Pitt Lake
| Pitt Lake | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | British Columbia |
| Coordinates | 49°25′N 122°33′W / 49.417°N 122.550°W[1] |
| Type | Fjord lake |
| Primary inflows | Pitt River |
| Primary outflows | Pitt River |
| Basin countries | Canada |
| Max. length | 24 km (15 mi) |
| Max. width | 4.5 km (2.8 mi) |
| Surface area | 53.5 km2 (20.7 sq mi) |
| Surface elevation | 3 m (9.8 ft)[2] |
| Islands | Goose, Little Goose, Gosling |
| References | [1] |
Pitt Lake is the second-largest lake in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. About 53.5 square kilometres in area, it is about 25 km long and about 4.5 km wide at its widest. It is one of the world's relatively few tidal lakes, and among the largest. In Pitt Lake, there is on average a three foot tide range; thus Pitt Lake is separated from sea level and tidal waters during most hours of each day during the 15 foot tide cycle of the Pitt River and Strait of Georgia estuary immediately downstream.[3] The lake's southern tip is 20 km upstream from The Pitt River confluence with the Fraser River and is 40 km east of Downtown Vancouver.
The community of Pitt Meadows occupies the marshy lowland at the southern end of the lake, some of which has become drained and is known as the Pitt Polder. Just southwest of the lake is the community of Port Coquitlam, which is across the Pitt River from Pitt Meadows. At the north end of the lake is a locality named Alvin, which is a transport and shipping point for logging companies and their employees. The Upper Pitt, meaning the valley upstream from the lake, is considered one of BC's best fly-fishing rivers and one of its best steelhead streams.
The lake is popular with boaters and canoeists, but is prone to heavy winds and rains as well as big waves (due to its great depth). There is a destination golfing resort in the Pitt Polder area called Swan-e-set. Also at the south end of Pitt Lake, adjacent to the Polder, is Pitt Lake Indian Reserve 5.[4]
Geography
Pitt Lake is in a typical U-shaped glacial valley in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. The overdeepening of the lower end of the valley over the span of the Wisconsin glaciation created a trough over 140 m below current sea level. After initial glacial retreat at around 13,000 years ago a saltwater fjord occupied this basin when relative sea levels were still ca 120 to 140m above current levels in the region. Unlike neighbouring Indian Arm and Howe Sound farther west, this fjord basin became partly cut off from tidal waters by sedimentation of the lower Fraser River ca 10,500 years ago, and Pitt Lake is now considered a tidal fjord lake.
The mountain range on its east flank comprises Golden Ears Provincial Park, its basin to the north is in southern Garibaldi Provincial Park, while the mountain range on its west, northeast of Vancouver's Coquitlam Lake watershed reservoir, is Pinecone Burke Provincial Park. The waterfront and foreshore of the lake and river are public-access and include extensive migratory wildfowl habitat. Part of it is protected by BC Parks as the Pitt Polder Ecological Reserve.
The largest mainland British Columbia lake is Harrison Lake, 60 km to the east, which is the last in a series of north-south lake and river combinations that line the north bank of the Fraser River in its last stretch west through BC's Lower Mainland. Others are those of the valleys of the Coquitlam, Alouette, Stave, and Chehalis Lakes, beyond which is Harrison.
Climate
Pitt Lake has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate type Cfb). As such, it features cool, rainy winters with relatively warm and dry summers. The average annual precipitaion is 2,155.4 mm (84.86 in). Extremes vary from −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F), recorded on January 23rd, 1969 to 37.0 °C (98.6 °F), recorded on July 21st, 2006.
| Climate data for Pitt Lake (Pitt Polder) (Elevation: 5m) 1981−2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
35.5 (95.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.3 (−9.9) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−18.0 (−0.4) |
−23.3 (−9.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 298.6 (11.76) |
203.0 (7.99) |
199.4 (7.85) |
164.5 (6.48) |
135.6 (5.34) |
100.6 (3.96) |
69.1 (2.72) |
65.9 (2.59) |
98.6 (3.88) |
223.0 (8.78) |
340.2 (13.39) |
257.0 (10.12) |
2,155.4 (84.86) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 284.4 (11.20) |
194.1 (7.64) |
197.0 (7.76) |
164.5 (6.48) |
135.6 (5.34) |
100.6 (3.96) |
69.1 (2.72) |
65.9 (2.59) |
98.6 (3.88) |
222.8 (8.77) |
336.1 (13.23) |
243.6 (9.59) |
2,112.4 (83.17) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 14.2 (5.6) |
8.8 (3.5) |
2.4 (0.9) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.1) |
4.1 (1.6) |
13.3 (5.2) |
43.0 (16.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 20.2 | 15.8 | 18.9 | 17.1 | 15.5 | 14 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 17 | 20.8 | 19 | 184 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 19.3 | 15 | 18.7 | 17.1 | 15.5 | 14 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 17 | 20.7 | 17.7 | 180.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.72 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.04 | 0.83 | 3 | 8.89 |
| Source: Environment Canada (normals, 1981−2010)[5] | |||||||||||||
Folklore
The area along the east side of the lake is somewhat notorious for being the reputed location of Slumach's lost gold mine, the location of many failed and sometimes disastrous searches for the alleged murderer's lost gold mine. Local historian Bill Barlee has said "that this highly colourful and interesting tale, accepted as fact by a host of treasure seekers, probably does not exist."[6] According to Barlee by the geological information available it would appear unlikely that a gold deposit would be found in the region of Pitt Lake. Historian Garnet Basque states that geologists are convinced that the region around Pitt Lake is not gold bearing.[7] The lost mine of Pitt Lake is a story without scientific support.
References
- ^ a b "Pitt Lake". BC Geographical Names.
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ Alard Ages and Anne Woollard (1976). "The Tides in the Fraser Estuary" (PDF). Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada. pp. 7, 11. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ BCGNIS entry "Pitt Lake Indian Reserve 5"[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Pitt Polder]". Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
- ^ N.L. Barlee (1976), Historic Treasures and Lost Mines of British Columbia. Canada West Publications.
- ^ Basque Garnet (2000), Lost Bonanzas of Western Canada.