Franz Stampfl
Franz Ferdinand Leopold Stampfl MBE (born Vienna 18 November 1913 – died 19 March 1995 Melbourne) was one of the world's leading athletics coaches in the twentieth century. He pioneered a scientific system of Interval Training which became very popular with sprint and middle distance athletes.
Early life
Stampfl was born in the capital of then Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father, Josef Stampfl ran a small company manufacturing surgical instruments.[1] His mother was Russian Princess Caroline Yusupov. He studied writing and painting in school. After high school, he attended the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule and had some success as a skier and javelin thrower.
In 1937 sensing the rise of Adolf Hitler and having been banned after refusing to obey instructions from Austrian Olympic officials, he left Austria for England to study at the Chelsea School of Art. When Hitler marched into Austria in 1938, the British government demanded that he leave the country unless he showed a unique and necessary skill. Having taught skiing back in his homeland, Stampl pitched AAA officials to coach their athletes, earning him a job in Northern Ireland.[2] This was in part due to assistance by Olympic athlete Harold Abrahams.
Second World War: internment and shipment to Australia
During World War II Stampfl taught physical education at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Barnet (then holders of the Public Schools Challenge Cup for athletics) from February to June 1940, when he was suddenly interned as an enemy alien.[3] He was transported to Canada and then Australia. He went on hunger strike to protest at his confinement.
Attack on the Arandora Star
Early one June morning in 1940, Stampfl was on his way to Canada on the liner ship SS Arandora Star with a host of other prisoners of war. In the middle of the North Sea, a German U-boat torpedoed the ship; and within thirty minutes amid screams of fear, the ship was flooded with water and sunk to the bottom of the Atlantic.[4] To survive, Stampfl forced a steel plate aside to get to the surface and then jumped into the freezing cold, oil-slicked sea. For eight hours he swam, warding off shock from the cold and struggling to keep his head above the water, before a rescue boat sighted him.
The Headmaster of Queen Elizabeth's, Ernest Jenkins, later observed that, under the relevant order, even friendly Germans and Austrians were arrested. He gave the date of Stampfl's detention as 2 July 1940, but, as this was the day that the Arandora Star was attacked, it was probably slightly earlier. The decision to arrest aliens was taken on 18 June 1940.[5] Stampfl was one of 868 survivors when the Arandora Star, carrying 1,190 deportees, was torpedoed en route to Canada.[6] Among those who lost their lives were the former Italian head chefs of London's Savoy and Ritz Hotels.[7]
Hundreds died in the disaster, but those who survived were shipped back to Britain, interned and shipped once again to Australia on the HMT Dunera. There, Stampfl was sent to an internment camp in Hay, and to ease the desperation plaguing the prisoners he organised athletics, boxing, wrestling and football matches. 'It was not just a job for me,' he said. 'It was an inner desire to survive and remain sane for myself and my friends in camp.'
Post-war
When the war ended, Stampfl married an Australian woman whom he had met in Melbourne and moved back to London. Although he suffered terribly over the previous years and had trouble sleeping under linen or far from an open window because of his long confinement, he still admired the English for their love of amateur sport, and felt their athletes could use his help. He returned to Britain in 1946 to continue athletics coaching.[8] He reconnected with amateur officials and arranged for a number of coaching posts, including part-time ones at Cambridge and Oxford Universities. Still he was not asked to aid the British Olympic team in 1952 – evidence that amateur officials never brought him fully into their fold because he was an outsider.
In 1952 the John Fisher School (Purley) won the Public Schools Challenge Cup for athletics, held at the White City Stadium. Smaller than most of the 203 top schools that entered the competition that year, John Fisher's victory caused controversy. Previously, schools entered only a limited number of individual athletes and therefore scored few points. However, thanks to the determination of Fr. McLean and the school's athletics coach, Herr Franz Stampfl, John Fisher entered a full athletics squad who outscored every school, across the full range of track and field disciplines, to win the trophy by the widest ever winning margin. There was much debate about the ethics of one school 'sweeping the board' in such a manner. In 1953 the feat was repeated, this time by an even greater winning margin – and again the opposition cried "foul". The following year the championship took place and yet again John Fisher boys out-performed the opposition. However, the organisers decided to withdraw the Challenge Cup and only reward individual performances. The school was therefore denied a hat-trick of wins. Franz Stampfl, who worked at John Fisher school as athletics coach from 1950 to 1955, emigrated to Australia, training the Australian Squad in preparation for the Melbourne Olympic Games. Of particular note is that he coached Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to break the four-minute mile in May 1954. Franz Stampfl gained a reputation as one of the world's leading athletics coaches and, under his guidance, for a few years in the early 1950s John Fisher School was to dominate schoolboy athletics.
The Four-Minute Mile
Stampfl's coaching assisted Roger Bannister to the world's first sub four-minute mile at Oxford on 6 May 1954. Chris Chataway and Chris Brasher, who played key roles in pacing Bannister to the record, were also coached by Stampfl[9] and his methods were adopted by, among others, the tennis player Ashley Cooper and the boxer Don Cockell who took Rocky Marciano to nine rounds in their heavyweight title fight in 1955.[10] A humble man, the Austrian coach had ignored the hype after Bannister's Iffley Road triumph, preferring to slip away quietly and get back to London to train other athletes. He didn't need to stand around and have his picture taken by Bannister's side nor claim that the four-minute mile had been achieved through strict adherence to his coaching. The only satisfaction Stampl got from the publicity was the knowledge that it would encourage more athletes to train with him.
Stampfl's book, Franz Stampfl on Running, first published in 1955, was a great success and rated by The Times as an "admirable and enthralling text-book on training and tactics".[11]
Australian Successes
In 1955, Stampfl was invited to Australia to become Director of Athletics at Melbourne University[10] and he settled in Melbourne until his death.[12]
At the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Stampfl coached 11 of the athletes in the Australian team.[13]
He trained many successful Australian athletes during his lifetime; most notably:
- Ralph Doubell – 1968 Olympic Gold Medal 800 metres – World Record
- Gael Martin – 1984 Olympic Bronze Medal shot put
Other Stampfl athletes included Olympic finalists Tony Sneazwell, Alan Crawley and Merv Lincoln, in addition to Commonwealth champions Peter Bourke, Sue Howland and Judy Peckham.[14]
Interval Training
Stampfl was a great proponent of the interval style of training where athletes run high-intensity distance trials followed by short recovery periods. An example could be 12 repetitions of 400 metres with a 200-metre jog between each.
Stampfl had a great rivalry with Percy Cerutty who coached the middle-distance running champion Herb Elliott. Stampfl's coaching was regarded as 'scientific' whereas Cerutty's techniques were considered more 'natural', based on 'Stotan' (a mixture of Stoic and Spartan) philosophies.[15] As such, they – and their athletes – were seen as obvious rivals.
Quadriplegia
Stampfl was involved in a car accident in 1980, his vehicle being hit while stationary at a traffic light, and was left a quadriplegic.[10] Despite this, he continued to coach.
In 1981 he was awarded an MBE for services to athletics.
Quotes
"The possibilities in racing tactics are almost unlimited, as in a game of chess,; for every move there is a counter, for every attack there is a defence… The runner's greatest asset, apart from essential fitness of body, is a cool and calculating brain allied to confidence and courage. Above all, he must have a will to win".
References
- ^ Lebensaft, Elisabeth (April 2014). "The Man behind the Four-Minute Mile: Franz Sampfl" (PDF). Dunera News. No. 90. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ Bascomb, Neal (2004), The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It. ISBN 0-618-39112-6
- ^ E. H. Jenkins (1972) Elizabethan Headmaster 1930–1961
- ^ Peter and Leni Gillman, Collar The Lot!: How Britain Interned and Expelled its Refugees (Quartet Books, 1980), The Dunera Interness
- ^ Martin Gilbert (1983) Finest Hour: Winston S. Churchill 1939–1941.
- ^ Times obituary, March 1995, which mistakenly gave the name of the ship as Andorra Star, while its rounded figures of passenger load and crew (2,400) and survivors (400) differed in some degree from others that have been published: see, for example, Gilbert (1983) Finest Hour, the source of figures given here.
- ^ Patrick Bishop (2009) Battle of Britain: A Day-by-Day Chronicle
- ^ Sports Factor – Australian Broadcasting Corporation –
- ^ Interview with Roger Bannister
- ^ a b c Times obituary, March 1995
- ^ – Book description – 'Franz Stampfl on Running' Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Obituary by Chris Chataway (The Independent)
- ^ 'A Life Unexpected: The Man Behind the Miracle Mile'
- ^ Sports Australia Hall Of Fame – profile[permanent dead link]
- ^ – Australian Dictionary of Biography online – Percy Cerutty
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