Quercus humboldtii
| Quercus humboldtii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae |
| Species: | Q. humboldtii
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus humboldtii | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Quercus humboldtii, commonly known as the Andean oak, Colombian oak or roble, is a species of oak found only in Colombia and Panamá. It is named for Alexander von Humboldt.
Description
Quercus humboldtii is an evergreen tree which grows to a height of 25 metres (82 feet) and a diameter of 1 m (3 ft 3 in), with buttresses of up to 1 m. Its bark is reddish gray or gray and fissured, breaking into squares and flaking. The leaves are simple, alternate and lanceolate, up to 10–20 centimetres (4–8 inches) long, and clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers are small, yellow, and unisexual, with a racemic inflorescence. Male flowers are numerous, with long-styled female flowers in a cupula. The fruit is a light brown, ovoid capsule, or acorn, with a leathery pericarp, 20–25 millimetres (3⁄4–1 inch) in diameter and 50–70 mm (2–2+3⁄4 in) long, resting on a scaly cupule. Only one fruit per cupule is developed, and the inside of the acorn shell is woolly.[2][3][4]
Distribution and habitat
It grows in the mountains with an altitudinal range from 1,000 to 3,200 m (3,300 to 10,500 ft). It is found on all three Colombian Andean mountain ranges and some lowland inter-Andean regions.[5][6][7]
The tree grows in the Andean highlands where the mean annual temperature is 16−24 °C, and the mean annual rainfall 1,500–2,500 mm (59–98 in). It can be found in moderately fertile and deep soils as well as in degraded soils, preferring shallow soils with a thick layer of humus. The acorns provide important food for wildlife; two parrots – the rusty-faced parrot and Fuertes's parrot – are endemic to the threatened montane ecosystems of the Colombian Andes and are particularly dependent on the Andean oak forests as a home.[2]
References
- ^ The Plant List, Quercus humboldtii Bonpl.
- ^ a b "Quercus humboldtii" (PDF). Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. Agroforestry Database 4.0. 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre 1809. Plantae Aequinoctiales 2: 155-156 short description in Latin, longer description plus commentary and figure captions in French
- ^ Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre 1809. Plantae Aequinoctiales 2: plate 130 full-page drawing of Quercus humboldtii
- ^ "Biogeography of the Colombian oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpl: geographical distribution and their climatic adaptation" (PDF). González, Carlos E.; Jarvis, Andy; & Palacio, Juan Diego. International Center for Tropical Agriculture. 2006. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Muller, C. H. 1942. The Central American species of Quercus. United States Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Plant Industry. Miscellaneous Publication 477: 1–216
- ^ Muller, C. H. 1960. Flora of Panama, Part IV. Fascicle 2. Fagaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 47(2): 95–104
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