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Julian Smith (photographer)

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Julian Smith
Smith in 1936 by W. B. McInnes
Born
Julian Augustus Romaine Smith

5 December 1873 (1873-12-05)
Melbourne, Australia
Died13 November 1947(1947-11-13) (aged 73)
Melbourne
Alma materUniversity of Adelaide, University of Melbourne
Occupation(s)Surgeon, photographer
MovementPictorialism
Spouse
Edith Reynolds
​
(m. 1901)​
Signature

Julian Augustus Romaine Smith F.R.P.S. (1873–1947) was a British-Australian surgeon and photographer.

Early life and education

Julian Smith was born on 5 December 1873 in Camberwell, Surrey, England, the son of Rose Amelia Smith (née Pooley) and Captain Julian Augustus James Smith, master mariner. His family migrated to live in Halifax Street Adelaide, Australia three years later.

He was educated at Prince Alfred College and the University of Adelaide where he obtained a Bachelor of Science in 1892 and on graduation taught at his former school, returning to University to study medicine from 1893. He rowed in the winning Adelaide university crew in 1895–1896. However a mass resignation of all honorary physicians and surgeons due to disagreement between the board of management of the Royal Adelaide Hospital and the government ceased clinical instruction, so that in 1897 Smith and seventeen other students had to move to Melbourne to complete their studies, and there he rowed in and coached the Ormond College rowing crew 1897–1898.

Smith graduated with M.B. in 1898 and B.S. in 1899 at the top of his year, with exhibitions, and prizes including that offered by the estate of Dr. James George Beaney for bacteriology in surgery.[1] He was made senior resident medical officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital,[2] and was interim medical superintendent. He obtained his M.D. (Melbourne) in 1901 followed by the degree of Master of Surgery (Adelaide) in 1908, examined by Professor Welsh,[3] of the University of Sydney, and Dr. Reissmann and Professor of operative surgery Archibald Watson of Adelaide University.[4][5] His thesis was "The Treatment Surgical Tuberculosis" from his research on the treatment of tuberculosis by vaccines, in the opsonic method developed by Sir Almroth Wright, with whom Smith worked when in London.[6]

Surgeon

Julian Smith (1930s): The theatre sister

In April 1901[7] Smith began general practice at Morwell, Gippsland[8] where he was appointed Health Officer,[9][10] with an early task of dealing with an outbreak of diphtheria.[11] He and Edith Mary Reynolds were married by Archdeacon Langley at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, on 24 September that year.[12]

While the couple lived in Gippsland, their first son was born on 21 January 1903.[13] In January 1906, to the regret of friends and patients,[14] though he returned to operate on patients there until 1912,[15][16] he left Morwell to practice as a junior partner in the Simpson Street, East Melbourne, surgery of Frederic Bird.[17][18][19][20] Considerable attention from the press was given in 1912 to Smith's depositions supporting claimants suing the Railway Commissioners after an accident at Yea, during which Smith's and other medico's fees were questioned.[21][22] Smith was called upon in subsequent years to give medical evidence in court in the cases of divorce,[23] inheritance disputes, murder and assault, accidents[24] and suicides.

He was appointed honorary demonstrator of surgery at the University of Melbourne in mid-1907,[25][26] and also elected honorary surgeon at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne,[19] and influenced its recognition as a clinical school of the university during 1909. He successfully established rooms at 59 Collins Street (later at 2 Collins Street)[27] and a private hospital.[28][29] One of his patients was Tasmanian Senator Rudolph Ready,[30] and in 1918 Albury Anzac veteran and grazier George Robert Jackson bequeathed him £3000.[31] The couple, then residing in Powlett St. South Yarra,[32] purchased a holiday home, part of Glen Shian on Ballar Creek in Mt Eliza, in 1921.[33][34] In 1927 he became a Foundation Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Presenting Victoria at the International Cancer Conference while on holiday in London in 1928 Smith predicted that a cure for cancer was imminent,[35] and later speaking in Australia on the use of radium in its treatment,[36][37] he used Dr. Ronald G. Canti's recent film[38] to discuss its effect on cancer cells,[39] comparing the spread of the latter to 'Bolsheviks.'[40] He retired from St Vincents and was appointed consulting surgeon in 1929.[41] His long-distance phone consultation with Harley Street specialist in London Dr. Moreland McCrea concerning a life-and-death case was healed as 'epoch-making' and attracted the attention of King George V.[42]

In 1936 he retired from practice, but in World War II returned to surgery. From his interests in haematology, he made the prototypes of a pump for transfusing blood direct from donor to patient,[43][44] and devised a machine for sharpening and polishing transfusion and other needles, both inventions advanced surgical treatment. As a member of the British Medical Association in 1901–36 he promulgated views on surgery, particularly on diseases of the urinary tract, at branch meetings and his research in urology and transfusion was published in the Medical Journal of Australia.[4][41]

Photographer

Julian Smith (1930s): Self-portrait

Recognised as a distinguished surgeon in Melbourne, Smith succeeded in a parallel career as an eminent photographer when, having taken up the medium in the 1920s and exhibiting with the Melbourne Camera Club,[45] he devoted time to it in his late forties. He specialised in portraiture which he exhibited locally and internationally. He helped establish the Victorian Photographic Salon as a founding member in 1929 and was its president and frequently judged its exhibitions,[46] including its International Salon.[47] In 1946 the Australasian Photo-Review paid tribute to him;

"It is safe to assume that every Australian photographer is familiar with the work of Dr. Julian Smith His artistic genius, his technical skill and his versatility are famous, not only in Australia, but throughout the whole world of pictorial photography."[48]

He was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.[49] In his early history of the medium in Australia Jack Cato asserted that Smith "had no superior in any part of the world".[50] His portraits are in an outmoded Pictorialist style in a period of the emerging New Photography,[51][52] artistically lit with orchestrated, sometimes melodramatic, poses,[53] and printed with radical overexposure in pyrocatechin developer and bleaching-back with ferricyanide.[50] In his more contrived, but popular,[52] 'character study' tableaux the subject may be costumed as a protagonist from Dickens, Shakespeare, or from nursery rhymes.

Smith's character studies appeared with an article explaining his technique in Contemporary Photography,[54]

Reception

Smith's work was widely admired in the 1920s and 1930s. Reviewing his contributions to an exhibition of the Melbourne Camera Club in July 1926, The Age newspaper wrote; "Dr. Julian Smith's work in the field of portraiture is quite distinguished by its refinement,"[55] and in a review of a May 1930 show in which his work featured, the newspaper noted that "the matter of tone (spcaking from the painter's point of view) has received close attention," especially in "such fine studies as The Prince, East Is East, and the head study, August Knapps. An outdoor study of choice quality is The Little Dock.[56]

Smith's work served as material for discussion during the 1930s of the artistic worth of photography. Painter Arthur Streeton, reviewing the 1931 International exhibition of the Victorian Salon of Photograph at the Athenaeum Gallery, after a preamble supporting the idea that photography is art, chooses for his first comments Smith's The Painter, La Rixe ('The Brawl')[57] and Flight.[58] Of the same show watercolourist Blamire Young remarks on Smith's determination "to extract from his models the very utmost they can offer in the way of character and presentment. His lighting effects are still further systematised, and his control of his medium appears to be on the verge of the absolute," hailing his portrait of John Shirlow "as good as anything Dr. Smith has done. It shows the fine feeling for type which guides him in the selection of his sitters, and which so frequently places his work in the front rank," though, at odds with Streeton he condemns the "crudity of ... design" in La Rixe which "reminds of the gulf which still separates photography from fine art."[59]

By 1933 the Australasian Photo-Review was more specific about the effect of his portraits and 'character studies';

Dr Julian Smith is represented by four of his capable portrait studies; perhaps character studies would be a more apt description. He uses emphasis of lighting in a dramatic way, and thus heightens the drama already suggested by the disposition of the model.[60]

He achieved international recognition; the American Annual of Photography featured his "My Aims and Methods" in 1941.[61] Unafraid to express his forthright opinions, in 1935 after the 3rd Canadian salon, he wrote to Eric Brown, director of the National Gallery of Canada, to complain "about the selection methods, the acceptance of photogravure as a photographic process, the recognition or not of certain technical processes" and the definition of "experimental photography."[62]

Portraitist

Julian Smith (1930s): Portrait of Marjorie Bick MSc

Smith was a mentor to portraitist and fashion photographer Athol Shmith, whose studio was also in the 'Paris End' of Collins Street, Melbourne.[51]

Julian Smith's subjects, his fellow medicos include biochemist Marjorie Bick, virologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet,[63] pathologist Howard Florey,[64] Royal Physician Thomas Horder,[65] anatomist Professor Frederic Wood Jones,[66] Dr. John Dale,[67] Dr. Thomas Wood;[68] and other celebrated Australians aviator Charles Kingsford Smith,[69] Colonel Walter E. Summons,[70][71] Brigadier Neil Hamilton Fairley;[72] writer Robert Henderson Croll,[73] and poets John Shaw Neilson,[74] and Bernard O'Dowd;[75] dancer Sono Osato;[76] actors Gregan McMahon,[77] and Frank Talbot;[78] artists John Shirlow,[79] Murray Griffin,[80] William Dargie,[81] and Lionel Lindsay,[82] photographers Harold Cazneaux (who also photographed Smith),[83] Dudley Johnston,[84] E. B. Hawkes,[85] Monte Luke[86] James E. Paton[87] and F. C. Tilney;[88] politician Alfred Stephen;[89] Gwendolyn M. Bernard;[90] businessman Sir Robert Gibson;[91] Beatrice Baillieu,[92] and community worker and writer Paquita Mawson.[93][94]

Legacy

Smith died of cancer on 13 November 1947 at his East Melbourne home aged 74, and was cremated at Springvale with Anglican rites.[95] His wife Edith, sons Dr Orme Smith, Dr Geoffrey Smith (dentist), Dr Hubert Smith, and daughter Roma (Mrs Page) survived him.[96]

Smith was a pigeon breeder and valued it as a hobby[97] and for its commercial possibilities, proclaiming that "the squab is highly nutritious and in all diseases which caused a loss of tissue there was nothing in the albuminous type of meat to be compared with the flesh of the pigeon.[98] He was also known for dancing to relax between operations in the surgery;[99] writer Joan Lindsay remembered that "trifling eccentricities ... gave Dr Julian his unique flavour. Behind the rather petulant façade he was a good, clever and kindly man, mourned by thousands of friends and patients when he died."[100]

In 1943 Smith saw and was impressed by the drawings of a young man Russell Drysdale who was in hospital in Melbourne for an operation on his left eye, and he introduced him to Daryl Lindsay, through whom Drysdale met George Bell of the Contemporary Art Society which promoted modernist European styles, and he encouraged Drysdale to consider becoming a professional artist.[101]

W. B. McInnes's portrait of Dr Julian Smith won the Archibald in 1936.[102][103] Posthumously, Kodak published a portfolio of Smith's portraits, Fifty Masterpieces of Photography.[104]

Exhibitions

Group

  • 1926, July: Melbourne Camera Club, Kodak Salon, 161 Swanston Street, Melbourne[55]
  • 1930, May: Everymans Library, Collins Street, Melbourne [56]
  • 1930, July: Victorian Salon of Photography exhibition, Fine Art Society, 100 Exhibition St., Melbourne[105][106][107]
  • 1931, 1–12 September: International exhibition of the Victorian Salon of Photograph, Athenaeum Gallery[57][58][108]
  • 1939, 7–19 August: international camera pictures. Opened by Harold B. Herbert Athenaeum Gallery, 188 Collins Street, Melbourne[109]

Posthumous

  • 1948, 5–23 April: The Dr. Julian Smith Memorial Collection, Kodak Salon Galleries, 386 George Street, Sydney[110]
  • 1958, September to November: The Memorial Exhibition of Character Portrait Studies by the late Dr Julian Smith, The Kodak Galleries, Sep – Nov 1958[111][112]

Collections

  • National Portrait Gallery[79]
  • National Library of Australia[88]
  • State Library of Victoria[90]
  • National Gallery of Victoria
  • Art Gallery of New South Wales[86]
  • Adelaide University Research and Scholarship Collection[64]
  • Photographs by Julian Smith

References

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  4. ^ a b Russell, K. F. (1988). "Smith, Julian Augustus (1873–1947)'". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 11. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
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  38. ^ Canti, R. G. (1927). The cultivation of living tissue: irradiation of living tissue in vitro by beta and gamma rays ; Dark ground illumination, showing the internal structures of the cell. Cambridge Research Hospital, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. OCLC 31666029.
  39. ^ "Cancer Research : Research Workers and Anti-Vivisectionists". The Age. 12 September 1929. p. 11. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  40. ^ "The Cancer Problem : Light May Come Soon : Dr. Julian Smith's Optimism". The Age. 19 September 1929. p. 10. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  41. ^ a b Vellar, Ivo D. (2003). "Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor". ANZ Journal of Surgery. 72 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02286.x. ISSN 1445-1433. PMID 11906425. S2CID 19415210.
  42. ^ "Made History". Maitland Daily Mercury. 1 July 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  43. ^ "The Julian Smith direct blood transfusion pump was invented by Dr Smith in Melbourne, 1941". Victorian Collections. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  44. ^ Wilson, Neil (12 July 2004). "Surgery On Show". Herald Sun. p. 26.
  45. ^ Elliott, Alan; Melbourne Camera Club (1991). A century exposed: one hundred years of the Melbourne Camera Club : history. South Melbourne: The Club. p. 9. ISBN 9780646012520. OCLC 1035486217.
  46. ^ "Victorian Salon 1929". www.siep.org.au. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Judging Photographers Work". Argus. 7 August 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  48. ^ H.S.L. (1 November 1946). "The Recent Portrait Work of Dr. Julian Smith, F.R.P.S.". Australasian Photo-Review. 53 (11): 523.
  49. ^ Tilney, F. C.; Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1928). Pictorial photography: exhibited at the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, 1928. London: Fountain Press. p. 37. OCLC 633868.
  50. ^ a b Cato, Jack (1977). The Story of the Camera in Australia. Melbourne: Institute of Australian Photographers. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-9596839-0-5. OCLC 977124927.
  51. ^ a b Van Wyk, Susan; Shmith, Michael; Whitfield, Danielle (2006). The Paris End: Photography, Fashion & Glamour (1st ed.). Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7241-0271-6. OCLC 995540139.
  52. ^ a b Rossi, Danielle (1996). "Naturalism and the establishment of photography as an artform in mid-century Australia". photo-web: Australian Photography History. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  53. ^ Bunbury, Alisa (2020). Pride of place: exploring the Grimwade collection. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-522-87639-0. OCLC 1225623501.
  54. ^ Smith, Dr. Julian (April 1947). "Character Study". Contemporary Photography: 36.
  55. ^ a b "Camera Pictures". The Age. 6 July 1926. p. 12. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  56. ^ a b "Art In Photography : An Interesting Exhibition". Age. 27 May 1930. p. 7. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  57. ^ a b ""La Rixe" (The Brawl)". Argus. 29 August 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  58. ^ a b Streeton, Arthur (1 September 1931). "Fine Art Photography : International Display". The Argus. p. 9. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  59. ^ Young, Blamire (31 August 1931). "Photographic Art Show". The Herald. p. 8. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  60. ^ "Review of the Victorian Salon of Photography". Australasian Photo-Review. 40 (6). 1 July 1933.
  61. ^ Smith, Julian (1941). "My Aims and Methods". American Annual of Photography. 55.
  62. ^ Kunard, Andrea (2009). "The Role Of Photography Exhibitions At The National Gallery Of Canada (1934–1960)". Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d'histoire de l'art Canadien. 30: 35. ISSN 0315-4297. JSTOR 42616529.
  63. ^ Centre, Australian Science and Technology Heritage. "14 – Photographs – Frank Macfarlane Burnet Guide to Records". austehc.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  64. ^ a b "Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968) Portraits". Adelaide Research and Scholarship.
  65. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Lord Horder, Royal Physician". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  66. ^ Smith, Julian Augustus Romaine (1934). "Portrait of Professor Frederic Wood Jones". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  67. ^ Smith, Julian (1935), Dr. John Dale, retrieved 28 June 2022
  68. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "Dr, Thomas Wood". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  69. ^ Smith, Julian (1932). "Portrait of Charles Kingsford Smith in aviator suit, ca. 1932". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  70. ^ Smith, F. B., "Summons, Walter Ernest Isaac (1881–1970)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 28 June 2022
  71. ^ Smith, Julian (1930), Colonel W. Summons, retrieved 28 June 2022
  72. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Brigadier N. Hamilton Fairley". National Gallery of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  73. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "Robert Henderson Croll". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  74. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "John Shaw Nielson". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  75. ^ Smith, Julian (1925–1935). "Bernard O'Dowd". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  76. ^ Smith, Julian (1938–1940). "Sono Osato of the Covent Garden Russian Ballet and the original Ballets Russes, ca. 1939 [picture]". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  77. ^ Smith, Julian (1920s). "Portrait of Gregan McMahon as Micawber". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  78. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Portrait of Frank Talbot as the character Dick Swiveller appearing in The old curiosity shop, Melbourne Athenaeum, Victoria ca. 1930". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  79. ^ a b "John Shirlow, c. 1937". National Portrait Gallery collection. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  80. ^ Smith, Julian (1935). "Murray Griffin". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  81. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "William Dargie". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  82. ^ "Lionel Lindsay / photograph by Dr Julian Smith". Collection – State Library of NSW. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  83. ^ Cazneaux, Harold (1930). Dr. Julian Smith. OCLC 220099154.
  84. ^ Smith, Julian (1935), Dudley Johnston, retrieved 28 June 2022
  85. ^ Smith, Julian (1920s). "E B Hawkes, circa 1920s by Julian Smith". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  86. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1939). "Monte Luke, by Julian Smith". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  87. ^ Smith, Julian (1927), James E. Paton, retrieved 28 June 2022
  88. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1930s). "F.C. Tilney, F.R.P.S." National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  89. ^ "Alfred Stephen, 1939 / Julian Smith". Collection – State Library of NSW. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  90. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1938). "Gwendolyn M. Bernard, née Smith". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  91. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Sir Robert Gibson". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  92. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Beatrice Baillieu". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  93. ^ "Paquita Mawson". State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  94. ^ McEwin, Emma; Whittle, Nancy Robinson, "Mawson, Francisca Adriana (Paquita) (1891–1974)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 28 June 2022
  95. ^ "Obituary : Dr. Julian Smith". The Advocate. Burnie, Tasmania. 15 November 1947. p. 2.
  96. ^ "Obituary Dr Julian Smith, Noted Surgeon, Photographer". The Argus. 15 November 1947. p. 8. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  97. ^ "Squab Exhibition". The Australasian. 9 August 1919. p. 46. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  98. ^ "The Squab Hobby". Richmond Guardian. 5 August 1922. p. 1. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  99. ^ "Ladies' Letter". Public Opinion. 12 March 1914. p. 9. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  100. ^ Lindsay, Joan (2020). Time Without Clocks. Introduction by Phillip Adams. pp. 275–276. ISBN 978-1-922268-62-4. OCLC 1262561776.
  101. ^ Rooney, Robert (28 June 2021). "Russell Drysdale, outback visionary, dies". The Age.
  102. ^ Westwood, Matthew (16 June 2020). "Prize find as Archibald centenary nears". The Australian.
  103. ^ Lennon, T. (30 March 2012). "Lasting fame eluded first Archibald winner". The Daily Telegraph. p. 115.
  104. ^ Smith, Julian Augustus Romaine; Grimwade, Russell (1948). Fifty masterpieces of photography: containing some of the last and finest works of this internationally-famous master (reproduced in facsimile). Victoria, Australia: McLaren. OCLC 5857259.
  105. ^ Herbert, Harold (26 July 1930). "ART : An exhibition of camera pictures". Australasian. p. 15. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  106. ^ "Camera Pictures At The Fine Art Galleries". The Age. 15 July 1930. p. 7. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  107. ^ "Camera Pictures Please : Artistic Creations". The Herald. 14 July 1930. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  108. ^ "The Painter". Argus. 8 August 1931. p. 17. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  109. ^ Victorian Salon of Photography (1939). Catalogue of international camera pictures: exhibited in the Athenaeum Gallery, 188 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria ; 7th to 19th August 1939 ; hours 10a.m. to 9p.m. ; officially opened by Harold B. Herbert. Melbourne: The Salon. OCLC 217243494.
  110. ^ "Kodak Salon Galleries (advertisement)". Australasian Photo-Review. 55 (4): 221. 1 April 1948.
  111. ^ Smith, Julian (1958). Catalogue of the memorial exhibition of character portrait studies by the late Dr. Julian Smith, B. Sc., M.D., F.R.A.C.S., Hon. F.R.P.S.: presented in recognition of the tenth anniversary of the passing of a master artist and a gracious gentleman. Adelaide: Kodak Galleries. OCLC 437253070.
  112. ^ "In Town and Out : Photographs from Many Lands". Herald. 11 August 1931. p. 6. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
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