Parhedylidae

Parhedylidae
	live Pontohedyle milaschewitchii; ot = oral tentacles,; ey = eyes,; dg = digestive gland.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Acochlidiacea; clade Microhedylacea
Family:	Microhedylidae; Odhner, 1937
Diversity
	Microhedylidae s.s.: 3 genera, 9 species; Microhedylidae s.l. (including Ganitidae): 5 genera, 11 species;
Synonyms
	Parhedylidae Thiele, 1931; Sabulincolidae Rankin, 1979; Unelidae Rankin, 1979; Mancohedylidae Rankin, 1979; Livorniellidae Rankin, 1979; Pontohedylidae Starobogatov, 1983;

Microhedylidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea.

2005 taxonomy

Microhedylidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).^[2] Ganitidae Rankin, 1979 has been listed as a sole family within Hedylopsoidea.^[2] The type genus of Livorniellidae was Livorniella Rankin, 1979.^[2]

2010 taxonomy

Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (2010)^[1] is Microhedylidae within the clade Microhedylacea.^[1] Parhedylidae is a synonym of Microhedylidae.^[1] Microhedylidae s.l. may informally include Ganitidae, but inclusion of Ganitidae within Microhedylidae requires further research and higher statistical support.^[1]

Genera

Genera within the Microhedylidae include:

Microhedyle Hertling, 1930

Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901)^[1]
Microhedyle nahantensis (Doe, 1974)^[1]
Microhedyle odhneri (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1955)^[1]
Microhedyle remanei (Er. Marcus, 1953)^[1]

Ganitus Marcus, 1953 - with the only species Ganitus evelinae Marcus, 1953 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae^[1]
Paraganitus Challis, 1968 - with the only species Paraganitus ellynnae Challis, 1968 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae^[1]

Parhedyle Thiele, 1931

Parhedyle cryptophthalma (Westheide & Wawra, 1974)^[1]
Parhedyle tyrtowii (Kowalevsky, 1900)^[1]
Parhedyle gerlachi (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1959)^[1]

Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 28S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations within the family Microhedylidae:^[5]

Microhedylidae

Microhedyle sp. from St. Vincent

	Ganitus evelinae

	Paraganitus ellynnae

Microhedyle glandulifera

	Parhedyle tyrtowii

	Parhedyle cryptophthalma

Pontohedyle ►

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 124-154. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ Rankin J. J. (1979). "A freshwater shell-less mollusc from the Caribbean: structure, biotics, and contribution to a new understanding of the Acochlidioidea". Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions 116: 123 pp.
^ Marine Species Identification Portal : Genus Microhedyle. accessed 3 December 2010.
^ Jörger K. M., Norenburg J. L., Wilson N. G. & Schrödl M. (2012). "Barcoding against a paradox? Combined molecular species delineations reveal multiple cryptic lineages in elusive meiofaunal sea slugs". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 245. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-245.

External links

Media related to Microhedylidae at Wikimedia Commons

[Schrödl_2010-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 124-154. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x.

[Bouchet_2005-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[3] Rankin J. J. (1979). "A freshwater shell-less mollusc from the Caribbean: structure, biotics, and contribution to a new understanding of the Acochlidioidea". Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions 116: 123 pp.

[4] Marine Species Identification Portal : Genus Microhedyle. accessed 3 December 2010.

[Jörger_2012-5] Jörger K. M., Norenburg J. L., Wilson N. G. & Schrödl M. (2012). "Barcoding against a paradox? Combined molecular species delineations reveal multiple cryptic lineages in elusive meiofaunal sea slugs". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 245. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-245.

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