Kol ghuva

Kol ghuva; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 75 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Life restoration, depicted feeding from a termite mound
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Genus:	†Kol; Turner, Nesbitt, & Norell, 2009
Species:	†K. ghuva
Binomial name
	†Kol ghuva; Turner, Nesbitt, & Norell, 2009

Kol (from the Mongolian köl, meaning "foot") is an extinct genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. The type and only species is Kol ghuva (from the Mongolian ghuv-a, meaning "beautiful"). The type specimen was excavated from the Ukhaa Tolgod locality of the Djadochta Formation, dating to about 75 million years ago. It is believed to have been about twice the size of the contemporary Shuvuuia. However, unlike Shuvuuia, which is known from many well preserved specimens, and although Ukhaa Tolgod has been thoroughly explored, Kol is known only from one complete foot, suggesting that it must have been relatively rare in that ecosystem.^[1] ^[1]

Because of the incomplete nature of the type specimen (catalog number IGM 100/2011), the exact relationship of Kol to other alvarezsaurids has been difficult to determine. However, Kol shows an extreme arctometatarsalian condition of the foot bones, in which the middle metatarsal is severely pinched between the outer bones (usually considered an adaptation for fast running, also seen in ornithomimosaurs and tyrannosaurs). This suggests that it was more advanced than primitive alvarezsaurids which lacked this foot structure, like Alvarezsaurus and Patagonykus. It was probably more closely related to contemporary Mongolian species.^[1] It's been estimated at 1.8-2.4 meters (5.9-7.9 ft) and 20-24 kg (44-53 lbs) making it the one of the largest members of the group.^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Turner, A.H.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Norell, M.A. (2009). "A Large Alvarezsaurid from the Cretaceous of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates. 3648: 1–14. doi:10.1206/639.1. hdl:2246/5967.
^ Paul, Gregory S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 127.
^ Molina-Pérez & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Spain: Larousse. p. 269.

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[Kol-1] Turner, A.H.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Norell, M.A. (2009). "A Large Alvarezsaurid from the Cretaceous of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates. 3648: 1–14. doi:10.1206/639.1. hdl:2246/5967.

[2] Paul, Gregory S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 127.

[3] Molina-Pérez & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Spain: Larousse. p. 269.

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