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Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch

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Linwood Cemetery
Linwood Cemetery with some damage visible from the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake
Map
Details
Location
Linwood, Christchurch
CountryNew Zealand
Coordinates43°31′48″S 172°40′58″E / 43.5299°S 172.6828°E / -43.5299; 172.6828
No. of interments19,948 records
Websitewww.linwoodcemetery.org.nz
Footnoteslibrarydata.christchurch.org.nz/Cemeteries/

Linwood Cemetery is a cemetery located in Linwood, Christchurch, New Zealand. It is the fifth oldest public cemetery in the city. Despite its age, it is still open for ashes interment, Hebrew Congregational burials and if there is space in existing family plots. Opened in 1884, it has seen some 20,000 burials. The first burial, of the Sexton's wife, was held in July 1884 before the cemetery was opened. For some years, a tram line stopped within the cemetery before terminating on what is now Pages Road. The tram lines going into the cemetery are still visible under the tar-sealed road leading from the Butterfield Avenue car park. A tram hearse was built at some expense for the time by the Christchurch City Council but is believed to have never been used.

The human remains from the Jewish Cemetery in Hereford Street were relocated to Linwood Cemetery after the Hebrew congregation sold the land of their earlier burial ground. A memorial to those re-interred was put in place but was badly damaged in the February 2011 earthquake.

After the removal of the Sexton's house in the 1980s, the cemetery was subject to neglect and vandalism. The Friends of the Linwood Cemetery, a charitable trust, was formed to preserve and maintain the site and promote it as a valuable heritage site for the City. The Christchurch City Council produced a Conservation Plan for the cemetery in 2006.

Linwood Cemetery is the resting place of a large number of notable residents. Those buried at Linwood Cemetery include 13 Christchurch mayors, several Members of Parliament, bishops and ministers, and the Peacock family whose philanthropy is associated with the iconic Peacock Fountain in the Botanic Gardens.

Location

Linwood Cemetery is located in Butterfield Avenue, behind Bromley Park (off Buckley's Road), Christchurch.[1] It is connected to the city centre and New Brighton by bus routes.[2] There are a number of other cemeteries in this area, including the Bromley Cemetery and Woodlawns (which includes Bromley Crematorium).[3][4] Both are often incorrectly called Linwood Cemetery because of their locations off Linwood Avenue.

History

Faintly visible tram tracks in Linwood Cemetery
The Linwood Cemetery hearse tram

Linwood Cemetery is the fifth oldest surviving cemetery in Christchurch.[5] It was opened in October 1884 as a response to concerns about the health implications of burying people in the inner city.[1][6] The area where the cemetery was built was originally lupin-covered sand dunes well outside the city and near the Corporation rubbish dump. The land came under the jurisdiction of the Linwood Town Board which did not amalgamate with the City until 1903.[6]

The first person buried in the cemetery was Sarah Freeman (Block 2 Plot 1), which is all the more significant as she was the Sexton's wife, and died in July 1884 whilst the cemetery was still being prepared.[7] The funeral on 10 July was attended by the Mayor of Christchurch, Charles Hulbert, and several councillors.[6]

After a lengthy debate, Linwood Cemetery was connected to the Christchurch tramway system. Approval for construction of the line was given in April 1885.[8] Construction began on 26 November 1885 at Latimer Square and was completed by March 1886. The line was officially opened on 23 April 1886. Initially, it was the 'end of the line' from the city centre and people had to walk across or around the cemetery to connect with the tram line to New Brighton, which was run by a different company. By January 1887, the two lines had been connected.[9] The city council had a tram hearse built for up to four coffins, with the intention of providing cheaper form of transport to the cemetery than what funeral directors would charge. The scheme was a failure and it is believed that the tram hearse was never used. In 1888, a council committee recommended that the rails into the cemetery be removed again and used elsewhere, but this was never acted on, and the rails, although sealed over, are still faintly visible. The tram hearse was bought by Samuel Paull Andrews for £3 and used as an explosives store in his St Andrew's Hill quarry.[10] It is possibly that Linwood Cemetery is the only one in the world to have had a tram line.[citation needed]

Mausoleum of John Thomas Peacock

Members of the Canterbury Hebrew Congregation had purchased land in Hereford Street (in the section between Fitzgerald Avenue and Stanmore Road) for a Jewish cemetery.[6] Between 1865 and 1890, 34 burials took place.[11] The new Linwood Cemetery had a Jewish section, and the Hereford Street cemetery fell into disuse. By 1924, it looked "unsightly" and the Jewish congregation decided to shift the human remains to the Linwood Cemetery and sell the land. A legal issue stopped a land sale from going ahead and it required the passing of the Canterbury Jewish Cemetery Empowering Act 1943 to progress the issue. The remains were re-interred at Linwood Cemetery and a memorial marks the location with the following words: "Here repose the remains of the following that were removed from the Hereford Street Jewish Cemetery"[6][12]

In 2005/06 a Conservation Plan was developed by the Christchurch City Council to evaluate the heritage value of Linwood Cemetery. As well as identifying Linwood Cemetery as of valuable heritage and green space value, the Conservation Plan describes the priorities and processes required to conserve the cemetery. The conservation plan is due to be revised in the near future.[10]

A Sexton lived in a house in Linwood Cemetery until the early 1980s.[13] From the late 1980s through to 1999, the cemetery fell into disrepair and nobody was looking after it, and vandalism was occurring. Since then, following a public meeting, a small group of local volunteers keep Linwood Cemetery tidy and promote its value as a much needed green space and heritage site.[14]

The Friends of Linwood Cemetery Charitable Trust[14] continue to research the history of Linwood Cemetery and undertake conservation work.[1] The original research was carried out by local historian Richard Greenaway and can be found in Linwood Cemetery Tour.[11]

The cemetery is almost full, with further burials possible in the children's, ashes, and Jewish sections only.[1]

The Friends of the Linwood Cemetery

The trompe l'oeil on the Peacock Mausoleum in Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch.

Following recommendations in the Conservation Plan for Linwood Cemetery, local residents who had been tidying and gardening Linwood Cemetery as a Working Group since 1999 formed a charitable trust in November 2006. The trust's vision is to "conserve and maintain the heritage of the Linwood Cemetery for future generations." The Friends of Linwood Cemetery Charitable Trust organise regular working bees at the cemetery, record the condition of graves, record information about the cemetery and those buried in it on its own website, publicise the cemetery through articles and events and raise funds for projects to help preserve valuable heritage aspects of the cemetery.[1][14] In November 2011 Dulux donated paint to the Trust to paint a trompe l'oeil of the Peacock Mausolem to cover the graffiti on a 'temporary' protective covering. The artwork was carried out by Anne Holloway, the Chair at the time. The artwork was finished in August 2012. Bob Todd the Chair of the Hagley Ferrymead Community Board unveiled the artwork in a ceremony in May 2012 before the signwriting was completed by Digby Gemmel in the following months.[citation needed]

Notable burials

Main category: Burials at Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch

Those buried at Linwood Cemetery include at least thirteen Christchurch mayors (see below), several members of parliament, bishops and ministers, and the Peacock family whose philanthropy included the iconic Peacock Fountain in the Botanical Gardens. Many original settlers from the First Four Ships are buried here. 54 Commonwealth war graves (50 from World War I and 4 from World War II)[15] and memorials to over 300 ANZACs are found at Linwood Cemetery. Linwood Cemetery is important not only for its notable person graves, but that everyone buried there is significant to the development of the Christchurch and New Zealand we know today.

Notable individuals include:

The following former Mayors of Christchurch, are buried at Linwood Cemetery:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Linwood Cemetery". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  2. ^ "Untitled". Metroinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  3. ^ "Bromley Cemetery". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  4. ^ "Ashes burial". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  5. ^ "Linwood Cemetery". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e "A Brief (but Growing) History of Linwood Cemetery". The Friends of Linwood Cemetery. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  7. ^ "Page 2 Advertisements Column 6". The Star. No. 5049. 9 July 1884. p. 2. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  8. ^ "City Council". The Star. No. 5281. 10 April 1885. p. 4. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  9. ^ Alexander, Mark (1985). Rails in the roads: the steam and horse tram era in Christchurch. On the move: Christchurch transport through the years. Vol. 3. Christchurch: Christchurch Transport Board.
  10. ^ a b Opus International Consultants Limited (October 2005). "Conservation Plan Linwood Cemetery : For Christchurch City Council" (PDF). Christchurch: Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  11. ^ a b Greenaway, Richard L. N. (June 2007). "Linwood Cemetery Tour" (PDF). Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  12. ^ "Canterbury Jewish Cemetery Empowering Act 1943". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  13. ^ "The Sexton". The Friends of Linwood Cemetery. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  14. ^ a b c "The Friends of Linwood Cemetery". The Friends of Linwood Cemetery. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  15. ^ [1] CWGC Cemetery Report
  16. ^ "Samuel and Elizabeth ANDREWS". flickr. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
  17. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  18. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  19. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  20. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  21. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  22. ^ "Edmonds cookery book". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  23. ^ "Local & General". The Star. No. 5343. 22 August 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  24. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  25. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  26. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  27. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  28. ^ "Funeral Notices". Vol. LVIII, no. 17466. 29 May 1922. p. 13. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  29. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  30. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  31. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  32. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  33. ^ "Page 2 advertisements, column 1". The Star. No. 5639. 8 June 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  34. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  35. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  36. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  37. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  38. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  39. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  40. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  41. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  42. ^ "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  43. ^ a b "Christchurch City Council Cemeteries Database". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
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