Indarctos

Indarctos; Temporal range: Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	I. atticus skull
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	Ailuropodinae
Tribe:	†Agriotheriini; Abella et al., 2012
Genus:	†Indarctos; Pilgrim, 1913
Type species
	†Indarctos salmontanus; Pilgrim, 1913
Species
	†I. punjabensis (Lydekker, 1884); †I. zdanskyi (Qiu & Tedford, 2003); †I. sinensis (Zdansky, 1924); †I. vireti (Villalta & Crusafont, 1943); †I. arctoides (Deperet, 1895); †I. anthracitis (Weithofer, 1888); †I. salmontanus (Pilgrim, 1913); †I. atticus (Weithofer, 1888); †I. bakalovi (Kovachev, 1988); †I. lagrelli (Zdansky, 1924); †I. oregonensis (Merriam et al., 1916); †I. nevadensis (Macdonald, 1959)

A baculum from Indarctos arctoides.

Indarctos is an extinct genus of bear, endemic to North America, Europe and Asia during the Miocene. It was present from ~11.1 to 5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 6.2 million years.

The oldest member is from Arizona (~11.1—7.7 Ma) and youngest is (~9.0—5.3 Ma) from Kazakhstan. In North America this animal was contemporary with Plionarctos (~10.3—3.3 Ma).

Fossil distribution

Some sites and specimen ages:

Box T Site, Lipscomb County, Texas ~9.3—9.2 Ma.
Rattlesnake site, Grant County, Oregon ~10.3—4.9 Ma.
Withlacoochee River Site 4A, Marion County, Florida (Indarctos sp.) ~10.3—4.9 Ma.
Lufeng, Yunnan, China (I. atticus) ~9—5.3 Ma.
Yulafli (CY), Thrace, Turkey (I. arctoides) ~9.7—8.7 Ma.
Batallones-3, Madrid Basin, Spain (I. arctoides) ~11.6—5.3 Ma.^[3]^[4]

References

^ Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; Tedford, R. H. (2003). "Shānxī bǎo dé yìndù xióngyīxīn zhǒng" 山西保德印度熊一新种 [A New Species of *Indarctos* from Baode, China] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 41 (4): 278–288.
^ MacDonald, J. R. (1959). "The Middle Pliocene Mammalian Fauna from Smiths Valley, Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 33 (5): 872–887. JSTOR 1300922.
^ Batallones-3 site
^ Abella J, Valenciano A, Pérez-Ramos A, Montoya P, Morales J (2013) On the Socio-Sexual Behaviour of the Extinct Ursid Indarctos arctoides: An Approach Based on Its Baculum Size and Morphology. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073711

[1] Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; Tedford, R. H. (2003). "Shānxī bǎo dé yìndù xióngyīxīn zhǒng" 山西保德印度熊一新种 [A New Species of *Indarctos* from Baode, China] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 41 (4): 278–288.

[2] MacDonald, J. R. (1959). "The Middle Pliocene Mammalian Fauna from Smiths Valley, Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 33 (5): 872–887. JSTOR 1300922.

[3] Batallones-3 site

[4] Abella J, Valenciano A, Pérez-Ramos A, Montoya P, Morales J (2013) On the Socio-Sexual Behaviour of the Extinct Ursid Indarctos arctoides: An Approach Based on Its Baculum Size and Morphology. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073711

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