Ch'oe U

Ch'oe U
Hangul	최우
Hanja	崔瑀
Revised Romanization	Choe U
McCune–Reischauer	Ch‘oe U

Choe U
최우
Choe U; 최우
Military Leader of Goryeo
Imperial Guardian
	In office; 1219–1249
Monarch	Gojong of Goryeo
Preceded by	Choe Chung-heon
Succeeded by	Choe Hang
Personal details
Born	1166; Kaesong, Kingdom of Goryeo (currently Kaesong, North Korea)
Died	10 December 1249
Spouse(s)	Lady Jeong; Lady Dae
Children	Lady Choi; Choi Man-jeong; Choe Hang
Parent	Choe Chung-heon (father);

Choe U (Korean: 최우; Hanja: 崔瑀; 1166 - 10 December 1249) was the second Choe dictator of the Ubong Choe Military regime. He himself went out on the battlefield to lead in fighting off the Mongolian invasions. Then he realized that the government was no longer safe at the capital city of Kaesong, and so he forced the king and his officials to flee to Ganghwa island. He took some of his armies and went to Ganghwa island with them. He did this because he knew that the Mongols would not attempt a naval assault against Ganghwa. Therefore, the Goryeo government was kept safe for several decades even after the Choe regime.

Background

Choe U was the son of the Goryeo Dynasty military regime's founder, Choe Chung-Heon (최충헌,崔忠獻), and grandson of the Grand General Choe Won-Ho (최원호,崔元浩). Choe U's birthdate is unknown, but it is known that the Choe family lived in the capital of Kaesong at the time when Choe Chung-Heon assassinated Yi Ui-Min. Choe U was around the age of seventeen when his father assassinated the tyrant Yi in 1196 and saw how his father amassed and wielded power. Choe U was said to have been a skilled general and fighter as well as an exceptional statesman.^{[citation needed]}

Early life

He joined the Imperial army at the age of eighteen and served for about twenty years, and continued to serve while he was dictator. Not much is known about Choe U's early life.^{[citation needed]} There was the incident of succeeding his father. When the time came for Choe Chung-Heon to select a successor, he had two choices. He selected U because he was the first son, and he was the more talented and capable of the two. ^{[citation needed]} U's brother, Hyang, did not take this lightly and so the two brothers faced each other in a sword duel, and it ended in U's victory. U did not kill his brother but put his fate in his father's hands. Choe Chung-Heon announced that U would be his successor, and U became the Royal protector/prime minister, and leader of the Imperial Council.

Dictator

Choe U controlled the Goryeo government with King Gojong as his puppet. He was able to preserve the Goryeo empire by hiding the government on Ganghwa island. At the same time, Choe U did a better of appeasing the people than his father had done. He returned all of the treasures and that his father had taken and distributed it to the people. With this, the people of Goryeo became more willing to live under a dictatorship. Choe U's rule was mostly composed of Mongolian Invasions. He directly led Goryeo forces to fight off the first Mongol Invasion.

Death and succession

Choe U died suddenly of disease after the Fourth Mongol invasion of Goryeo (July 1247 – March 1248) and was succeeded by his son Choe Hang.

Family

Father: Choi Chung-heon (1149 - 29 October 1219) (최충헌)
- Grandfather: Choi Won-ho (최원호)
- Grandmother: Lady Yu (부인 유씨)
Mother: Lady Song (부인 송씨)
- Grandfather: Song Cheong (송청)
Wives and their issue(s):
- Lady, of the Hadong Jeong clan (? - 1231) (부인 하동 정씨); daughter of Jeong Suk-cheom (정숙첨).
  - Lady Choe Song-yi (최송이); married Gim Yak-seon (김약선).
    - Grandson: Gim Mi (김미)
    - Grandson: Gim Wi-hang (김위항)
    - Grandson: Gim Pil-yeong (김필영)
      - Great-granddaughter: Queen Jeongsun (정순왕후, 1222 - 29 July 1237)^[1]
  - Lady Choe (부인 최씨)
- Lady, of the Hyeopgye Dae clan (? - 1251) (부인 협계 대씨);^[2] daughter of Dae Jip-seong (대집성 , d. 1236).
  - Oh Seung-jeok (오승적) – stepson, died after killed by Choe Hang.
- Lady, of the Cheorwon Choe clan (부인 철원 최씨)
- Lady Seo Ryeon-bang (서련방) – a sex worker
  - Choe Man-jong (최만종)
  - Choe Hang (1209 – 17 May 1257) (최항)
- Lady An Sim (안심)^[3]

Notes

^ The wife of king Wonjong of Goryeo and the mother of king Chungnyeol of Goryeo.
^ A widow, her ex-husband died in the Battle of Daemon. She is later poisoned by Choe Hang.
^ Later married to military dictator Kim Jun.

Preceded by Choe Chung-Heon	Military Leader of Goryeo 1219–1249	Succeeded by Choe Hang

Preceded by Choe Chung-Heon	Leader of Ubong Choe Military regime (House of Choe) 1219–1249	Succeeded by Choe Hang

[1] The wife of king Wonjong of Goryeo and the mother of king Chungnyeol of Goryeo.

[2] A widow, her ex-husband died in the Battle of Daemon. She is later poisoned by Choe Hang.

[3] Later married to military dictator Kim Jun.

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