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Avola

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For other uses, see Avola (disambiguation).
Avola
Comune
Città di Avola
Panoramic view
Panoramic view
Location of Avola
Map
Avola is located in Italy
Avola
Avola
Location of Avola in Italy
Avola is located in Sicily
Avola
Avola
Avola (Sicily)
Coordinates: 36°55′N 15°08′E / 36.917°N 15.133°E / 36.917; 15.133
CountryItaly
RegionSicily
ProvinceSyracuse (SR)
FrazioniMarina di Avola, Lido di Avola, Avola Antica
Government
 • MayorLuca Cannata (Great South)
Area
[1]
 • Total74.27 km2 (28.68 sq mi)
Elevation
40 m (130 ft)
Population
 (30 November 2017)[2]
 • Total31,407
 • Density420/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
DemonymAvolesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
96012
Dialing code0931
Patron saintSanta Venera
Saint dayLast Sunday in July
Websitewww.comune.avola.sr.it[3]

Avola (Italian pronunciation: ['avɔla]; Àvula, Àula in Sicilian (if preceded by vowel becomes Raula o Raila[citation needed]); Abola in Latin) is a city and comune in the province of Syracuse, Sicily (southern Italy).[4]

History

Part of the Ancient Greek Avola Hoard on display in the British Museum.

The foundation of the city in an area previously inhabited by the Sicani and invaded by the Sicels in the 13th-12th centuries BC, is perhaps connected to the city of Hybla Major. Hybla was the name of a pre-Greek divinity, later identified with the Greek Aphrodite. The Greeks colonized there in the 8th century. An important hoard of Ancient Greek gold jewellery and over 300 coins was found in the vicinity of Avola in 1914. Estimated to date between 370 and 300 BC, the extant items of ornate jewellery are now housed in the British Museum and comprise a pair of bracelets with double snake-heads, a finger-ring and an ear-ring with the figure of Eros.[5]

When the Romans conquered Sicily in 227 BC, the city of Syracuse maintained some autonomy in the control of the area, which lasted until the Second Punic War (212 BC). Hybla disappeared in the early Middle Ages, and the territory started to be repopulated during the Islamic domination of Sicily (9th-11th centuries). However, the village near what is now Avola appeared only during the Norman or Hohenstaufen rule (12th-13th centuries).

1756 print showing the layout of Avola.

Like much of south-eastern Sicily, Avola was destroyed by an earthquake in 1693, and was refounded in a new location of the coast, under the design of friar architect Angelo Italia, having a geometrical and regular plan.

Along the main road that goes to Syracuse is situated a megalithic monument, so-called "pseudo-dolmen" because of natural origin but adapted, in the prehistory, to experimental architectural elaboration.[6]

During World War II Avola, like all of Sicily, was a hotbead of anti-Mussolini sentiment and anti-fascist sentiment more generally.[7] Because of the strongarm tactics that the Mussolini regime used to subdue Sicily, the fascist regime was very unpopular on the island, the town of Avola was no exception to this.[8] When British and American forces arrived in Sicily the Sicilians did not regard them as conquering invaders but rather greeted them as "emancipators come to lift the evil burden of fascism from their shoulders."[9][10] All across Sicily the invading forces were greeted with relief and often with unbridled enthusiasm.[11]

World War II

During World War II, Avola was the place of one of the first Allied landings during the Allied invasion of Sicily. The town, defended by Major Umberto Fontemaggi's 374th Coastal Battalion (part of the 206th Coastal Division), was attacked by three battalions of the 151st Infantry Brigade (part of the British 8th Army led by General Montgomery) and captured after several hours of fighting on 10 July 1943.[12][13] General Montgomery's plan was to send a three-brigade front between Avola and Cassibile in the Gulf of Nito. It was to be led by Miles Dempsey's British 13th Corps. The plan was that as soon as Dempsey's forces had succeeded in establishing a beachhead they were to push northwards along the coast as quickly as possible, with the goal being to link up with other British forces in the effort to capture the Sicilian coastal towns of Syracuse, Augusta, Catania and airfields around the River Simeto.[14] During the fighting in and around Avola between Montgomery's British soldiers and Mussolini's fascist soldiers there was an incident in which around seventy-five American paratroopers landed outside of the town, far away from where the British were already engaged in combat. The American GIs were over fifty miles away from their intended landing zone and decided to improvise, which in this case meant attempting to take the town by force on their own. They immediately became bogged down in a massive firefight and realized they had "bit off more than they could chew". In the course of the firefight the American GIs became pinned down in a square. At this point Major-General Sidney Kirkman's British 50th division "came to the rescue" by using a Bren carrier and blasted away the Italian forces who had pinned the Americans down. The Americans realized however that their ordeal would not be over until they could properly identify themselves so that the British wouldn't mistake them for Germans or Italians. They put their helmets on the end of sticks and waved them above the firing line while yelling that they were American. One British soldier exclaimed "What the bloody 'ell are you Yanks doing 'ere?" This incident led to the British and Americans making sure that in future operations their forces all used the same password so that they could more easily identify one another in combat.[15] When the British military's Durham Light Infantry division took over the center of the town they raised their regimental flag over Avola, as soon as the local people recognized that they were the Allies and not more Germans the local people welcomed the British and American soldiers with open arms.[16]

Modern Times

During the 'Hot Autumn' of 1969,[17] Avola was the scene of an infamous massacre, when police opened fire on demonstrating day-labourers demanding the renewal of their contract.[18] Two were killed and many wounded. This scene was depicted in the film 'Il Grande Sogno'.[19]

Cuisine

The Nero d'Avola, a typical red wine of Sicily, is named after the city of Avola, where the first grafting of the vine was made, but its grapes may grow and the wine be produced in other regions of the island too.

The denomination Avola's Almond includes three different types of almond: Pizzuta, Fascionello and Romana or Corrente d'Avola. These three kinds of almond come from Avola's area. Blooming in winter, these almonds can only grow either in sea areas or on little hills, where frost rarely happens. Since Avola belongs to one of the sunniest towns in Sicily, this makes it one of the main production areas for almond.

Pizzuta and Fascionello are mainly used in the making of "Confetti", white sugared almonds, "Granita", ice slush, almond milk and other pastries, while Romana is only used for pastries and other bakery products.

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Statistiche Istat" (in Italian). Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  4. ^ Robert Andrews, Jules Brown (2002). Sicily. Rough Guides. p. 287. ISBN 1-85828-874-6.
  5. ^ British Museum Collection
  6. ^ Salvatore Piccolo (2013), Ancient Stones: The Prehistoric Dolmens of Sicily. Abingdon: Brazen Head Publishing. ISBN 978-0956510624
  7. ^ The Christian Century, Volume 60 pg. 835
  8. ^ Sicily: An Informal History By Peter Smmartino, William Roberts pg. 111
  9. ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 433
  10. ^ Italy; an historical survey by Jack F. Bernard, published by David and Charles, 1971; pg. 476
  11. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=qYBoAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Mussolini+was+unpopular%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1OLShtDdAhUFxoMKHT9IDtYQ6wEIOzAE#v=onepage&q=the%20invading%20forces%20were%20greeted%20with%20relief%20and%20often%20with%20unbridled%20enthusiasm&f=false
  12. ^ La battaglia degli Iblei.
  13. ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 148, 245, 257, 280
  14. ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 148
  15. ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 245-246
  16. ^ Liberating Belsen: Remembering the Soldiers of the Durham Light Infantry By David Lowther pg. 37
  17. ^ "Solidarity Online | The hot autumn: How workers’ revolt shook Italy". solidarity.net.au. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  18. ^ "Enemies". Archived from the original on 2003-04-02. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
  19. ^ "Il grande sogno (2009) - IMDb". imdb.com. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
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