Great Belt power link
| Great Belt Power Link Storebælt HVDC | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Country | Denmark |
| Province | Funen / Zealand |
| General direction | West–East |
| From | Fraugde, Funen |
| Passes through | Great Belt |
| To | Herslev, Zealand |
| Ownership information | |
| Owner | Energinet.dk |
| Construction information | |
| Installer of conductor/cable | JD-Contractor A/S |
| Cable layer | C/B Henry P. Lading |
| Manufacturer of substations | Siemens |
| Construction started | 2009 |
| Commissioned | 2010 |
| Technical information | |
| Type | Submarine power cable |
| Type of current | LCC HVDC |
| Total length | 58 km (36 mi) |
| Power rating | 600 MW |
| DC voltage | 400 kV |
The Great Belt Power Link (Storebælt HVDC) is a high voltage direct current interconnection across the Great Belt between Funen and Zealand connecting two power transmission systems in Denmark.
Background
Denmark has two separated transmission systems, of which the eastern one is synchronous with Nordic (former NORDEL) and the western one with the synchronous grid of Continental Europe. The phases of the two systems are not synchronized, and can therefore only be connected via transformers and direct current.
There had been several discussions and feasibility studies about possible interconnection between these systems. The Danish system had changed due to closure of older plants and expansion of renewable energy. The purpose of the connection is to improve utilisation of the power system, share power reserves, obtain synergies in a common regulating power market and better market performance.[1] The decision to build the Storebælt HVDC was made in December 2005 and it is based on the feasibility study carried out in 2005.[1]
Construction
The submarine power cable across the Great Belt was laid in July 2009 by a submarine contractor JD-Contractor A/S using the cable-laying barge C/B Henry P. Lading.[2] The interconnection was commissioned in July 2010 and started commercial operations in August 2010. It was inaugurated on 7 September 2010.[3]
Economy
In the first months of operation, the connection has transferred power from West to East near full capacity.[4] Energinet.dk estimates that the connection will save consumers in East Denmark between 150 and 200 million kroner per year, while West Denmark will retain normal prices due to the strong connections with Germany and Norway.[5] The Power Link has reduced the price variability in both East and West Denmark, and reduced the price in fossil fuel East Denmark.[6] The cable's effect on price change in West Denmark is disputed due to the strong connections with Germany and Norway.[7] A researcher from Aalborg University claims that the reduced price variability has reduced the incentive for Smart Grids, and proposes that the bottleneck income is diverted from investments in physical grid to Smart Grid.[6]
In 2012, Energinet concluded that a second power cable would not be feasible,[8] but if decided, it could run between Studstrup Power Station, which lies north of the city of Aarhus and the power plant at Kyndby (Danish:Kyndbyværket) in Frederikssund Municipality.[9] In 2015, Energinet started considering a second cable again, due to lower expectations for stationary power in East Denmark.[10]
Technical description
The Storebælt HVDC is a 600 MW Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC at a voltage of 400 kV. It consists of the Fraugde converter station on Funen connected to an existing 400 kV substation and the new Herslev converter station on Zealand connected to an existing 400 kV overhead line.[1] The converter stations are supplied by Siemens Power Transmission and Distribution.[11] The interconnector includes 32-kilometre (20 mi) long sea cable, 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) long land cable on Funen and 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long land cable on Zealand.[1][12]
Operator
The Storebælt HVDC is ordered and operated by the Danish transmission system operator Energinet.dk.[11]
External links
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Jens Peter Kjærgaard. "Storebaelt HVDC Project. Abstract" (PDF). International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRÉ). Retrieved 2009-02-08.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)[permanent dead link] - ^ "Connecting East and West Denmark for the first time ever" (Press release). JD-Contractor A/S. July 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-29.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The Queen plugged in the Great Belt Power Link" (Press release). Energinet.dk. 2010-09-14. Archived from the original on 2010-11-06. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
- ^ 2010 traffic data for Storebælt power Nord Pool Spot. Retrieved: 13 December 2010. HTML disguised as spreadsheet.
- ^ Frandsen, Morten. East Denmark got cheaper power DR, 18 October 2010. Accessed: 13 December 2010.
- ^ a b Blarke, Morten Boje. Consequences of Great Belt Power Link Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish) Graphs Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine page 13-14. Aalborg University, 19 november 2010. Accessed: 13 December 2010.
- ^ Kristensen, Søren Dupont. German prices rub off in West Denmark Energinet.dk, 19 november 2010. Accessed: 13 December 2010.
- ^ Kristensen, Søren Dupont. New connection not feasible Energinet.dk, 26 January 2012. Accessed: 7 May 2012.
- ^ "Nordic Grid Development Plan 2014 Archived 2015-01-04 at the Wayback Machine" page 56, Document no. 13/81818 - 5. Nordic TSOs, August 2014. Accessed: January 2015.
- ^ Wittrup, Sanne. "Energinet.dk overvejer at bygge et nyt Storebæltskabel" Ingeniøren
- ^ a b "Siemens to Supply Two HVDC Converter Stations for the Danish Storebælt Project". Transmission & Distribution World. 2007-05-24. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ^
Jens Møller Birkebæk (2009-12-01). "Great Belt - Connection. Market implications" (PDF). Energinet.dk. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
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