Ixodes

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Ixodes
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Ixodes ricinus, engorged
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Ixodida
Family: Ixodidae
Genus: Ixodes
Latreille, 1795 [1]
Type species
Acarus ricinus

Ixodes is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably Ixodes holocyclus) inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi[3] responsible for causing Lyme disease. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by Ixodes are parasites from the genus Babesia, which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus Anaplasma, which cause anaplasmosis.

Species

These species are recognised within the genus Ixodes:[4]

Ixodes hexagonus
Ixodes pacificus
Ixodes ricinus
Ixodes scapularis
Ixodes uriae

References

  1. ^ Valeria Castilho Onofrio; Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti; Marcelo Bahia Labruna; João Luiz Horácio Faccini (2009). "Diagnoses of and illustrated key to the species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil". Systematic Parasitology. 72 (2): 143–157. doi:10.1007/s11230-008-9169-z. PMID 19115087.
  2. ^ Deane Philip Furman; Edmond C. Loomis (1984). "Genus Ixodes Latreille". The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey. Vol. 25. University of California Press. pp. 47–77. ISBN 978-0-520-09685-1.
  3. ^ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-7817-8215-9.
  4. ^ Jim Amrine. "Ixodidae C.L.Koch, 1844". Catalog of the Acari. Texas A&M University. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d e Dmitry Apanaskevich and John J. Schenk. 2020. Description of five new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. luxuriosus Schulze, 1935, I. steini Schulze, 1935 and I. zaglossi Kohls, 1960, parasites of marsupials, rodents and echidnas in New Guinea Island. Systematic Parasitology 97(3), April 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09909-5.
  6. ^ Kohls, GM (April 1966). "A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae)". J. Med. Entomol. 3 (1): 38–40. doi:10.1093/jmedent/3.1.38. ISSN 0022-2585. PMID 5941563.
  7. ^ Dayana Barker. 2019. Ixodes barkeri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a revised key to the male Ixodes of Australia, and list of the subgenera and species of Ixodes known to occur in Australia. Zootaxa. 2019 Aug 22;4658(2):zootaxa.4658.2.7. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.7.
  8. ^ Contini, C.; Palmas, C.; Seu, V.; Stancampiano, L.; Usai, F. (2011). "Redescription of the male of Ixodes festai Rondelli, 1926 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) on specimens from Sardinia (Italy)". Parasite. 18 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1051/parasite/2011183235. ISSN 1252-607X. PMC 3671470. PMID 21894264. Open access icon
  9. ^ Dmitry Apanaskevich and Howard E. Lemon. 2018. Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. priscicollaris Schulze, 1932, parasites of New Guinea rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Systematic Parasitology, 95(4):373-382. DOI: 10.1007/s11230-018-9786-0; "Ixodes goliath n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), is described based on females collected from the eastern hyomys, Hyomys goliath (Milne-Edwards) (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua New Guinea."
  10. ^ Kwak ML, Madden C, and Wicker L. 2018. Ixodes heathi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a co-endangered tick from the critically endangered mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus), with notes on its biology and conservation. Exp Appl Acarol 2018 Nov;76(3):413-419. PMID: 30302626. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0312-5. Epub 2018 Oct 9: "A new species of co-endangered tick, Ixodes heathi n. sp., is described from specimens of the nymph collected on the critically endangered mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus Broom) from the alpine region of Victoria, Australia. Its biology is discussed along with strategies for its conservation."
  11. ^ Apanaskevich, D. A.; Soarimalala, V.; Goodman, S. M. (2013). "A New Ixodes Species (Acari: Ixodidae), Parasite of Shrew Tenrecs (Afrosoricida: Tenrecidae) in Madagascar". Journal of Parasitology. 99 (6): 970–972. doi:10.1645/13-306.1. PMC 4833386. PMID 23901784.
  12. ^ Shigeo Kitaoka and Hiroshi Suzuki. 1983. Studies on the Parasite Fauna of Thailand: 5. Parasitic ticks on mammals and description of Ixodes siamensis sp. n. and Rhipicephalus tetracornus sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae)]. Tropical Medicine 25(4):205-219; http://hdl.handle.net/10069/4366, last accessed 25 Dec 2018. "Ixodes siamensis sp. n. is the second species of the subgenus Paltipalpiger."
  13. ^ Guglielmone AA, Robbins RG, Apanaskevich DA, Petney TN, Estrada-Peña A, Horak IG. 2009. Comments on controversial tick (Acari: Ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008. Experimental and Applied Acarology 48(4):311-327. doi: 10.1007/s10493-009-9246-2. Epub 2009 Jan 24, last accessed 25 Dec 2018: "We consider the following 40 names valid…Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983."

External links

  • Media related to Ixodes at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Ixodes at Wikispecies
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