veronica Lake)". busesonscreen.net. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ^ "Sullivan's Travels (1941)". filmsite.org. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ^ Burkhart, Bryan; Hunt, David (2000). Airstream: The History of the Land Yacht. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9780811824712.
- ^ Bleier, Evan. "Airstream's Last Land Yachts Are Sailing Away Into the Sunset". insidehook.com. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ Cox, Tara (2013). Airstream: The Silver RV. Shire Publications. ISBN 9780747814054. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ "Land Yacht". Airstream. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2022.