Cytisus

Cytisus
	Cytisus ardoini
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Genisteae
Genus:	Cytisus; Desf.
Species
	43–235; see text.
Synonyms
	Chamaecytisus Link; Chronanthus K. Koch; Corothamnus (W. D. J. Koch) C. Presl; Cytisogenista Duhamel; Cytisus L.; Sarothamnus Wimm.; Spartocytisus Webb & Berthel.; Verzinum Raf.;

Cytisus is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to open sites (typically scrub and heathland) in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and is one of several genera in the tribe Genisteae which are commonly called brooms. They are shrubs producing masses of brightly coloured, pea-like flowers, often highly fragrant.^[2] Members of the segregate genera, Calicotome and Lembotropis are sometimes included in Cytisus.

Species

Cytisus comprises the following species:^[3]^[4]^[5]

Cytisus acutangulus Jaub. & Spach
Cytisus aeolicus Guss.
Cytisus agnipilus Velen.
Cytisus arboreus (Desf.) DC.
Cytisus ardoinii E. Fourn.
Cytisus aeolicus Guss.
Cytisus baeticus (Webb) Steud.
Cytisus balansae (Boiss.) Ball
Cytisus benehoavensis (Bolle) Svent.
Cytisus cantabricus (Willk.) Rchb. f.
Cytisus commutatus (Willk.) Briq.
Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach
Cytisus emeriflorus Rchb.
Cytisus filipes Webb
Cytisus fontanesii Ball
Cytisus galianoi Talavera & P. E. Gibbs
Cytisus glabratus Link
Cytisus grandiflorus (Brot.) DC.
Cytisus heterochrous Colmeiro
Cytisus ingramii Blakelock^[6]
Cytisus laniger (Desf.) DC.
Cytisus lasiosemius Boiss.
Cytisus maurus Humbert & Maire
Cytisus megalanthus (Pau & Font Quer) Font Quer
Cytisus moleroi Fern. Casas
Cytisus multiflorus (L'Hér.) Sweet
Cytisus orientalis Loisel.
Cytisus oromediterraneus (G. López & C.E. Jarvis) Rivas Mart. et al.
Cytisus procumbens (Willd.) Spreng.
Cytisus pseudoprocumbens Markgr.
Cytisus racemosus Hort.-Cf. Marnock^[7]
Cytisus reverchonii (Degen & Hervier) Bean
Cytisus sauzeanus Burnat & Briq.
Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
Cytisus stenopetalus Christ^[8]
Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm.
Cytisus transiens (Maire) Talavera
Cytisus triangularis (Willd.) Vis.
Cytisus tribracteolatus Webb
Cytisus valdesii (Ball) Talavera & P.E. Gibbs
Cytisus villosus Pourr.
Cytisus virescens (Kováts ex Neilr.) A. Kern.

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:^[5]

Cytisus affinis C.Presl
Cytisus affinis Boiss.
Cytisus africanus Loisel.
Cytisus ambiguus Adamović
Cytisus anagyrifolius Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Cytisus anagyrius L'Hér.
Cytisus angulatus (L.) Boiss. ex Spach
Cytisus angustifolius Moench
Cytisus antillanus DC.
Cytisus apulus Ten. & Guss. ex Nyman
Cytisus arcuatus Vuk.
Cytisus arenarius Simonk.
Cytisus argyreius Rchb.
Cytisus arvensis Vell.
Cytisus aspalathoides Spreng.
Cytisus atleyanus K.Koch
Cytisus atropurpureus Benth.
Cytisus aurantiacus Regel
Cytisus banaticus Griseb. & Schenk
Cytisus barbarus Maire
Cytisus barbatus (Jahand. & Maire) Maire
Cytisus barcinonensis Sennen
Cytisus bartolottae Tod.
Cytisus bisflorens Host
Cytisus boissieri Briq.
Cytisus bosnaicus Beck
Cytisus bosniacus Beck
Cytisus brasiliensis Vell.
Cytisus bucovinensis Simonk.
Cytisus cajanus Sessé & Moc.
Cytisus candidus C.Presl
Cytisus canescens Loisel.
Cytisus canescens J.Presl & C.Presl
Cytisus cantabrieus Bubani
Cytisus capensis P.J.Bergius
Cytisus capensis Lam.
Cytisus carlieri Hort. ex Handl.
Cytisus carneus Hoffmanns.
Cytisus catalaunicus (Webb) Briq.
Cytisus cayan L. ex Mill.
Cytisus chamaecytisus Vuk.
Cytisus chrysobotrys Boiss.
Cytisus chrysotrichus Fisch.
Cytisus cincinnatus Ball
Cytisus cinereus Host
Cytisus cinereus Vuk.
Cytisus collinus Schur
Cytisus complicatus Raeusch.
Cytisus complicatus (L.) Brot.
Cytisus confertus Schur
Cytisus corniculatus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.
Cytisus coronensis Schur
Cytisus czerniaevii V.I. Krecz.
Cytisus dalmaticus Vuk.
Cytisus decaphyllus Noronha
Cytisus divaricatus L'Hér.
Cytisus dorycnium Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Cytisus ferox Hoffmanns.
Cytisus filiformis Spreng.
Cytisus foliosus L'Hér.
Cytisus frivalszkyanus Briq.
Cytisus frutescens Vuk.
Cytisus ganipilus Velen. ex Nadji
Cytisus genistoides Regel
Cytisus georgievi Davidov
Cytisus graecus L.
Cytisus haensleri Ball
Cytisus haplophyllus Sennen
Cytisus haynaldi Simonk.
Cytisus haynaldi Briq.
Cytisus heterocanthus Vuk.
Cytisus heterophyllus Lapeyr.
Cytisus hirtellus Rchb. ex Nyman
Cytisus hirtus Burm.f.
Cytisus hispanicus Lam.
Cytisus horniflorus Borbás
Cytisus hosmariensis Ball
Cytisus humifusus Nyman
Cytisus humifusus Vest
Cytisus ifnianus Font Quer
Cytisus incanus Regel
Cytisus incarnatus K.Koch
Cytisus infestus Guss.
Cytisus insubricus Wettst. ex Briq.
Cytisus insularis S.Ortiz & Pulgar
Cytisus jacquinianus Wettst.
Cytisus junceus (L.) Vuk.
Cytisus kerneri Mugg.Kan & Knapp
Cytisus kerneri Blocki
Cytisus kewensis Bean
Cytisus kitaibelii Vis.
Cytisus kosmariensis Ball ex Koehne
Cytisus lamarckii Ten.
Cytisus lanceolatus Benth.
Cytisus lanuginosus Royle
Cytisus leiotrichus Borbás
Cytisus linkii Janka
Cytisus linneanus Wettst.
Cytisus lobelii Tausch
Cytisus longissimus Hoffmanns.
Cytisus lotoides Pourr.
Cytisus lotoides Willd.
Cytisus lupinus Gromov ex Trautv.
Cytisus macrospermus Besser ex DC.
Cytisus malyei Steud.
Cytisus marilauni Borbás
Cytisus medicaginifolius Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Cytisus medicaginoides Hort. ex Handl.
Cytisus microphyllus (DC.) Link
Cytisus microphyllus Boiss.
Cytisus milleri Steud.
Cytisus monopestulanus Briq.
Cytisus mutabilis Loscos
Cytisus neapolitanus Cohen-Stuart
Cytisus noeanus Rchb. ex Briq.
Cytisus obscurus Schur
Cytisus obvallatus Schur
Cytisus onustus Tausch
Cytisus ovatus Vuk.
Cytisus oxalidifolius C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.
Cytisus paniculatus Loisel.
Cytisus pannonicus Simonk.
Cytisus parviflorus Boiss.
Cytisus parviflorus Benth.
Cytisus parvifolius Lam.
Cytisus penduliflorus Stokes
Cytisus pendulus Salisb.
Cytisus pentaphyllus Salzm. ex Walp.
Cytisus peregrinus Hoffmanns.
Cytisus philippensis Lindl.
Cytisus philippi Lindl.
Cytisus philippinensis Lindl.
Cytisus pilosus Pall.
Cytisus pilosus Vuk.
Cytisus plumosus Spach ex Nyman
Cytisus polycephalus Tausch
Cytisus polymorphus Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Cytisus ponticus Willd.
Cytisus ponticus Griseb.
Cytisus preslii Nyman
Cytisus procerus Link
Cytisus propinquus Schur
Cytisus pseudo-nigricans Schur
Cytisus pseudo-rochelii Simonk.
Cytisus pseudo-umbellatus Font Quer
Cytisus pseudopygmaeus Davidov
Cytisus psoraloides L.
Cytisus pulchellus Vis.
Cytisus pullulans Kit.
Cytisus pungens Spreng.
Cytisus quinquefolius hort. ex Lavallée
Cytisus repens Wolfner
Cytisus rhodopeus J.Wagner
Cytisus rhodopnoa (Webb & Berthel.) Schouw
Cytisus rhodopus Wagn. ex Degen
Cytisus rigidus (Viv.) Cristof. & Troìa
Cytisus rudolphi Hort. ex Vilmorin's
Cytisus rufulus C.Presl
Cytisus scariosus Vuk.
Cytisus scepusiensis Kit.
Cytisus schimperianus Steud. ex Baker
Cytisus serotinus Kit. ex DC.
Cytisus sessilis Mill.
Cytisus shipkaensis Dippel
Cytisus +sordidus|Cytisus +sordidus K.Koch
Cytisus strigulosus Godr. & Gren.
Cytisus szeplighettis Koehne ex Kuntze
Cytisus teloninsis Loisel.
Cytisus teneriffae Hoffmanns.
Cytisus teneriffianus Steud.
Cytisus tetragonus Sessé & Moc.
Cytisus thessalus Heldr. & Orph. ex Nyman
Cytisus thirkeanus K.Koch
Cytisus thommasini Vis. ex Rchb.
Cytisus tournefortianus Loisel.
Cytisus tragacanthaeformis Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Cytisus trifolius Briq.
Cytisus unibracteatus Lindem.
Cytisus unilateralis Vell.
Cytisus uralensis Ledeb.
Cytisus urumoffii Davidoff ex Stoyanoff
Cytisus velutinus hort. ex Lavallée
Cytisus villarsii Vis.
Cytisus virgatus Link
Cytisus virgatus Salisb.
Cytisus virgatus Vest
Cytisus virgatus Vuk.
Cytisus virgulatus Rchb.
Cytisus viscosus Hill
Cytisus visianii H.Lindb.
Cytisus weissmanni Wettst.

Hybrids and cultivars

The following hybrids have been described:^[5]

+Laburnocytisus 'Adamii' (Poit.) C. K. Schneid. (Laburnum anagyroides + Chamaecytisus purpureus) (not a true hybrid but a graft-chimera)
Cytisus × beanii G.Nicholson (Cytisus ardoini × Cytisus purgans)
Cytisus × czerniaevii Krecz.
Cytisus × dallimorei Rolfe (Cytisus multiflorus × Cytisus scoparius)
Cytisus × praecox Beauverd (Cytisus multiflorus × Cytisus purgans)
Cytisus × syreiszczikowi V.I. Krecz.
Cytisus × vadasii J.Wagner
Cytisus × versicolor Dippel (Cytisus hirsutus × Cytisus purpureus)
Cytisus × virescens Beck
Cytisus × watereri Wettst.

AGM cultivars

Species have been widely cultivated and hybridised, and the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

Cytisus × beanii ^[9]
Cytisus × boskoopii 'Boskoop Ruby'^[10] (deep crimson flowers,^[11])
Cytisus × boskoopii 'Zeelandia'^[12] (lilac, pink and cream flowers,^[11])
Cytisus 'Burkwoodii'^[13] (cerise red or crimson red and yellow edged flowers,^[11])
Cytisus 'Hollandia'^[14] (red and pale cream flowers,^[11])
Cytisus × kewensis^[15] (Cytisus ardoinii × Cytisus multiflorus; small, prostrate shrub with cream flowers)
Cytisus 'Lena' ^[16]
Cytisus nigricans 'Cyni'^[17]
Cytisus × praecox 'Allgold'^[18] (yellow flowers)
Cytisus × praecox 'Warminster' ^[19] (pale yellow flowers)

References

^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
^ RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Cytisus". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Cytisus". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Plant List entry for Cytisus". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
^ Some sources treat Cytisus ingramii as a synonym of Cytisus commutatus.
^ Some sources treat Cytisus racemosus as a synonym of Genista stenopetala.
^ Some sources treat Cytisus stenopetalus as member of the genus Genista: Genista stenopetala.
^ "Cytisus × beanii". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × boskoopii 'Boskoop Ruby'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Andy McIndoe The Horticulture Gardener’s Guides - Shrubs (2005), p. 144, at Google Books
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cytisus × boskoopii 'Zeelandia'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus 'Burkwoodii'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus 'Hollandia'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × kewensis". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ "Cytisus 'Lena'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
^ "Cytisus nigricans 'Cyni'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus ×praecox 'Allgold". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^ "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × praecox 'Warminster". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[Cardoso1-1] Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.

[2] RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.

[3] "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Cytisus". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 17 April 2014.

[4] USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Cytisus". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2014.

[PlantList-5] "The Plant List entry for Cytisus". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.

[6] Some sources treat Cytisus ingramii as a synonym of Cytisus commutatus.

[7] Some sources treat Cytisus racemosus as a synonym of Genista stenopetala.

[8] Some sources treat Cytisus stenopetalus as member of the genus Genista: Genista stenopetala.

[9] "Cytisus × beanii". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

[10] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × boskoopii 'Boskoop Ruby'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[Andy-11] Andy McIndoe The Horticulture Gardener’s Guides - Shrubs (2005), p. 144, at Google Books

[12] "RHS Plant Selector - Cytisus × boskoopii 'Zeelandia'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[13] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus 'Burkwoodii'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[14] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus 'Hollandia'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[15] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × kewensis". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[16] "Cytisus 'Lena'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

[17] "Cytisus nigricans 'Cyni'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

[18] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus ×praecox 'Allgold". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

[19] "RHS Plant Selector—Cytisus × praecox 'Warminster". Retrieved 15 April 2020.

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