Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodontidae early | |
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skull of Hyaenodon horridus | |
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skull of Cynohyaenodon cayluxi | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | †Hyaenodonta |
Superfamily: | †Hyaenodontoidea |
Family: | †Hyaenodontidae Leidy, 1869[1] |
Type genus | |
†Hyaenodon Laizer & Parieu, 1838
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Genera | |
[see text]
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Synonyms | |
list of synonyms:
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Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is an extinct family of placental mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the early Eocene and persisted well into the early Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, North America and Europe.[2][3][4]
Classification and phylogeny
Taxonomy
- Family: †Hyaenodontidae (Leidy, 1869)
- Genus: †Boritia (Solé, 2014)
- †Boritia duffaudi (Solé, 2014)
- Genus: †Neosinopa (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Neosinopa gobiensis (Lavrov, 1999)
- Genus: †Praecodens (Lange-Badré, 1981)
- †Praecodens acutus (Lange-Badré, 1981)
- Genus: †Preregidens (Solé, 2015)
- †Preregidens langebadrae (Solé, 2015)
- Genus: †Protoproviverra (Lemoine, 1891)
- †Protoproviverra palaeonictides (Lemoine, 1880)
- (unranked): †Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium clade
- Genus: †Cynohyaenodon (paraphyletic genus) (Filhol, 1873)
- †Cynohyaenodon cayluxi (Filhol, 1873)
- †Cynohyaenodon lautricensis (Lange-Badré, 1978)
- †Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri (Van Valen, 1965)
- †Cynohyaenodon smithae (Solé, 2021)
- †Cynohyaenodon trux (Van Valen, 1965)
- Genus: †Paracynohyaenodon (Martin, 1906)
- †Paracynohyaenodon magnus (Crochet, 1988)
- †Paracynohyaenodon schlosseri (Martin, 1906)
- Genus: †Quercytherium (Filhol, 1880)
- †Quercytherium simplicidens (Lange-Badré, 1975)
- †Quercytherium tenebrosum (Filhol, 1880)
- Genus: †Cynohyaenodon (paraphyletic genus) (Filhol, 1873)
- (unranked): †Eurotherium clade
- Genus: †Alienetherium (Lange-Badré, 1981)
- †Alienetherium buxwilleri (Lange-Badré, 1981)
- Genus: †Cartierodon (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
- †Cartierodon egerkingensis (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
- Genus: †Eurotherium (paraphyletic genus) (Polly & Lange-Badré, 1993)
- †Eurotherium mapplethorpei (Solé, 2021)
- †Eurotherium matthesi (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
- †Eurotherium theriodis (Van Valen, 1965)
- Genus: †Paenoxyaenoides (Lange-Badre, 1979)
- †Paenoxyaenoides liguritor (Lange-Badre, 1979)
- Genus: †Prodissopsalis (Matthes, 1950)
- †Prodissopsalis eocaenicus (Matthes, 1952)
- †Prodissopsalis jimenezi (Salesa, 2023)
- Genus: †Alienetherium (Lange-Badré, 1981)
- (unranked): †Leonhardtina clade
- Genus: †Leonhardtina (Matthes, 1952)
- †Leonhardtina godinoti (Solé, 2014)
- †Leonhardtina gracilis (Matthes, 1952)
- †Leonhardtina meridianum (Solé, 2020)
- Genus: †Leonhardtina (Matthes, 1952)
- (unranked): †Matthodon clade
- Genus: †Matthodon (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
- †Matthodon menui (Rich, 1971)
- †Matthodon peignei (Solé, 2020)
- †Matthodon tritens (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
- Genus: †Matthodon (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
- (unranked): †Oxyaenoides clade
- Subfamily: †Oxyaenoidinae (Lavrov, 1999) (syn. Francotheriini (Lavrov, 1999))
- Genus: †Oxyaenoides (Matthes, 1967)
- †Oxyaenoides aumelasiensis (Solé, 2020)
- †Oxyaenoides bicuspidens (Matthes, 1967)
- †Oxyaenoides lindgreni (Rich, 1971)
- †Oxyaenoides schlosseri (Rütimeyer, 1891)
- Genus: †Oxyaenoides (Matthes, 1967)
- Subfamily: †Oxyaenoidinae (Lavrov, 1999) (syn. Francotheriini (Lavrov, 1999))
- Subfamily: †Hyaenodontinae (Trouessart, 1885)
- Genus: †Consobrinus (Lange-Badre, 1979)
- †Consobrinus quercy (Lange-Badre, 1979)
- Genus: †Propterodon (paraphyletic genus) (Martin, 1906)
- †Propterodon morrisi (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
- †Propterodon paganensis (de Bonis, 2018)
- †Propterodon tongi (Liu & Huang, 2002)
- †Propterodon witteri (Zack, 2019)
- Tribe: †Epipterodontini (Lavrov, 1999)
- Genus: †Epipterodon (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Epipterodon hyaenoides (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
- Genus: †Immanopterodon (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Immanopterodon acutidens (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Immanopterodon implacidus (Lavrov, 1999)
- Genus: †Epipterodon (Lavrov, 1999)
- Tribe: †Hyaenodontini (Leidy, 1869)
- Genus: †Hyaenodon (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
- †Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus (Blainville, 1841)
- †Hyaenodon chunkhtensis (Dashzeveg, 1985)
- †Hyaenodon dubius (Filhol, 1873)
- †Hyaenodon eminus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
- †Hyaenodon exiguus (Gervais, 1873)
- †Hyaenodon filholi (Schlosser, 1887)
- †Hyaenodon gervaisi (Martin, 1906)
- †Hyaenodon heberti (Filhol, 1876)
- †Hyaenodon leptorhynchus (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
- †Hyaenodon minor (Lange-Badré, 1979)
- †Hyaenodon pervagus (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
- †Hyaenodon pumilus (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Hyaenodon requieni (Gervais, 1846)
- †Hyaenodon rossignoli (Lange-Badré, 1979)
- †Hyaenodon weilini (Wang, 2005)
- †Hyaenodon yuanchuensis (Young, 1937)
- Subgenus: †Neohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Thorpe, 1922)
- †Hyaenodon gigas (Dashzeveg, 1985)
- †Hyaenodon horridus (Leidy, 1853)
- †Hyaenodon incertus (Dashzeveg, 1985)
- †Hyaenodon macrocephalus (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Hyaenodon megaloides (Mellett, 1977)
- †Hyaenodon milvinus (Lavrov, 1999)
- †Hyaenodon mongoliensis (Dashzeveg, 1964)
- †Hyaenodon montanus (Douglass, 1902)
- †Hyaenodon vetus (Stock, 1933)
- Subgenus: †Protohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Stock, 1933)
- †Hyaenodon brevirostrus (Macdonald, 1970)
- †Hyaenodon crucians (Leidy, 1853)
- †Hyaenodon microdon (Mellett, 1977)
- †Hyaenodon mustelinus (Scott, 1894)
- †Hyaenodon raineyi (Gustafson, 1986)
- †Hyaenodon venturae (Mellett, 1977)
- Genus: †Hyaenodon (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
- Genus: †Consobrinus (Lange-Badre, 1979)
- Genus: †Boritia (Solé, 2014)
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships of family Hyaenodontidae are shown in the following cladograms:[5][6][7][8][9]
†Hyaenodonta |
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†Hyaenodontidae |
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†Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium clade †Leonhardtina clade †Eurotherium clade †Matthodon clade †Oxyaenoides clade (†Neohyaenodon) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
References
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
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- ^ Leidy J. (1869.) "On the extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska: including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 7: 1–472.
- ^ The Paleobiology Database Hyaenodontidae page
- ^ Lambert, David and the Diagram Group (1985): The Field Guide to Prehistoric Life. Facts on File Publications, New York. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7
- ^ Solé, F.; Falconnet, J.; Yves, L. (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.
- ^ Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
- ^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
- ^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
- ^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
- ^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.