Atelopus
| Atelopus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male A. certus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Atelopus Duméril and Bibron, 1841 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Ateleopus Agassiz, 1846 (unjustified emendation) | |
Atelopus is a large genus of true toads, commonly known as harlequin toads or stubfoot toads, from Central and South America, ranging as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. Atelopus species are small, generally brightly colored, and diurnal. Most species are associated with mid-to-high elevation streams. This genus has been greatly affected by amphibian declines, and many species are now considered endangered, while others already are extinct. While threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and introduced species, the primary cause of these declines appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.[1][2] For example, there are 32 known Atelopus species (including half a dozen undescribed) in Ecuador. One of these is data deficient (its status is unclear), two are endangered and the remaining are critically endangered.[3] Almost half the Ecuador species have not been recorded in a decade or more and are likely extinct. In some species conservationists have established captive colonies as a safeguard.[3]
New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity, and many new species have been described in the last decade. Among others, a new subspecies, popularly dubbed the purple fluorescent frog, was discovered in 2007 by scientists Paul Ouboter and Jan Mol during a follow-up survey of the Nassau plateau in Suriname.[4] Leeanne Alonso from Conservation International, the organisation that led the expedition, said this frog may be threatened by illegal gold mining.[5] It was described as a new subspecies of Atelopus hoogmoedi (itself considered a subspecies of A. spumarius by some), named A. h. nassaui in 2012.[6]
Species
| Common name | Binomial name |
|---|---|
| Andes stubfoot toad | Atelopus andinus Rivero, 1968 |
| Angelito stubfoot toad | Atelopus angelito Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza, 1998 |
| Ardila's stubfoot toad | Atelopus ardila Coloma, Duellman, Almendariz, Ron, Teran-Valdez, and Guayasamin, 2010 |
| Starry night toad | Atelopus arsyecue Rueda-Almonacid, 1994 |
| Arthur's stubfoot toad | Atelopus arthuri Peters, 1973 |
| Rio Pescado stubfoot toad | Atelopus balios Peters, 1973 |
| Atelopus barbotini Lescure, 1981 | |
| Azuay stubfoot toad | Atelopus bomolochos Peters, 1973 |
| Boulenger's stubfoot toad | Atelopus boulengeri Peracca, 1904 |
| Rio Carauta stubfoot toad | Atelopus carauta Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1978 |
| Venezuelan yellow frog or La Carbonera stubfoot toad | Atelopus carbonerensis Rivero, 1974 |
| Guajira stubfoot toad | Atelopus carrikeri Ruthven, 1916 |
| Darien stubfoot toad or Toad Mountain harlequin frog | Atelopus certus Barbour, 1923 |
| Chiriqui harlequin frog | Atelopus chiriquiensis Shreve, 1936 |
| Atelopus chirripoensis Savage and Bolaños, 2009 | |
| Chocó stubfoot toad | Atelopus chocoensis Lötters, 1992 |
| Atelopus chrysocorallus La Marca, 1996 | |
| Rio Faisanes stubfoot toad | Atelopus coynei Miyata, 1980 |
| Veragua stubfoot toad | Atelopus cruciger (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) |
| Atelopus dimorphus Lötters, 2003 | |
| Huila stubfoot toad | Atelopus ebenoides Rivero, 1963 |
| Elegant stubfoot toad | Atelopus elegans (Boulenger, 1882) |
| Atelopus epikeisthos Lötters, Schulte & Duellman, 2005 | |
| Carabaya stubfoot toad | Atelopus erythropus Boulenger, 1903 |
| Malvasa stubfoot toad | Atelopus eusebianus Rivero & Granados-Díaz, 1993 |
| Atelopus eusebiodiazi Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008 | |
| Atelopus exiguus Boettger, 1892 | |
| Atelopus famelicus Rivero & Morales, 1995 | |
| Forest stubfoot toad | Atelopus farci Lynch, 1993 |
| Cayenne stubfoot toad | Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 |
| Central Coast stubfoot toad | Atelopus franciscus Lescure, 1974 |
| Antado stubfoot toad | Atelopus galactogaster Rivero & Serna, 1993 |
| Atelopus gigas Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez, and Guayasamin, 2010 | |
| Pirri Range harlequin frog | Atelopus glyphus Dunn, 1931 |
| Guanujo stubfoot toad | Atelopus guanujo Coloma, 2002 |
| La Guitarra stubfoot toad | Atelopus guitarraensis Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001 |
| Morona-Santiago stubfoot toad | Atelopus halihelos Peters, 1973 |
| Hoogmoed harlequin toad | Atelopus hoogmoedi Lescure, 1974 |
| Quito stubfoot toad | Atelopus ignescens (Cornalia, 1849) |
| Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994 | |
| Limosa harlequin frog | Atelopus limosus Ibáñez, Jaramillo & Solís, 1995 |
| Atelopus loettersi De la Riva, Castroviejo-Fisher, Chaparro, Boistel, and Padial, 2011 | |
| El Tambo stubfoot toad | Atelopus longibrachius Rivero, 1963 |
| Longnose stubfoot toad | Atelopus longirostris Cope, 1868 |
| Atelopus lozanoi Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001 | |
| Lynch's stubfoot toad | Atelopus lynchi Cannatella, 1981 |
| Atelopus mandingues Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001 | |
| Atelopus manauensis Jorge, Ferrão & Lima, 2020 | |
| Atelopus marinkellei Cochran and Goin, 1970 | |
| Mindo stubfoot toad | Atelopus mindoensis Peters, 1973 |
| Colombian stubfoot toad | Atelopus minutulus Ruiz-Carranza, Hernández-Camacho & Ardila-Robayo, 1988 |
| Mittermeier's stubfoot toad | Atelopus mittermeieri Acosta-Galvis, Rueda-Almonacid, Velásquez-Álvarez, Sánchez-Pacheco & Peña Prieto, 2006 |
| Hernandez's stubfoot toad | Atelopus monohernandezii Ardila-Robayo, Osorno-Muñoz & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002 |
| Mucubaji stubfoot toad | Atelopus mucubajiensis Rivero, 1974 |
| La Arboleda stubfoot toad | Atelopus muisca Rueda-Almonacid & Hoyos, 1992 |
| Atelopus nahumae Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994 | |
| Atelopus nanay Coloma, 2002 | |
| Gualecenita stubfoot toad | Atelopus nepiozomus Peters, 1973 |
| Niceforo's stubfoot toad | Atelopus nicefori Rivero, 1963 |
| Atelopus nocturnus Bravo-Valencia and Rivera-Correa, 2011 | |
| Atelopus onorei Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007 | |
| Atelopus orcesi Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010 | |
| Atelopus oxapampae Lehr, Lötters, and Lundberg, 2008 | |
| Rednose stubfoot toad | Atelopus oxyrhynchus Boulenger, 1903 |
| Schmidt's stubfoot toad | Atelopus pachydermus (Schmidt, 1857) |
| Andersson's stubfoot toad | Atelopus palmatus Andersson, 1945 |
| Andersson's stubfoot toad | Atelopus pastuso Andersson, 1945 |
| Pataz stubfoot toad | Atelopus patazensis Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008 |
| San Isidro stubfoot toad | Atelopus pedimarmoratus Rivero, 1963 |
| Peru stubfoot toad | Atelopus peruensis Gray & Cannatella, 1985 |
| Peters' stubfoot toad | Atelopus petersi Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007 |
| Atelopus petriruizi Ardila-Robayo, 1999 | |
| Painted stubfoot toad | Atelopus pictiventris Kattan, 1986 |
| Pinango stubfoot toad | Atelopus pinangoi Rivero, 1982 |
| Napo stubfoot toad | Atelopus planispina Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 |
| Atelopus podocarpus Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez, and Guayasamin, 2010 | |
| Atelopus pulcher Boulenger, 1882 | |
| Atelopus pyrodactylus Venegas & Barrio, 2006 | |
| Atelopus quimbaya Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994 | |
| Atelopus reticulatus Lötters, Haas, Schick & Böhme, 2002 | |
| Anori stubfoot toad | Atelopus sanjosei Rivero & Serna, 1989 |
| Upper Amazon stubfoot toad | Atelopus seminiferus Cope, 1874 |
| Pass stubfoot toad | Atelopus senex Taylor, 1952 |
| Atelopus sernai Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994 | |
| Atelopus simulatus Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994 | |
| Atelopus siranus Lötters &Henzl, 2000 | |
| Sonsón stubfoot toad | Atelopus sonsonensis Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 1997 |
| Cloud forest stubfoot toad | Atelopus sorianoi La Marca, 1983 |
| Pebas stubfoot toad | Atelopus spumarius Cope, 1871 |
| Condoto stubfoot toad | Atelopus spurrelli Boulenger, 1914 |
| Bogota stubfoot toad | Atelopus subornatus Werner, 1899 |
| Venezuela stubfoot toad | Atelopus tamaensis La Marca, García-Pérez & Renjifo, 1990 |
| Three-colored stubfoot toad | Atelopus tricolor Boulenger, 1902 |
| Veragoa stubfoot toad | Atelopus varius (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) |
| †Atelopus vogli Müller, 1934 | |
| Walker's stubfoot toad | Atelopus walkeri Rivero, 1963 |
| Panamanian golden frog | Atelopus zeteki Dunn, 1933 |
See also
Wikispecies has information related to Atelopus.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atelopus.
References
- ^ Lötters, Kielgast, Bielby, Schmidtlein, Bosch, Veith, Walker, Fisher, Rödder (2009). The Link Between Rapid Enigmatic Amphibian Decline and the Globally Emerging Chytrid Fungus. EcoHealth 6(3): 358-372
- ^ Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). Threatened Amphibians of the World. Pp. 100, 160-178. ISBN 978-84-96553-41-5
- ^ a b Tapia; Coloma; Pazmiño-Otamendi; and Peñafiel (2017). Rediscovery of the nearly extinct longnose harlequin frog Atelopus longirostris (Bufonidae) in Junín, Imbabura, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3 (1).
- ^ "MSN | Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos".
- ^ Zabarenko, Deborah (2007-06-04). "Purple frog among 24 new species found in Suriname". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
- ^ Amphibians of Suriname, Paul E. Ouboter and Rawien Jairam, Brill 2012, ISBN 978-90-04-21075-2
External links
- Atelopus.com - Fighting to Survive
- zkgcjfud
- drekbtgkcrd
- Bufonidae. Amphibiaweb