The buk is a traditional Koreandrum. While the term buk is a native Korean word used as a generic term meaning "drum" (the Sino-Korean word being go), it is most often used to refer to a shallow barrel-shaped drum, with a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin.[citation needed] Buk are categorized as hyeokbu (혁부, 革部) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used for jeongak (Korean court music) and folk music.[1]
History
In the picture titled "Dancing boy" (무동:舞童), [samhyeon yukgak] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) including a [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) and [[[janggu]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) are depicted.[2]
The buk used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat their [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) with bukchae (북채, a drum stick) on one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly beat their [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) with it on their right hand as hitting the other side of the buk with their bare left hand.[3] A while ago, even jong (종, bell) was referred to as "soebuk" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in the buk category.[1]
Buk have been used for Korean music since the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings in Anak Tomb of Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) and records of Book of Sui on the kingdoms, Goguryeo and Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types of buk are depicted in the paintings titled Juakdo (주악도, 奏樂圖, "painting of playing music") and Haengryeoldo (행렬도, 行列圖, "painting of marching") such as ipgo (입고, 立鼓) and damgo (담고, 擔鼓) respectively. The ipgo is a buk that performers beat as standing, while the damgo is a buk that drummers strike as carrying it on their shoulder.[3]
During the Unified Silla period (668–935), [daego] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (대고, 大鼓) or [keunbuk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument named [bak] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (박, 拍) in a music played by Samhyeon samjuk (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises samhyeon, three string instruments such as geomungo, gayageum, and hyangbipa and samjuk such as [[[daegeum]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), [[[junggeum]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help)and [[[sogeum]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help).[4] In the Goryeo period (918–1392), as [[[dangak]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) and [[[aak]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) were introduced to Korea from China, a lot of [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) such as [[[janggu]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), [gyobanggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), [jingo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) began to be used for the court music.[3]
In the Joseon period, scores of [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) were used for the royal court music including [janggu, jwago, yonggo, gyobanggo, jingo, jeolgo, nogo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) and others. Among them [janggu] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) was also used for folk music, and later became the most commonly used instrument.[3]
While there are twenty types of buk used in the present Korean traditional music, most commonly used buk are [jwago] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) to perform [Samhyeon yukgak] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (삼현육각, 三絃六角), [yonggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) for marching music, [gyobango] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) for [bukchum] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (북춤, drum dance), [beopgo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) for Buddhist ritual ceremonies, sogo used by Namsadang, and street musicians, [soribuk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) or called [gojangbuk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) for [[[pansori]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), [maegubuk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (or called [nongakbuk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help)) used for [[[nongak]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), and [motbanggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) used by farmers as working.[3]
Usages
[Yonggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) being played in a marching [[[daechwita]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) ensemble
There are two forms of undecorated [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) used in Korean folk music: the [buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) used to accompany '[[[pansori]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help), which has tacked heads, is called a [sori-buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (소리북),photo[permanent dead link] while the buk used to accompany pungmul music, which has laced heads, is called pungmul-buk (풍물북).photo The [sori-buk] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) is played with both an open left hand and a stick made of birch that is held in the right hand, with the stick striking both the right drumhead and the wood of the drum's body. The pungmul-buk is one of the four instruments used in samul nori, a modern performance version of pungmul.[1] It is played by striking a single stick (usually with the right hand) on only one of its heads.
Due to its similarity in shape and construction, the [yonggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) (hangul: 용고; hanja: 龍鼓; literally "dragon drum"), which is a barrel drum with tacked heads decorated with painted dragon designs and used in the military wind-and-percussion music called daechwita, is sometimes also classified as a form of buk. It is struck with two padded sticks.
A modern set of buk (usually four) is called modeum buk (모듬북).photo They are typically placed horizontally on wooden stands and played with sticks.photo
Types
Janggu or Janggo (hangul: 장고 or 장구; hanja: 杖鼓 or 長鼓) – A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum played with one stick in each hand, or with one stick and one hand
Galgo (hangul: 갈고; hanja: 羯鼓) – Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum similar to the janggo but played with two sticks and thinner drum heads; sometimes called yanggo or yangjanggo; no longer commonly used [2]
Jingo (hangul: 진고; hanja: 晉鼓) – Largest barrel drum
Yonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja: 龍鼓) – A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell; used in daechwita
Eunggo (hangul: 응고; hanja: 應鼓) – Barrel drum suspended from a frame
Sakgo – (hangul: 삭고; hanja: 朔鼓) – A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame
Gyobanggo (hangul: 교방고; hanja: 敎坊鼓) – Flat drum suspended from a frame
Junggo (hangul: 중고; hanja: 中鼓) – Flat drum suspended from a frame; similar to the [gyobanggo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) but larger
Sogo (hangul: 소고; hanja: 小鼓) – A small hand-held drum
Nogo (hangul: 노고; hanja: 路鼓) – A set of two drums pierced by a pole
Nodo (hangul: 노도; hanja: 路鼗) – A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
Yeongdo (hangul: 노도; hanja:靈鼗) – Four drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
Noedo (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: 雷鼗)) – six small drums hung in a frame; used in ritual music
Noego (hangul: 뇌고; hanja: 雷鼓) – Three small barrel drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
Video showing [sori-bukError: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) used in [pansori] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help)]
Video showing [pungmul-bukError: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help) used in [samulnori] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: kor (help)]
A South Korean airman playing a pungmul-buk
Beopgo
Drum performance
Korean drummer
