Wisdom Tree
 | |
| Formerly | Color Dreams (1988–1991) |
|---|---|
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 1988 |
| Founder | Dan Lawton |
| Headquarters | U.S. |
Key people | Brenda Huff |
Wisdom Tree, Inc. is an American developer of Christian video games. It was founded in 1988 as Color Dreams, one of the first companies to work around Nintendo's 10NES lockout chip technology for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The company changed its focus to Christian games in 1990, changing its name to Wisdom Tree in 1991.
History
Color Dreams was based in Brea, California, and was started by Daniel Lawton, a self-educated computer programmer and vocal opponent of Nintendo's licensing policy.[1] Founded in 1988, Color Dreams was one of the largest producers of unlicensed games for the NES, but, due to pressure from Nintendo, it faced many difficulties getting retailers to stock its games.[2][3] Although Color Dreams violated no laws in opting out of the Nintendo licensing system with its workaround of Nintendo's 10NES lockout chip,[4] Nintendo was displeased that it was receiving no revenues from Color Dreams games, and wanted to prevent other companies from following. Nintendo threatened to cease selling games to retailers that sold unlicensed NES games.[5]
Because retailers could not afford to stop doing business with Nintendo, unlicensed companies were at a disadvantage. Color Dreams had great difficulty accessing the retail market, and worked outside of mainstream NES distribution channels. Also, many of its games were reported to have problems getting to run properly, occasionally even requiring instructions on the cartridge, and were criticized for their lack of quality and gameplay.[2][3] The problems with running Color Dreams games stemmed from physical changes in later models of the NES; long time Color Dreams employee Vance Kozik (best known as the programmer of Menace Beach) recalled having customers who called Color Dreams read off the serial number of their NES unit so that they could send them a compatible cartridge.[1] The quality issues with the games were in part due to the reverse engineering required to develop unlicensed NES games, which effectively forced the company's programmers to work within stricter technical limitations than licensed NES developers had, such as fewer sprites displayed on-screen.[1]
In 1990, Color Dreams began to consider producing games with biblical themes. At the time, there were few religious video games for console systems. Officials at Color Dreams saw a market for them and that many stores that would be most interested in retailing Christian games. Christian bookstores were likely not to sell video games at all, and thus not vulnerable to pressure from Nintendo.[6][3] Christian bookstores sold much more than books, like religious movies, Contemporary Christian music, and other goods, but not video games. To convince these stores to sell religious games, Color Dreams changed its name to Wisdom Tree and promoted this new genre of video games.[3] Wisdom Tree sent Christian bookstores 3-foot Bible Adventures displays, and VHS cassettes showing gameplay. These promotional videos made the case to Christian bookstores using lines like: "This game promotes Bible literacy and teaches children about the Bible while they play a 'fun and exciting' Super Mario Bros. style video game." Ultimately, these efforts proved successful, and Color Dreams gained a new distribution channel for its games, and launched a new genre of video games, without direct competition.[7][8] Kozik later commented, "No one knew it was going to take off, but it took off like crazy."[1]
Nintendo never threatened any legal action against Wisdom Tree, and probably feared a public relations backlash from parents and religious groups.[2][9]
Color Dreams also published games with the Bunch Games label, and in 1996 its StarDot Technologies division started selling digital security cameras.[1]
Games
Wisdom Tree's games have a Christian theme, and were often sold in Christian bookstores. Most games tell Bible stories to be interesting to children of the video game era. Many of its games are partial conversion themed re-releases of Color Dreams games.[1] A Wisdom Tree product catalog shows Joshua & the Battle of Jericho as a side-scrolling game using the Bible Adventures engine. The actual released game has the engine of Crystal Mines and Exodus.[7]
The company's first release as Wisdom Tree is Bible Adventures, a three-in-one multicart with many gameplay elements from the American Super Mario Bros. 2, applied to three different Bible stories: Noah collecting animals for the Ark, saving Baby Moses from the Pharaoh's men, and re-enacting the story of David and Goliath. The company sold 350,000 copies, encouraging this path.
Other Wisdom Tree games include Exodus (a conversion of Color Dreams's Crystal Mines game, with the story of the Israelites' 40-year desert trek), King of Kings (similar to Bible Adventures, but featuring three events in the early life of Jesus Christ) and Bible Buffet (a "video board game" with Bible quizzes). Spiritual Warfare is an action-adventure game similar in style to The Legend of Zelda, with the requisite religious theme where the player, as a foot soldier in the Lord's army, is tasked with saving the souls of the heathen populace, using fruit of the spirit. The company released ports of some of these games to the Sega Genesis and Game Boy, and Bible-reading programs (both King James and NIV versions) for Game Boy. Sunday Funday is a 1995 conversion of the Color Dreams game Menace Beach,[6] and is the last commercial NES release in the United States.[2]
Wisdom Tree made the only unlicensed commercially released game for the American Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Super 3D Noah's Ark. This conversion of the Wolfenstein 3D engine features the player as Noah, quelling upset animals on the Ark by flinging sleep-inducing fruit at them.[10] As the only American SNES cartridge to not use the standard Nintendo-manufactured shell, its shape resembles the SNES Game Genie or Sonic & Knuckles on the Genesis, with a pass-through cartridge port at the top; the game requires a Nintendo-licensed cartridge plugged into this pass-through, bypassing the SNES's lockout protection.[1] A PC port was released on Steam in 2015, with retouched features such as support for widescreen resolutions and achievements.[11]
King of Kings was listed as the honorable mention in Gamespy.com's "Seven Christmas Games That Make You Hate Christmas", due to its unentertaining gameplay and the farcical feel of dodging "acid-spitting camels".[12]
Color Dreams pamphlets tout a lineup of Genesis games, all of them ports of Amiga games, but were all canceled.[1] Other unfinished Color Dreams games include a PC game called Hellraiser. Another Wolfenstein 3D engine game, it was canceled upon the release of Doom because Color Dreams decided it could not compete. Maggots for NES has the player character trapped inside a human corpse and must escape while avoiding the maggots which infest it.[1]
| Title | Year | Platforms | Developer | Publisher | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bible Adventures | 1991 | NES, Genesis | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Exodus | 1991 | NES, Game Boy, Genesis, MS-DOS | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| King of Kings: The Early Years | 1991 | NES | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Joshua & the Battle of Jericho | 1992 | NES, Game Boy, Genesis, MS-DOS | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Spiritual Warfare | 1992 | NES, Game Boy, Genesis, MS-DOS | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Bible Buffet | 1993 | NES | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| King James Bible | 1993 | Game Boy | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Super 3D Noah's Ark | 1994 | SNES, MS-DOS | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Sunday Funday | 1995 | NES | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| NIV Bible & the 20 Lost Levels of Joshua | 1996 | Game Boy | Wisdom Tree | Wisdom Tree | |
| Heaven Bound | 2003 | PC | Wisdom Tree | Emerald Studios | |
| Jesus in Space | 2007 | PC | Sunday Software | Wisdom Tree |
Ongoing activities
Wisdom Tree mainly licenses its games. The company released an all-in-one "TV controller" system featuring seven of its NES games in a single, self-contained unit. Its website also has games by other developers. Heaven Bound is one example of a more modern 3D game for the PC. These games are produced on 3D Game Studio (such as Joseph and Galilee Flyer by Sunday Software), using the default models that come with the program.
In 2010, all Wisdom Tree NES games were on the official Wisdom Tree website via a Java-based NES emulator.
In 2013, retro game publisher Piko Interactive licensed cartridge reprints of Wisdom Tree games, starting with Super 3D Noah's Ark.
In 2014, retro gaming website Stone Age Gamer began selling licensed T-shirts based on numerous Wisdom Tree properties including: Bible Buffet, Sunday Funday, Super 3D Noah's Ark, and Exodus.[13]
In 2015, a Windows remake of Super 3D Noah's Ark was released on Steam through the Steam Greenlight service.[11]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "What Ever Happened to: Color Dreams". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 101. Ziff Davis. December 1997. p. 34.
- ^ a b c d "About Color Dreams/Wisdom Tree". AtariHQ. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Bogost, Ian (July 1, 2007). Persuasive games: the expressive power of videogames. MIT Press. pp. 287–288. ISBN 9780262026147. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
- ^ Maiberg, Emanuel (October 9, 2014). "These Evangelical Twins Want to Make a Bible Video Game That Doesn't Suck". Vice. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ "Sunday Funday: The Ride". Infinite NES Lives. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ a b Halter, Ed (December 14, 2006). "Play to Pray from 1UP.com". 1UP.com. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ a b Murphy, Rosstin (June 6, 2013). "Gamasutra: Rosstin Murphy's Blog - Wisdom Tree: Lazy, Uninspired Corporate Strategy at Its Finest". Gamasutra. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ Mixon, Bernie (February 26, 1995). "Religious Figures Do Battle in Video Game World". Daily News (Los Angeles, CA). Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
- ^ Kent, Steven L. (2001) [2001]. The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World (First ed.). Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p. 400. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4.
Wisdom Tree presented Nintendo with a prickly situation. The general public did not seem to pay close attention to the court battle with Atari Games, and industry analysts were impressed with Nintendo's legal acumen; but going after a tiny company that published innocuous religious games was another story.
- ^ Matulef, Jeffrey (January 14, 2014). "Unlicensed SNES game Super 3D Noah's Ark to be reprinted". Eurogamer. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ a b "Super 3-D Noah's Ark on Steam". Retrieved June 26, 2015.
- ^ "Seven Christmas Games That Make You Hate Christmas - Page 2". GameSpy. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ McFerran, Damien (August 4, 2014). "These Official Wisdom Tree T-Shirts Are So Bad, They're Great". Nintendo Life. Retrieved February 28, 2015.