Protein THEMIS

THEMIS
Identifiers
Aliases	THEMIS, C6orf190, C6orf207, GASP, SPOT, TSEPA, bA325O24.3, bA325O24.4, thymocyte selection associated
External IDs	OMIM: 613607; MGI: 2443552; HomoloGene: 72287; GeneCards: THEMIS; OMA:THEMIS - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	127,918,631 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	28,759,814 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; granulocyte; ; testicle; ; appendix; ; blood; ; primary visual cortex; ; epithelium of colon; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; prefrontal cortex; ; tonsil;
	Top expressed in
	thymus; ; blood; ; lymph node; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; oocyte; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; primary oocyte; ; secondary oocyte; ; spleen; ; zygote;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; COP9 signalosome; nucleus; cell-cell junction;
Biological process	multicellular organism development; T cell receptor signaling pathway; adaptive immune response; negative T cell selection; positive T cell selection; immune system process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	387357
	210757
	ENSG00000275122; ENSG00000172673
	ENSMUSG00000049109
	Q8N1K5
	Q8BGW0
NM_001010923; NM_001164685; NM_001164687; NM_001318531; NM_001394520;
	NM_001394521; NM_001394522
	NM_178666; NM_001305663; NM_001374699
	NP_001010923; NP_001158157; NP_001158159; NP_001305460
	NP_001292592; NP_848781; NP_001361628
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Protein THEMIS is a protein encoded by the eponymous THEMIS gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

This protein plays a regulatory role in both positive and negative T cell selection during late thymocyte development. The protein functions through T-cell antigen receptor signaling, and is necessary for proper lineage commitment and maturation of T-cells.^[8] Changes in THEMIS gene expression due to the rs138300818 variant promote the development of early-onset type 1 diabetes.^[9]

The name

THEMIS is an acronym for thymocyte-expressed-molecule. Themis is also the name of a Titan in Greek mythology who weighed the fates of humans, an apt choice since the protein is important in deciding the fate of the T cell during development.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000172673 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000275122, ENSG00000172673 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000049109 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Fu G, Vallée S, Rybakin V, McGuire MV, Ampudia J, Brockmeyer C, et al. (August 2009). "Themis controls thymocyte selection through regulation of T cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 848–856. doi:10.1038/ni.1766. PMC 2757056. PMID 19597499.
^ Lesourne R, Uehara S, Lee J, Song KD, Li L, Pinkhasov J, et al. (August 2009). "Themis, a T cell-specific protein important for late thymocyte development". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 840–847. doi:10.1038/ni.1768. PMC 2848698. PMID 19597498.
^ Johnson AL, Aravind L, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Choi SY, Crockford TL, et al. (August 2009). "Themis is a member of a new metazoan gene family and is required for the completion of thymocyte positive selection". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 831–839. doi:10.1038/ni.1769. PMC 2908989. PMID 19597497.
^ "Entrez Gene: thymocyte selection associated".
^ Sandholm N, Rubio García A, Pekalski ML, Inshaw JR, Cutler AJ, Todd JA (August 2022). "Thymocyte regulatory variant alters transcription factor binding and protects from type 1 diabetes in infants". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14137. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214137S. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18296-4. PMC 9391468. PMID 35986039.
^ Zielinska E (2009-11-01). "Six degrees of science". The Scientist.

Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, et al. (January 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, Jackson PD, Perry R, Cain S, et al. (May 2001). "Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression". Nature Biotechnology. 19 (5): 440–445. doi:10.1038/88107. PMID 11329013. S2CID 25064683.
Allen PM (August 2009). "Themis imposes new law and order on positive selection". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 805–806. doi:10.1038/ni0809-805. PMID 19621038. S2CID 205359914.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 6 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ENSG00000172673 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000275122, ENSG00000172673 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000049109 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid19597499-5] Fu G, Vallée S, Rybakin V, McGuire MV, Ampudia J, Brockmeyer C, et al. (August 2009). "Themis controls thymocyte selection through regulation of T cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 848–856. doi:10.1038/ni.1766. PMC 2757056. PMID 19597499.

[pmid19597498-6] Lesourne R, Uehara S, Lee J, Song KD, Li L, Pinkhasov J, et al. (August 2009). "Themis, a T cell-specific protein important for late thymocyte development". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 840–847. doi:10.1038/ni.1768. PMC 2848698. PMID 19597498.

[pmid19597497-7] Johnson AL, Aravind L, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Choi SY, Crockford TL, et al. (August 2009). "Themis is a member of a new metazoan gene family and is required for the completion of thymocyte positive selection". Nature Immunology. 10 (8): 831–839. doi:10.1038/ni.1769. PMC 2908989. PMID 19597497.

[entrez-8] "Entrez Gene: thymocyte selection associated".

[9] Sandholm N, Rubio García A, Pekalski ML, Inshaw JR, Cutler AJ, Todd JA (August 2022). "Thymocyte regulatory variant alters transcription factor binding and protects from type 1 diabetes in infants". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14137. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214137S. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18296-4. PMC 9391468. PMID 35986039.

[url_Six_degrees_of_science-10] Zielinska E (2009-11-01). "Six degrees of science". The Scientist.

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Function

The name

References

Further reading