Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna
Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 6 August 1892 Vilnius, Russian Empire (now Lithuania) |
| Died | 16 February 1983 Poznań, Poland |
| Occupation | poet, prose writer, playwright, translator |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford Jagiellonian University |
Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna (6 August 1892 – 16 February 1983) was a Polish poet, prose writer, playwright and translator. She was one of the most acclaimed and celebrated poets during Poland's interwar period.
Life and work
She was born on 6 August 1892, in Vilnius (now in Lithuania, but then part of the Russian Empire).[1] Her mother was Barbara Iłłakowiczówna and her father was Klemens Zan (son of Tomasz Zan - a close friend of Adam Mickiewicz). She was orphaned at an early age and was brought up in a family of her relatives. Zofia Buyno (née Zyberk-Plater) became her foster mother. Between 1908-1909 she studied at University of Oxford and later in the years 1910-1914 at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1915-1917, she worked as a nurse assistant in the Russian Army. Since 1918, she worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland and between 1926-1935 she was Józef Piłsudski's secretary. In the interwar period, her works were published in literary press, most notably in the literary magazine Tęcza ("Rainbow") in Poznań. In 1939, when the World War II broke out, she was evacuated to Romania. She returned to Poland in 1947 and settled in Poznań.[2]
She was widely regarded as one of the most important literary figures of the interwar period in Warsaw. She became fascinated with the feminist movement and during her stay in London she familiarized herself with the works of Emmeline Pankhurst, which encouraged her to take active part in the distribution of suffragette brochures. Nonetheless, she remained a deeply religious person throughout her life, strongly adhering to the Christian values and spirituality. Iłłakowiczówna had a wide circle of friends, many of which were well-known intellectuals, prominent poets and artists including Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Julian Tuwim and Maria Dąbrowska. She also translated works of European literature by such writers as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Heinrich Böll and Leo Tolstoy as well as the American poet Emily Dickinson, she also worked as a teacher of English. In the last years of her life, she became blind as a result of unsuccessful glaucoma surgery. She died on 16 February 1983 and was buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.[3][4]
Awards and distinctions
- Literary Award of the City of Vilnius (1930)
- Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1934)
- Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature (1935)
- Commander's Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania (1938)[5]
- Award of the City of Poznań (1968)
- Honorary doctorate of the Adam Mickiewicz University (1981)
Selected publications
- Ikarowe loty ("Flights of Icarus") (1912)[6]
- Trzy struny ("Three Strings") (1917)
- Kolędy polskiej biedy. W Wigilię powrotu (1917)
- Śmierć Feniksa ("The Death of Phoenix") (1922)
- Połów ("Halves") (1926)
- Opowieść o moskiewskim męczeństwie. Złoty wianek ("A Tale of Moscow Martydom. Golden Wreath") (1927)
- Płaczący ptak ("The Crying Bird") (1927)
- Popiół i perły ("Ashes and Pearls") (1930)
- Ballady bohaterskie ("Heroic Ballads") (1934)
- Słowik litewski. Poezja ("Lithuanian Nightingale. Poetry")[7] (1936)
- "Wiersze o Marszałku Piłsudskim. 1912-1935" ("Poems on Marshal Józef Piłsudski. 1912-1935") (1936)
- Ścieżka obok drogi (1939)
- Wiersze religijne. 1912-1954 ("Religious Poems. 1912-1954") (1955)
- Wiersze dziecięce ("Children's Poems") (1959)
- Zwierzaki i zioła ("Animals and Herbs") (1960)
- Ta jedna nić ("That One Thread") (1967)
- Rzeczy sceniczne (1969)
References
- ^ "Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna". Retrieved 2017-11-25.
- ^ "Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna". Retrieved 2017-11-25.
- ^ "Zakochana poetka – Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 14 May 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ "Female Identity in the 20th Century Polish Poetry: Between Androgyny and Essentialism" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-11-26.
- ^ "Dziennik Urzędowy Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej". Retrieved 2017-11-25.
- ^ "A History of Central European Women's Writing". Retrieved 2017-11-26.
- ^ "Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna: The Poet as a Witness of History, and of Double National Allegiance". doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22238-4_11.
