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HMS Steadfast (1918)

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Sister ship Strenuous
History
United Kingdom
NameSteadfast
Ordered7 April 1917
BuilderPalmers, Jarrow
Laid downSeptember 1917
Launched8 August 1918
CompletedMarch 1919
Out of service28 July 1934
FateSold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and typeS-class destroyer
Displacement
Length265 ft (80.8 m) p.p.
Beam26 ft 9 in (8.15 m)
Draught9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) mean
Propulsion
Speed36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h)
Range2,750 nmi (5,090 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement90
Armament

HMS Steadfast was an Admiralty S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy in the Russian Civil War. The S class was a development of the R class created during the First World War as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched in 1918 just before the Armistice, the ship was commissioned into the Mediterranean Fleet and was soon in action as part of the Royal Navy operation supporting the White Russians in the Black Sea. In 1919, Steadfast accompanied the monitor M29 in bombarding a Russian battery in Ochakiv and, the following year, took part in action north of the Georgian city of Poti alongside the light cruiser Caradoc. Soon afterwards, the destroyer returned to Chatham and was placed in reserve at Nore. Steadfast was retired and sold to be broken up in 1934.

Design and development

Main article: S-class destroyer

Steadfast was one of 33 Admiralty S-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty on 7 April 1917 as part of the Eleventh War Construction Programme. The design was a development of the R class introduced at the same time as, and as a cheaper and faster alternative to, the V and W class.[1][2] Differences with the R class were minor, such as having the searchlight moved aft and being designed to mount an additional pair of torpedo tubes.[3]

The destroyer had a overall length of 276 ft (84 m) and a length of 265 ft (81 m) between perpendiculars. Beam was 26 ft 8 in (8.13 m) and mean draught 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m). Displacement was 1,075 long tons (1,092 t) normal and 1,221 long tons (1,241 t) deep load. Three Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of Parsons geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) at normal loading and 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph) at deep load. Two funnels were fitted. A full load of 301 long tons (306 t) of fuel oil was carried, which gave a design range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[4][5]

Armament consisted of three QF 4 in (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline.[5] One was mounted raised on the forecastle, one on a platform between the funnels, and one aft.[6] The ship also mounted a single 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun for air defence. Four 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes were carried in two twin rotating mounts aft.[5] Four depth charge chutes were also fitted aft. Initially, typically ten depth charges were carried.[7] The ship was designed to mount two additional 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes either side of the superstructure but this required the forecastle plating to be cut away, causing excess water to come aboard at sea, so they were removed.[3] The weight saved enabled the heavier Mark V 21-inch torpedo to be carried.[1] Fire control included a training-only director, single Dumaresq and a Vickers range clock.[8] The ship had a complement of 90 officers and ratings.[9]

Construction and career

Laid down in September 1917 during the First World War by Palmers at their dockyard in Jarrow, Steadfast was launched on 8 August 1918 shortly before the Armistice that ended the war and completed in March the following year.[9][10] The ship was the first to be given the name, and the hundredth warship supplied by the shipyard, to the Royal Navy.[11][12] Steadfast was commissioned into the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla, joining the Mediterranean Fleet under the dreadnought battleship Iron Duke.[13] The destroyer was soon in action supporting the Southern Russia intervention in support of the White Russians in the Russian Civil War. On 2 May, Steadfast accompanied the monitor M29 to patrol in the Bay of Arabat and off the coast of Feodosia.[14] On the 13 August, the warships destroyed part of an onshore battery of 6 in (150 mm) guns at Ochakiv.[15] The vessel served again off Crimea on 23 August.[16]

Steadfast started the following year based at Malta on a break from the fighting. The respite was short and, on 16 January, the destroyer joined Iron Duke, sister ships Serapis and Somme on a sortie from the island back into the Black Sea.[17] On 7 March, the warship 31 refugees fleeing the conflict to Tuapse, although the authorities refused to allow them to land and so they were transhipped to a Russian vessel to continue their flight.[18] On 26 March, the destroyer helped evacuate British personnel from Sevastopol.[19] The vessel was back in action north of the Georgian city of Poti along with the light cruiser Caradoc on 15 April. It was clear, however, that the situation was increasingly turning away from the White Russians and the British government withdrew support for military action two months later.[20] The destroyer returned to Chatham on 16 June.[21]

On 20 June, Steadfast was re-commissioned into the Reserve Fleet at Nore.[22][23] The destroyer was allocated to Plymouth, serving there until after 27 December 1933.[24] Since 22 April 1930, the London Naval Treaty had limited total destroyer tonnage in the Navy and, with new warships entering service, there was a need to retire some of the older vessels.[25] On 28 July 1934, it was Steadfast's turn and the destroyer was sold to be broken up by Metal Industries at Charlestown.[11]

Pennant numbers

Penant numbers
Pennant number Date
F24 November 1919[26]
F78 January 1919[27]
F99 March 1919[28]
H37 January 1922[29]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Preston 1985, p. 85.
  2. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 169.
  3. ^ a b March 1966, p. 221.
  4. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 297.
  5. ^ a b c Preston 1985, p. 84.
  6. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 163.
  7. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 236.
  8. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 146.
  9. ^ a b Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 107.
  10. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 311.
  11. ^ a b Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 333.
  12. ^ "Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company (Limited): The Company's War Work". The Times. No. 42071. 10 April 1919. p. 21.
  13. ^ "X Mediterranean". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 21. July 1919. Retrieved 1 October 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
  14. ^ Snook 1989, p. 45.
  15. ^ Halpern 2019, p. 103.
  16. ^ Snook 1989, p. 49.
  17. ^ "Fleet Orders at Sea: Warships for Black Sea". The Times. No. 42312. 20 January 1920. p. 11.
  18. ^ Halpern 2019, p. 170.
  19. ^ Halpern 2019, p. 187.
  20. ^ Snook 1989, p. 50.
  21. ^ "Naval and Military Intelligence: HMS Steadfast". The Times. No. 42438. 16 June 1920. p. 6.
  22. ^ "Naval and Military Intelligence: Fleet Reserve Exercises". The Times. No. 42454. 5 July 1920. p. 20.
  23. ^ "835a Steadfast". The Navy List: 867. January 1921. Retrieved 1 October 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
  24. ^ "Royal Navy: Destroyer Changes". The Times. No. 46636. 27 December 1933. p. 19.
  25. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 211.
  26. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 47.
  27. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 51.
  28. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 53.
  29. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 72.

Bibliography

  • Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: a complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th century to the present. London: Chatham. ISBN 978-1-85367-566-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Halpern, Paul (2019). The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919-1929. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-91142-387-4.
  • March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
  • Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.
  • Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
  • Snook, David (1989). "British Naval Operations in the Black Sea 1918-1920: Part I". Warship International. 26 (1): 36–50.
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