Geographical centre of Scotland
There is some debate as to the location of the geographical centre of Scotland. This is due to different methods of calculating the centre, and whether surrounding islands are included.
Centre of gravity method
In 2002, the Ordnance Survey calculated the centre using a mathematical centre of gravity method. This is the mathematical equivalent of calculating the point at which a cardboard cut-out of Scotland could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin. It becomes complicated when the islands are included so one simplification is just to ignore them.
The Ordnance Survey calculated that the centre of Mainland Scotland is at NN7673153751 (56°39′33.86″N 4°0′40.37″W / 56.6594056°N 4.0112139°W). The point is 5 km east of the mountain of Schiehallion, which is sometimes claimed to be at the centre of Scotland.
Including islands
The centre point including islands was found to be at grid reference NN6678471599 (56°49.0153′N 4°10.959′W / 56.8169217°N 4.182650°W). This is on a hillside near Loch Garry, between Dalwhinnie and Blair Atholl and close to the A9 road and the railway line.[1][2]
Nearby, it is claimed that the centre lies a few miles from the village of Newtonmore, Badenoch. It is marked by a stone set into a wall.[3]
Latitude and longitude
Another cruder method is to take the intersection between the line of latitude midway between the most northerly and southerly points on the Scottish mainland, and the line of longitude midway between the most easterly and westerly points. In the days when Corrachadh Mòr in Ardnamurchan was undisputedly the most westerly point, this also produced 56 degrees 39 minutes N, 4 degrees 0 minutes W, very near the summit of Schiehallion.
However the construction of the Skye Bridge, arguably turning Skye into part of the Scottish mainland, may have upset some of these calculations.
Megalithic centre
Less credible candidates for the centre of Scotland also exist. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1908 suggested the megalithic Faskally Cottages Standing Stones.[4] The Society were aware of other contenders of the centre of Scotland: "Various spots have been so designated: a site at Struan, several miles to the N.W. of Faskally; also a house on the Killiecrankie road, being the most talked of besides a house in the Fair City of Perth itself."[5]
Historic centre
Matthew Paris's map of 1247 shows a clear north–south divide to Scotland. Proverbially Stirling is the strategically important "Gateway to the Highlands". It has been said that "Stirling, like a huge brooch clasps Highlands and Lowlands together".[6][7] There is also and east–west divide as told in the story as recorded by Boece who relates that in 855 Scotland was invaded by two Northumbrian princes, Osbrecht and Ella.[8] They united their Northumberian Anglian forces with the Lowland Strathclyde Britons in order to defeat the Highland Pictish Scots. Having secured Stirling castle, they built the first stone bridge over the Forth. On the top they reportedly raised a crucifix with the inscription: "Anglos, a Scotis separat, crux ista remotis; Arma hic stant Bruti; stant Scoti hac sub cruce tuti."[9] It may be the stone cross was a tripoint for the three kingdom's borders or marches.[10] In this way the stone cross in the centre of Stirling Bridge was the heart of Scotland.[11]
Central Belt and Watershed
The centre of the Central Belt may also be a point of interest. The Heart of Scotland services known as Harthill is close to the centre of the M8 motorway, Scotland's main road linking East with West. Cumbernauld, also in the Central Belt, is a watershed with one of its rivers (from which its name is derived) flowing to the east and the other flowing west. This watershed test could also apply to other sites like the summit of Ben Lomond being on the line of the Scottish watershed but Cumbernauld arguably has this property in its very name. A map of Scotland's watershed has been produced for walkers.[12]
Furthest from the sea
There have been other centres suggested, such as the furthest point from salt water including sea lochs. The point furthest from the Mean High Water mark is in Glen Quoich, near Braemar, in Aberdeenshire which is 67.6 km from the sea.[13][14]
As with other topics like defining the location of the North Pole the answer largely depends on which criteria you choose.
Other contenders
Some have also claimed Gartincaber Tower[15] for the title.[16] Even some Stirlingshire residents consider it ahead of Stirling Bridge.[17]
See also
References
- ^ Haran, Brady (24 October 2002). "Brave hearts of Scotland". BBC News Online. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ https://inaccessibility.net/great-britain Poles of Inaccessibility
- ^ http://www.newtonmore.com/our-community/centre-of-scotland.html Ordnance Survey Plaques
- ^ McCredie, Alan (14 October 2014). "100 Weeks of Scotland: The 'middle' of Scotland". The Scotsman. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1908). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (Vol XLII ed.). Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by Neill and Company. pp. 113–121.
- ^ Smith, Alexander (3 November 2014). quotation 1856. The History Press. ISBN 9780750960403. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ Smith, Alexander (1865). A summer in Skye. London: Sampson Low, Marston. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ Nimmo, William; Gillespie, Robert (1880). The history of Stirlingshire. Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison. pp. 63–64. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
- ^ Stewart, William; Turnbull (ed.), William B. (1858). The buik of the croniclis of Scotland : or, A metrical version of the History of Hector Boece. Published by the authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, under the direction of the Master of the Rolls - Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. pp. 441–442. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
{{cite book}}:|last2=has generic name (help) - ^ Shearer, John Elliot (1897). Shearer's Stirling : historical and descriptive, with extracts from Burgh records and Exchequer Roll volumes, 1264 to 1529, view of Stirling in 1620, and an old plan of Stirling. Stirling: R.S. Shearer & Son. p. 17. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ Holinshed, Raphael (1807). Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Vol 1). London: J. Johnson [etc.] pp. 203–204. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
- ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13072554 Scotland's watershed map (bbc report)
- ^ "Where is Scotland's pole of inaccessibility?". Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ "Facts and figures about Scotland's sea area (coastline length, sea area in sq kms)". Marine Scotland. Archived from the original on 2017-04-01.
- ^ "Gartincaber Tower". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ "Gartincaber Tower - the centre of Scotland?". The Scotsman. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ "Gartincaber Tower - The Heart of Scotland". Stirling Smith. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
External links
- Heart of Scotland using QGIS