List of Millennium episodes
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Millennium was created by screenwriter Chris Carter (left) and starred Lance Henriksen (right).
Millennium is an American crime-thriller television series which was broadcast between 1996 and 1999. Created by Chris Carter, the series aired on Fox for three seasons with a total of sixty-seven episodes. Millennium starred Lance Henriksen, Megan Gallagher, Klea Scott, and Brittany Tiplady. Henriksen portrayed Frank Black, an offender profiler who worked for the Millennium Group, a private investigative organisation. Black retired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation to move his wife (Gallagher) and daughter (Tiplady) to Seattle, where he began to consult on criminal cases for the Group. After his wife's death, he returned to the FBI to work with new partner Emma Hollis (Scott) to discredit the Group.
Millennium's genesis stemmed from "Irresistible", a second-season episode of The X-Files penned by Carter.[1] Influence was also drawn from the works of Nostradamus, and the increasing popular interest in eschatology ahead of the coming millennium.[2] The series began airing in the Friday timeslot formerly occupied by The X-Files.[3] "Pilot", the debut episode, was heavily promoted by Fox, and brought in over a quarter of the total audience during its broadcast.[4]
The series also attracted a high degree of critical praise, earning a People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Dramatic Series" in its first year.[5] At the beginning of the second season, Carter handed over control of the series to Glen Morgan and James Wong, with whom he had previously worked on both Millennium's first season and several seasons of The X-Files.[6] Despite its promising start, however, ratings for Millennium after the pilot remained consistently low, and it was cancelled after three seasons.[7] However, an episode of The X-Files' seventh season, titled "Millennium", was written to bookend the series;[8] the episode was later included in home releases of the third season.[9]
Series overview
| Season | Episodes | Originally aired | DVD release dates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season premiere | Season finale | Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 4 | |||
| 1 | 22 | October 25, 1996[10] | May 16, 1997[11] | July 20, 2004[12] | July 12, 2004[13] | February 2, 2005[14] | |
| 2 | 23 | September 19, 1997[15] | May 15, 1998[16] | January 4, 2005[12] | September 27, 2004[17] | October 4, 2006[18] | |
| 3 | 22 | October 2, 1998[19] | May 21, 1999[20] | September 6, 2005[12] | October 25, 2004[21] | October 4, 2006[9] | |
| The X-Files – "Millennium" | 1 | November 28, 1999[22] | May 13, 2003[23] | September 22, 2003[24] | October 20, 2003[25] | ||
| The Complete Series | 67[nb 1] | — | October 28, 2008[12] | October 25, 2004[26] | June 20, 2012[27] | ||
Episodes
Season 1 (1996–97)
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod. code | US viewers (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | "Pilot" | David Nutter | Chris Carter | October 25, 1996 | 4C79 | 17.72[28] |
| 2 | 2 | "Gehenna" | David Nutter | Chris Carter | November 1, 1996 | 4C01 | 7.9[29][nb 2] |
| 3 | 3 | "Dead Letters" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | November 8, 1996 | 4C02 | 7.76[29] |
| 4 | 4 | "The Judge" | Randall Zisk | Ted Mann | November 15, 1996 | 4C04 | 7.37[29] |
| 5 | 5 | "522666" | David Nutter | Glen Morgan & James Wong | November 22, 1996 | 4C05 | 7.76[29] |
| 6 | 6 | "Kingdom Come" | Winrich Kolbe | Jorge Zamacona | November 29, 1996 | 4C03 | 7[29] |
| 7 | 7 | "Blood Relatives" | Jim Charleston | Chip Johannessen | December 6, 1996 | 4C06 | 7.3[29] |
| 8 | 8 | "The Well-Worn Lock" | Ralph Hemecker | Chris Carter | December 20, 1996 | 4C07 | 6.6[29] |
| 9 | 9 | "Wide Open" | Jim Charleston | Charles Holland | January 3, 1997 | 4C08 | 6.7[29] |
| 10 | 10 | "The Wild and the Innocent" | Thomas J. Wright | Jorge Zamacona | January 10, 1997 | 4C10 | 6.9[29] |
| 11 | 11 | "Weeds" | Michael Pattinson | Frank Spotnitz | January 24, 1997 | 4C09 | 7.37[29] |
| 12 | 12 | "Loin Like a Hunting Flame" | David Nutter | Ted Mann | January 31, 1997 | 4C11 | 7.76[29] |
| 13 | 13 | "Force Majeure" | Winrich Kolbe | Chip Johannessen | February 7, 1997 | 4C12 | 6.9[31] |
| 14 | 14 | "The Thin White Line" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | February 14, 1997 | 4C13 | 6.6[32] |
| 15 | 15 | "Sacrament" | Michael W. Watkins | Frank Spotnitz | February 21, 1997 | 4C14 | 6.81[33] |
| 16 | 16 | "Covenant" | Roderick J. Pridy | Robert Moresco | March 21, 1997 | 4C16 | 6.7[34] |
| 17 | 17 | "Walkabout" | Cliff Bole | Chip Johannessen & Tim Tankosic | March 28, 1997 | 4C15 | 6.1[35] |
| 18 | 18 | "Lamentation" | Winrich Kolbe | Chris Carter | April 18, 1997 | 4C17 | 6.7[36] |
| 19 | 19 | "Powers, Principalities, Thrones and Dominions" | Thomas J. Wright | Ted Mann & Harold Rosenthal | April 25, 1997 | 4C18 | 6.5[37] |
| 20 | 20 | "Broken World" | Winrich Kolbe | Robert Moresco & Patrick Harbinson | May 2, 1997 | 4C19 | 6.6[38] |
| 21 | 21 | "Maranatha" | Peter Markle | Chip Johannessen | May 9, 1997 | 4C20 | 6.5[39] |
| 22 | 22 | "Paper Dove" | Thomas J. Wright | Ted Mann & Walon Green | May 16, 1997 | 4C21 | 6.4[40] |
Season 2 (1997–98)
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod. code | US viewers (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | 1 | "The Beginning and the End" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | September 19, 1997 | 5C01 | 7.15[41][nb 3] |
| 24 | 2 | "Beware of the Dog" | Allen Coulter | Glen Morgan & James Wong | September 26, 1997 | 5C02 | 6.37[42] |
| 25 | 3 | "Sense and Antisense" | Thomas J. Wright | Chip Johannessen | October 3, 1997 | 5C03 | 6.59[43] |
| 26 | 4 | "Monster" | Perry Lang | Glen Morgan & James Wong | October 17, 1997 | 5C04 | 5.88[44] |
| 27 | 5 | "A Single Blade of Grass" | Rodman Flender | Erin Maher & Kay Reindl | October 24, 1997 | 5C05 | 6.57[45] |
| 28 | 6 | "The Curse of Frank Black" | Ralph Hemecker | Glen Morgan & James Wong | October 31, 1997 | 5C07 | 5.59[46] |
| 29 | 7 | "19:19" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | November 7, 1997 | 5C06 | 5.98[47] |
| 30 | 8 | "The Hand of St. Sebastian" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | November 14, 1997 | 5C08 | 6.57[48] |
| 31 | 9 | "Jose Chung's Doomsday Defense" | Darin Morgan | Darin Morgan | November 21, 1997 | 5C09 | 5.49[49] |
| 32 | 10 | "Midnight of the Century" | Dwight Little | Kay Reindl & Erin Maher | December 19, 1997 | 5C11 | 5.19[50] |
| 33 | 11 | "Goodbye Charlie" | Ken Fink | Richard Whitley | January 9, 1998 | 5C10 | 5.49[51] |
| 34 | 12 | "Luminary" | Thomas J. Wright | Chip Johannessen | January 23, 1998 | 5C12 | 5.59[52] |
| 35 | 13 | "The Mikado" | Roderick Pridy | Michael R. Perry | February 6, 1998 | 5C13 | 5.29[53] |
| 36 | 14 | "The Pest House" | Allen Coulter | Glen Morgan & James Wong | February 27, 1998 | 5C15 | 5.59[54] |
| 37 | 15 | "Owls" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | March 6, 1998 | 5C14 | 5.39[55] |
| 38 | 16 | "Roosters" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | March 13, 1998 | 5C16 | 5.29[56] |
| 39 | 17 | "Siren" | Allen Coulter | Glen Morgan & James Wong | March 20, 1998 | 5C17 | 5.68[57] |
| 40 | 18 | "In Arcadia Ego" | Thomas J. Wright | Chip Johannessen | April 3, 1998 | 5C18 | 5.39[58] |
| 41 | 19 | "Anamnesis" | John Peter Kousakis | Kay Reindl & Erin Maher | April 17, 1998 | 5C19 | 5.2[59] |
| 42 | 20 | "A Room with No View" | Thomas J. Wright | Ken Horton | April 24, 1998 | 5C20 | 4.7[60] |
| 43 | 21 | "Somehow, Satan Got Behind Me" | Darin Morgan | Darin Morgan | May 1, 1998 | 5C21 | 5.59[61] |
| 44 | 22 | "The Fourth Horseman" | Dwight Little | Glen Morgan & James Wong | May 8, 1998 | 5C22 | 4.61[62] |
| 45 | 23 | "The Time Is Now" | Thomas J. Wright | Glen Morgan & James Wong | May 15, 1998 | 5C23 | 4.8[63] |
Season 3 (1998–99)
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod. code | US viewers (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46 | 1 | "The Innocents" | Thomas J. Wright | Michael Duggan | October 2, 1998 | 3ABC01 | 5.17[64][nb 4] |
| 47 | 2 | "Exegesis" | Ralph Hemecker | Chip Johannessen | October 9, 1998 | 3ABC02 | 4.47[65] |
| 48 | 3 | "TEOTWAWKI" | Thomas J. Wright | Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz | October 16, 1998 | 3ABC03 | 4.77[66] |
| 49 | 4 | "Closure" | Daniel Sackheim | Larry Andries | October 23, 1998 | 3ABC04 | 5.07[66] |
| 50 | 5 | "...Thirteen Years Later" | Thomas J. Wright | Michael R. Perry | October 30, 1998 | 3ABC05 | 5.37[67] |
| 51 | 6 | "Skull and Bones" | Paul Shapiro | Chip Johannessen & Ken Horton | November 6, 1998 | 3ABC06 | 5.07[68] |
| 52 | 7 | "Through a Glass Darkly" | Thomas J. Wright | Patrick Harbinson | November 13, 1998 | 3ABC07 | 5.07[67] |
| 53 | 8 | "Human Essence" | Thomas J. Wright | Michael Duggan | December 11, 1998 | 3ABC09 | 4.37[67] |
| 54 | 9 | "Omertà" | Paul Shapiro | Michael R. Perry | December 18, 1998 | 3ABC08 | 4.77[69] |
| 55 | 10 | "Borrowed Time" | Dwight Little | Chip Johannessen | January 15, 1999 | 3ABC10 | 5.27[69] |
| 56 | 11 | "Collateral Damage" | Thomas J. Wright | Michael R. Perry | January 22, 1999 | 3ABC11 | 5.77[69] |
| 57 | 12 | "The Sound of Snow" | Paul Shapiro | Patrick Harbinson | February 5, 1999 | 3ABC12 | 4.67[69] |
| 58 | 13 | "Antipas" | Thomas J. Wright | Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz | February 12, 1999 | 3ABC13 | 4.57[70] |
| 59 | 14 | "Matryoshka" | Arthur Forney | Erin Maher & Kay Reindl | February 19, 1999 | 3ABC14 | 4.57[70] |
| 60 | 15 | "Forcing the End" | Thomas J. Wright | Marjorie David | March 19, 1999 | 3ABC15 | 4.08[70] |
| 61 | 16 | "Saturn Dreaming of Mercury" | Paul Shapiro | Chip Johannessen & Jordan Hawley | April 9, 1999 | 3ABC16 | 4.17[70] |
| 62 | 17 | "Darwin's Eye" | Ken Fink | Patrick Harbinson | April 16, 1999 | 3ABC18 | 3.68[71] |
| 63 | 18 | "Bardo Thodol" | Thomas J. Wright | Chip Johannessen & Virginia Stock | April 23, 1999 | 3ABC17 | 3.78[71] |
| 64 | 19 | "Seven and One" | Peter Markle | Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz | April 30, 1999 | 3ABC19 | 3.68[71] |
| 65 | 20 | "Nostalgia" | Thomas J. Wright | Michael R. Perry | May 7, 1999 | 3ABC20 | 4.47[71] |
| 66 | 21 | "Via Dolorosa" | Paul Shapiro | Marjorie David & Patrick Harbinson | May 14, 1999 | 3ABC21 | 4.97[72] |
| 67 | 22 | "Goodbye to All That" | Thomas J. Wright | Ken Horton & Chip Johannessen | May 21, 1999 | 3ABC22 | 4.47[72] |
"Millennium" (The X-Files) (1999)
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | US viewers (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 143 | 4 | "Millennium" | Thomas J. Wright | Vince Gilligan & Frank Spotnitz | November 28, 1999 | 15.09[73] |
Notes
- ^ In addition to the 67 episodes of Millennium, this release also includes "Millennium", the crossover episode with The X-Files.[9]
- ^ Each ratings point represented 970,000 households during the 1996–1997 television season.[30]
- ^ Each ratings point represented 980,000 households during the 1997–1998 television season.[41]
- ^ Each ratings point represented 994,000 households during the 1998–1999 television season.[64]
Footnotes
- ^ Order in Chaos, 00:03–00:45
- ^ Order in Chaos, 00:48–01:51
- ^ Genge 1997a, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Adalian, Josef (October 11, 1998). "High-profile dramas skid on Fox, ABC". Variety Magazine. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "People's Choice Awards 1997 Nominees". Procter & Gamble. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Soloman, Harvey (September 18, 1997). "Fall Watch; 'Millennium' takes new turn". The Boston Herald. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Wen, Howard (September 9, 1999). "It's not the end of the "Millennium," after all". Salon. Salon Media Group. Archived from the original on October 22, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Shapiro 2000, pp. 44–54.
- ^ a b c "Millennium – Complete Season 3 Collection". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 105.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 122.
- ^ a b c d "Millennium on DVD, Release Info, Reviews, News". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Millennium – Season 1". Blockbuster.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Millennium – Complete Season 1 Collection". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 145.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 162.
- ^ "Millennium – Season 2". Blockbuster.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Millennium – Complete Season 2 Collection". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 188.
- ^ Shearman & Pearson 2009, p. 204.
- ^ "Millennium – Season 3". Blockbuster.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ The X-Files: The Complete Seventh Season (booklet). Kim Manners, et al. Fox.
{{cite AV media notes}}: Unknown parameter|titlelink=ignored (|title-link=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ "The X-Files – Season 7 Box Set DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "X Files, The – Season 7". Blockbuster.co.uk. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "X-Files, The – Season 7". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Millennium – Season 1 To 3". Blockbuster.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Millennium: The Complete DVD Collection". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ^ Adalian, Josef (October 11, 1998). "High-profile dramas skid on Fox, ABC". Variety Magazine. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Genge 1997a, p. xviii.
- ^ Meisler, p. 298
- ^ Bauder, David (February 13, 1997). "Sunday Night Gives CBS a Boost". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Moore, Frazier (February 21, 1997). "NBC's Thursday Night All-Stars, 'Asteroid' Team up for Big Win". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Moore, Frazier (February 28, 1997). "NBC Boasts Top 7 Shows in Weekly Ratings Battle". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "'Seinfeld,' Friends Push NBC into Lead". Rocky Mountain News. March 27, 1997. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "Oscar-Show Ratings Disappoint but Keep ABC on Top". Rocky Mountain News. April 4, 1997. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, David (April 24, 1997). "NBC Leads Week of Reruns". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (May 1, 1997). "NBC Sustains Grip of Nielsens". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "How They Rate". St. Petersburg Times. May 9, 1997. Retrieved May 11, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "Weekly Nielsen Ratings". The Stuart Times. May 11, 1997. Retrieved May 9, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "CBS, NBC in Ratings Tie". Rocky Mountain News. May 22, 1997. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Bauder, Dave (September 25, 1997). "NBC Holds off Charge By CBS". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (October 2, 1997). "'ER'. 'Seineld' Help NBC Remain on Top". Rocky Mountain News. Denver Newspaper Agency. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "Nielsen: Big Three nets each say goodbye to 1 million viewers". San Francisco Chronicle. October 8, 1997. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ^ "Game 2 of Series Slides into Top 10". Rocky Mountain News. Associated Press. October 23, 1997. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (October 31, 1997). "Strong Series Finish Boosts NBC". Rocky Mountain News. E. W. Scripps Company. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "'Cinderella' sizzles on ABC". San Francisco Chronicle. November 5, 1997. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ^ Bauder, Dave (November 13, 1997). "'Angel' Helps CBS Tie in Ratings Race". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (November 20, 1997). "CBS Squeals Past NBC". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ ""Mafia" shoves CBS into top spot". San Francisco Chronicle. November 26, 1997. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Easy win for NBC". San Francisco Chronicle. December 24, 1997. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "NBC returns to head of the pack". San Francisco Chronicle. January 14, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "NBC enjoys a super Sunday in ratings". San Francisco Chronicle. January 28, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ Bauder, Dave (February 13, 1998). "Olympics are Gold for CBS". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (March 6, 1998). "CBS' Grammys Show Gives NBC a Good Run". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (March 12, 1998). "WB Beats Its Own Record". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ McLean et al. 2012, p. 486.
- ^ ""Seinfeld" double-dose boosts NBC to top". San Francisco Chronicle. March 25, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "CBS on top with NCAA". San Francisco Chronicle. April 8, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Prime time Nielsen ratings". Associated Press. April 22, 1998. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ "Prime time Nielsen ratings". Associated Press. April 29, 1998. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ Bauder, Dave (May 9, 1998). "NBC Pulls a Top-7 'Sweeps' Sweep". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2012. (subscription required)
- ^ ""Seinfeld" sets ratings record". San Francisco Chronicle. May 13, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Prime-rime Nielsen ratings". Associated Press. May 19, 1998. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- ^ a b "Two weeks, two victories for CBS". San Francisco Chronicle. October 7, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Baseball battle is great new for NBC". San Francisco Chronicle. October 14, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ a b McLean et al. 2012, p. 489.
- ^ a b c McLean et al. 2012, p. 490.
- ^ "Ratings: NBC squeaks ahead of CBS". San Francisco Chronicle. November 11, 1998. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d McLean et al. 2012, p. 491.
- ^ a b c d McLean et al. 2012, p. 492.
- ^ a b c d McLean et al. 2012, p. 493.
- ^ a b McLean et al. 2012, p. 494.
- ^ Shapiro 2000, p. 281.
References
- Chris Carter, Ken Horton, Frank Spotnitz, Lance Henriksen, Megan Gallagher, David Nutter, Mark Snow, John Peter Kousakis, Mark Freeborn, Robert McLachlan, Chip Johannessen and Thomas J. Wright (2004). Order in Chaos: Making Millennium Season One (DVD). Millennium: The Complete First Season: Fox Home Entertainment.
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - Genge, N. E. (1997a). Millennium: The Unofficial Companion. Century. ISBN 0-7126-7833-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Shapiro, Marc (2000). All Things: The Official Guide to the X-Files Volume 6. Harper Prism. ISBN 0-06-107611-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Shearman, Robert; Pearson, Lars (2009). Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen. Mad Norwegian Press. ISBN 097594469X.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McLean, James; Henriksen, Lance; Spotnitz, Frank; Carter, Chris (2012). Chamberlain, Adam; Dixon, Brian A. (eds.). Back to Frank Black. Fourth Horseman Press. ISBN 0988392291.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
- TvTome
- EpGuides
- Millennium-This Is Who We Are M-TIWWA Episode and Credits Guide
- The Millennial Abyss Episode Guide
