List of ambassadors of the United States to Armenia
Ambassador of the United States to Armenia | |
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Միացյալ Նահանգների դեսպանը Հայաստանում | |
![]() Seal of the United States Department of State | |
since February 21, 2023 | |
Residence | Yerevan |
Nominator | The President of the United States |
Appointer | The President with Senate advice and consent |
Inaugural holder | Harry J. Gilmore as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |
Formation | May 12, 1993 |
Website | No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata. ![]() |
Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on August 23, 1990,[1] having previously been the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the constituent republics of the USSR since 1936, and part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic since 1920. In the wake of the August 1991 Coup, a referendum was held on the question of secession. Following an overwhelming vote in favor, full independence was declared on September 21, 1991. However, widespread recognition did not occur until the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. The United States recognized Armenia on December 25, 1991.[2]
The embassy in Yerevan was opened February 3, 1992, with Steven Mann as Chargé d'affaires ad interim.
Ambassadors
U.S. diplomatic terms |
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Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". |
Image | Name | Appointed | Presented credentials | Terminated mission | Notes |
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Harry J. Gilmore[3] – Career FSO | May 12, 1993 | May 31, 1993 | Left post, July 11, 1995 | |
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Peter Tomsen – Career FSO | June 27, 1995 | September 6, 1995 | September 6, 1998 | |
Michael Craig Lemmon – Career FSO | June 29, 1998 | September 21, 1998 | October 1, 2001 | ||
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John Malcolm Ordway – Career FSO | November 5, 2001 | November 23, 2001 | July 31, 2004 | |
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John Marshall Evans – Career FSO | June 30, 2004 | September 4, 2004 | Left post, September 10, 2006[4] | Recalled by the Bush administration over remarks about the Armenian genocide.[4] |
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Rudolf V. Perina[5] | September 10, 2006 | August 1, 2008 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | |
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Marie L. Yovanovitch[6] – Career FSO | August 4, 2008 | September 22, 2008 | June 9, 2011 | |
Bruce Donahue – Career FSO | June 9, 2011 | October 6, 2011 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
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John A. Heffern[7] – Career FSO | September 29, 2011 | October 17, 2011[8] | December 22, 2014 | |
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Richard M. Mills Jr. – Career FSO | January 2, 2015 | February 15, 2015 | October 17, 2018[9] | |
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Rafik Mansour – Career FSO | October 17, 2018 | March 1, 2019 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | |
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Lynne M. Tracy – Career FSO[10] | February 19, 2019[11] | March 1, 2019[12] | December 20, 2022 | |
Chip Laitinen - Career FSO | January 5, 2023 | February 21, 2023 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
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Kristina Kvien – Career FSO | December 13, 2022 | February 21, 2023 |
The U.S. Ambassador to Armenia holds the title Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
See also
- Ambassadors from the United States
- Ambassadors of Armenia to the United States
- Armenia – United States relations
- Embassy of Armenia, Washington, D.C.
- Embassy of the United States, Yerevan
- Foreign relations of Armenia
- Foreign relations of the United States
References
- ^ "Armenia Independence". The Government of Armenia. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian". U. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
- ^ Gilmore was nominated for the second time by President Clinton on April 2, 1993. An earlier nomination of August 10, 1992 was not acted upon by the Senate.
- ^ a b Emil Danielyan (May 24, 2006). "U.S. Envoy to Armenia Recalled". ArmeniaLiberty.org. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
- ^ United States Embassy in Yerevan. "Embassy Leadership". United States Department of State: U.S. Embassy in Yerevan. Archived from the original on November 3, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
- ^ "United States Embassy in Yerevan: The Ambassador". Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
- ^ "United States Embassy in Yerevan: The Ambassador". Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
- ^ Ambassador Heffern Presents Copies of Credentials to Foreign Minister Nalbandian
- ^ Mills, Richard M. (October 9, 2018). "Farewell Speech As Prepared Ambassador Richard M. Mills". am.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
- ^ "U.S. Ambassador to Armenia Lynne Tracy". November 7, 2021. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Ambassador to Armenia Lynne Tracy". am.usembassy.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ "Foreign Minister of Armenia Zohrab Mnatsakanyan met with Lynne M. Tracy, newly appointed Ambassador of the United States". www.mfa.am. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
External links
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
- United States Department of State: Background notes on Armenia
- United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Armenia
- United States Department of State: Armenia
- United States Embassy in Yerevan